Cipactli, Mexican sign for a “marine monster,” 228.

Circle, symbol of heaven, 260;

influence on ancient architecture and symbolism, 284;

with dot, Egyptian sign for time, 387.

Circle or ring, symbol of Egyptian “lord of the ring,” Hindu “lord of the wheel,” Persian “god of the ring,” and Mexican “lord of the circle,” 401.

Circle or disk, Egyptian symbol, 402, 412, 444;

also in Peru, 444.

Circumpolar constellations, studied by primitive man, 15;

in relation to origin of swastika symbol, 15;

form triskelion on night of winter-solstice, 27;

relation to sacred numbers, 29;

associated with idea of death and resurrection, 39;

in relation to underworld, 40;

four movements of, 54;

in connection with cult of Below, 54;

worship of in Old World, 383-387

(see Pleiades, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Polaris).

Circumpolar region, probable birth-place of cult of Polaris, 475;

place where human race probably spent its infancy, 475;

fauna and flora, 476, 478, 479.

Circumpolar rotation, represented by swastika and star-symbols on pottery, 50-52;

compared to rotation of fire-drill by early peoples, 502

(see Rotation or Wheel).

Clavigero, 24, 25, 58.

Claws (or nails) of the state, title of warriors, 87;

in Mexican calendar-stone, 249;

on monolith “Divine Twin,” 261.

Cliff dwellers, tau as symbol, 119.

Clubs (wooden) from South America and Peru, with symbolical designs, 122.

Coatl (serpent or twin) in connection with tree symbolism, 188;

compared with Zuñi Koa=twin, 201.

Cocomes, Maya tribe, 209, 214.

Codices: Borgian, 27, 36, 55, 91, 95, 98, 103, 116, 189, 504, 505;

Chimalpopoca, 270;

Chumazel, 85;

Cortesian, 111;

Dresden, 35, 37, 39, 41, 45, 110, 183;

Féjérvary, 9, 10, 44, 107;

Fuenleal, 8, 10, 12, 33, 44;

Mendoza, 63, 87, 88, 117, 118, 122, 130, 173, 263;

Telleriano-Remensis, 10, 11, 240;

Troano, 86, 109, 110;

Vatican, 11, 44, 55, 50, 78, 80;

Vienna, 34, 44, 86, 90, 100, 103, 119, 123, 127.

Cogolludo, 89, 180, 206, 210, 218.

Colebrook and Bentley, 300.

Colhuacan, Mexican local name, 263.

Color, red in Mexico, associated with north, 57;

cult of Earth, 185;

title, 193;

blue, associated with rulership and divinities, 61, 62, 91, 214;

black, associated with Tezcatlipoca and with Quilaztli, 62;

yellow, color of the west, female region, 64;

meaning of, 114, 115;

on Moki masks, 119;

in tau design, 122;

on ancient Mexican temples and sculptures, 128;

in Peruvian symbolism, 130;

in Zuñi symbolism, 130;

in architecture at Uxmal, 131;

used to denote social status by Peruvians, Mayas, Mexicans and Zuñis, 192;

associated with four Quarters and Above and Below, 192, 251;

used for face and body painting, 193;

Huaxtecan mantle of five hundred colors, 208;

painting of caryatids in Chichen Itza, 212;

symbolic at Copan and Quirigua, 233;

emblematic, in China, 286;

assigned to elements by Mexicans, Zuñis and Chinese, 200, 293;

assigned to cardinal points, in China and America, 294;

in Buddhist temple; in Quetzalcoatl's temples in Mexico, 295;

in Hindu caste, 313;

in Babylonia, 328;

in Egypt, red associated with the north and male sex, and white with south and female sex, 369, 373, 425.

Colorado, cliff dwellers, 119.

Column, sacred, in great temple of Mexico, 53;

on hill of justice in Guatemala, 79;

stelæ at Copan and Quirigua, 220, 230, 512;

laws inscribed on, centre of island Atlantis;

laws of Solon inscribed on, in centre of Athenian state;

of Apollo at Delphi, 447;

the cosmical round tower of Ireland, 470;

at Mitla, Mexico, 513;

symbolism of, in Old and New World, 513, 517.

Confucianism, 115, 289, 298, 306.

Cone, in Mexican ollin-sign, signified the Above, 118;

used in native architecture;

culminated in pyramid, 118;

represented by shape of windows in ancient ruins, 120;

on summit of House of the Doves at Uxmal, 131.

Conical stone, on which human victims were sacrificed, 118.

Congress of Americanists, 230, 231.

Congress of Orientalists, 544.

Conquest Stone of Mexico, “Sacrificial Stone,” “Tribute Stone,” 258, 507.

Constantine, 509, 513, 514, 515, 530;

his numerical scheme compared with same in India, Mexico and Yucatan, 542, 543.

Copan, lentil-shaped stone altar, from, 113;

carved stelæ, 215;

purpose of erection, 216;

study of the ruins, 219;

cult of Polaris illustrated by carved slab in temple, 11, 222;

numerical organization illustrated, 222;

numerical divisions, symbolism, etc., identical with those of Peru, Guatemala, Mexico, Yucatan, Zuñi, etc., 226, 228, 233;

numerical divisions on altar conform with Zuñi clan-organization, 229;

bearded effigies, 231;

dual rulers, 232;

totemic animals and symbolic colors, 233;

excavation at Mound, 4, 233;

same cult as that of Palenque and Quirigua, 240;

carved stone seats or altars, 283;

alligator altar, 295;

stelæ as memorial columns, 512, 513;

remnants of old civilization, 528.

Copan swastika, compared with design on club from South America, 224;

compared with tablet in “Temple of the Sun,” 239

(see also Swastika).

Copts, 530.

Cord (Maya kaan), associated with Maya word for Heaven=caan, and with glyph, can, 112;

meaning of carved gorget worn on a cord, 112;

sky represented as a circle composed of a cord to which stars were attached, 113;

on lentil-shaped stone altar at Copan, 114;

on shield of Mexican god, 128;

on Copan stela, 219.

Corinth, coin with swastika, 459.

Cortes, 34, 67, 68, 74, 75, 77, 97, 107, 150, 171, 183, 208, 245, 264, 266, 542.