Tizoc, stone of, 9, 172, 212.

Tlacaxipehualiztli, ritual at festival of, 12.

Tlachtli, courtyard in shape of double tau, 87;

ancient Mexican game, 176.

Tlaloc, title of god of rain, 78, 99;

designated by surrounding his eyes with two blue rings, 81.

Tlatoque, literally, “The speaker” title of chief of clan, 178.

Tlaxcalla, republic of;

government of, army of, 75;

recumbent stone figures bearing circular vessels, found in, 93;

small republic of Mexico, name signifies bread;

hieroglyphic sign is maize-cake, 272.

Tloquenahuaque, title of “Creator” in texcoca, 163.

Tochtli, one of the four year symbols, 76;

rabbit, 78;

tochtli-gods, agents of Cihuacoatl, 78.

Tollan, abode of Quetzalcoatl, 217;

native name for Cholollan, 275.

Toltecas, representatives of high civilization of ancient Yucatan, 89;

master-builders, 234, 253, 254, 529.

Topiltzin, title of supreme pontiff, of Quetzalcoatl or divine twin, 77, 96.

Torquemada, 54, 55, 60, 67, 77, 95, 96, 150.

Tortoise, among the Iroquois, 197;

in Mexico, 279;

Maya word for ac, 281;

in Chinese symbolism, 296.

Totemism, North American Indian, 154, 197;

Peruvian, 157, 201;

Quiché, 164, note;

Zuñi, 201, 204;

Copan and Zuñi, 227;

and Quirigua, 233;

Fire people of Mexico,—the ocelot; Air people,—the bird, 254;

in relation to signs of zodiac and to the stars, 255;

in Babylonia, 348;

alligator totem in India and Mexico, 520;

among the Semites, 521, 522;

serpent totem among Semites, Mayas, Nahuas, and Peruvians, 522, 523.

Toxcatl festival, Tezcatlipoca and Huitzilopochtli, jointly honored, 97.

Traditions (see “Myths and Traditions”).

Tree symbolism, tree of life in Vienna Codex, 103;

in Dresden Codex, 110;

in ancient America, 186;

among the Incas, 186;

among the Mexicans, social organization represented by, 187;

Above and Below, 188;

serpent and Polaris, 189;

embodied male and female elements, 188;

shape of human figure, 189;

used to signify lord or governor, also ancestor, 189, 190;

sacred tree of the Mayas, 191;

among Peruvians, Mexicans and Mayas, image of social organization, 192;

in symbolic carving from Brazil or Guiana, 224;

symbol of tribe in America, 235, 236, 237, 242, 213, 507, note;

symbol of the year in Mexico, 241;

ché, Maya word for tree, zin-ché=cross, literally tree of life or of power, 278;

quahuitl, Nahuatl word for tree, symbol of Centre;

homonymous with quaitl, meaning head, 279;

recapitulation of meaning of symbol, 281;

compared with Chinese symbol of “wood,” 294;

in Buddhist religion, 321;

in Babylonia and Assyria, on bas-relief at Nimroud, 360;

as sacred symbol, 361;

tree worship, by Hebrews, Phœnicians, Assyrians, 362-364;

celestial tree of life in garden of Paradise, 365;

the ash-tree of the Norsemen on the summit of the Hill of Heaven, 472;

symbol of star-god, Polaris, 474;

tribal trees in India, Egypt, Mexico, Central America and Peru, 499;

the celestial tree of the Norsemen and Semites, 503;

in ancient America, 506, 507.

Tribute stone, Mexican “Sacrificial” stone, 259.

Triskelion, companion symbol to swastika;

formed by polar constellations at winter-solstice, 27;

not used in the South but with swastika in the North, 28;

on pottery from Arkansas;

on spearhead from Brandenburg;

on bronze brooch from Scandinavia, 28;

formed by combination of star groups, 30;

sign of winter solstice, 37.

Trocadero Museum, 104, 174, note.

Troncoso, Francisco del Paso y, 13, 82, 250, 252.

Troy, vases from, having swastika or cross symbol, 459.

Troy, spindle whorls with swastikas and allusion to pole-star god, Tur, 498.

Tschudi, 134.

Tuch-pan, name of capital of Maya colony, 125, 207.

Tula, 60;

city of, 95.

Tulapan, 210.

Tullan, 173;

name of culture hero's home, 68;

meaning of, in Maya language, 68;

identity not established;

beautiful land of the Aztecs, Mayas, Kiches and Cakchiquels;

Cakchiquel legend regarding;

Maya migration from, 88, 268.

probable place where scheme of organization was evolved, and where traditions of destruction of earth originated, 268, 274, 275.

Turanian, originally a northern race, (see Phœnicians), 517.

Turtle, at Quirigua, 234;

in Egyptian symbolism, 398.

Tusayan, ceremonies, symbols and myths compared with those of Central America, 200.

Tuscaroras, 196.

Tutulxius, 211;

immigrants into Yucatan, tradition concerning, 210.

Twin, divine

(see Dual Divinity).

Twin serpents, on Mexican Calendar Stone, symbolizing dual forces of nature, and quadruplication, 257;

on dual statues, on summit of great Temple of Mexico, 266.

Tylor, E. B., 196, 363.

Tyre, destruction of, by the Greeks, 527.

Tzendals, culture hero of, 60, 71, 72;

calendar signs, 180;

social organization and numerical system, 181, 182.

Tzilan, ancient capital in Yucatan, 234.

Tzitzimi-Cihuatl, name of Quilaztli, 60.

Uhle, Max, 167-169.

Upsala, university of, 230, note.

Urhye, Chinese dictionary, 292.

Ursa Major, myths concerning, 8, 11, 12;

meaning of name in Nahuatl, 8, 9;

four positions of form swastika, 14-22;

nearer to pole-star in remote antiquity, 21;

rotary motion, 22;

positions of, scratched on rocks, beginning of astronomical records, 23;

Tezcatlipoca and ocelot associated with, 26;

in relation to sacred numbers, 29;

resembles s-shape, 34;

in relation to idea of Above and Below, 40;

ancient Mexicans claimed descent from Ursa Major and Minor, 57;

on calendar stone, 246, 250;

identified as star-god, “Youal-tecuhtli” mentioned by Sahagun, 279;

among the ancient Chinese, 284, 285, 291, 298, 302;

in Hindu religion, 319;

in Babylonia and Assyria, 358, note;

in Egypt, 378, 382, 384, 385, 397, 400, 410;

Akkadian title, Akanna=the Lord of Heaven, 394;

Greek name for Helice, 447;

as sailing guide in ancient Greece, 451, 452;

became circumpolar about B.C. 4000, time of adoption of swastika symbol, 461.

Ursa Minor, S-shaped figure sign of, 11, 29;

connected with Tezcatlipoca, 12;

rotation of, 18;

suavastika formed by, 19;

in relation to sacred number, 29, 33;

represented by recurved sceptre, 34;

represented by Maya glyph, Hun-Imix, 35;

in connection with Polaris, 36;

in relation to idea of Above and Below, 40;

symbol of;

s-shaped breads made in honor of, 46;

ancient Mexicans claimed descent from Ursa Major and Minor, 57;

in Copan swastika, 224;

in Egypt, 382;

in Babylonia-Assyria=Kakkabu, 400;

in ancient Greece as sailing guide, 451.