Persia, ancient religion of;

swastika;

seven divisions of Cosmos, four-fold rule, 325, 484.

Peru, worship of Pleiades, 53;

sacred fire, 83;

use of checker board design, 124;

light and dark colors used to designate the Above and Below, 130;

irrigating canals in symbolic form, 132, 146;

outline of civilization, 132;

stone monument typifying duality, 134;

knowledge of Creator, 135;

form of government, 136, 137;

tribal and household “idols,” 138, 139, 140;

four rulers, 141;

classification of people, 142;

“white virgins,” title given to upper class maidens;

“black virgins,” lower class;

caste;

deformation of skulls, 143;

ceremony for driving out sickness, 144;

Above, Below, Centre and Four Quarters, 144;

ceremony illustrating rotation, 145;

religious festivals, 146, 147;

civilization from the north, 150;

prehistoric ruins, 151, 156;

Inca fable, 152;

compared with symbolism of sculptured slabs in Guatemala, 153, 154, 155, 156;

linguistic affinities between Quechua and Maya and Nahuatl, 158, 159;

Polaris;

navigation, 159, 160;

worship of “Creator” (Polaris) superseded sun and moon cults, 161, 164;

caste division associated with left hand, 165;

ruins of Tiahuanaco, 165-169;

symbols compared with those of Mexico and Central America, 170;

summary, 494;

scheme of government compared with Plato's “divine polities”, 509, 539;

summary and conclusions, 546.

Petrie, Flinders, 375, 380, 404, 425, 439, 461, 483, 491.

Pheidon of Corinth, 486, note.

Pherecydes, the Phœnician teacher of Pythagoras, 526.

Philolaus, 485, 527.

Phœnicians, cult of Astarte, 345;

a northern race, called Turanians, 517;

navigators, 519;

worshipped serpent, fire-drill and the Pleiades;

called the “red men,” 521;

tradition indicates their migration to the New World, 524, 525, 528-535;

evidence of their influence, 538-541;

allied to Semitic race, 540, note, 541, 543;

summary and conclusions, 546.

Pig, sacred animal in Egypt, 409.

Pigmy races, traditions of, 339.

Pillar, worship of (see Column).

Pilli, Mexican title, 74;

meaning “fingers,” title of minor lords, 282.

Pilquixtia, a Mexican festival, 240.

Pinches, Mr., 357.

Plato, 346, 444-451, 467, 486-490, 509, 527, 529, 539, 546.

Plato's “Divine Polities,” identical with scheme of government in ancient Mexico and Peru, 509, 539.

Pleiades, study of, by primitive peoples, 52;

on Society Islands, 52;

in Mexico, 53;

in southern America, 53, 54;

on Mexican Calendar-stone, 252;

in Chinese calendar, 296;

in Babylonia and Assyria, 338 (see Polaris, Ursa Major and Ursa Minor);

worship of, in India and Mexico;

in connection with New Year and marriage festivals, 498.

Plotinus, 527.

Plutarch, 441, 452, 488.

Polar constellations, chart of, 16.

Polar regions, both hemispheres originally peopled from, 531.

Polaris, the author's observation of, 7;

primitive man's study of, 14, 15;

Draconis, as pole-star;

apparent immovability;

means of determining direction;

supernatural power, 21; worship of;

centre of axial energy, 22;

Mexican Calendar system suggested by, 25;

numerical value of, 30, 31;

centre of cosmic system, 40, 41;

changes in relative positions of, 42;

ceased to be brilliant and immovable about 500 B.C. to 1200 A.D., 43;

cult of;

migrations from south to north, 43;

spread of cult in Mexico, Yucatan, Honduras, Guatemala, Peru;

also, in Mississippi valley, as indicated by carvings on shell gorgets, 44;

symbols of, analogous to cross and star symbols on shell gorgets from Tennessee, 48, 49, 50;

suggestions of cult among the Eskimo, 50;

represented by star symbols and swastika on pottery from Arizona and Nicaragua, 50;

in connection with cult of Earth and Night, 54;

represented by Montezuma on his throne, 72;

not identical with God C, 112;

as centre of rotation in Zuñi emblem, 129;

as a guide in navigation between Guatemala, Nicaragua and Peru, 159;

between Ceylon and Karachee, 159, 160;

cult superseded sun and moon cults in Peru, 161;

invisible at Cuzco;

Inca worship of the invisible Creator, 161;

Yoal-tecuhtli, Mexican lord of the Night;

title of Polaris, 181;

producer of life and regulator of the universe;

tecpatl (flint knife) symbol of, 183;

in connection with tree symbolism;

title, “Heart Of Heaven,” 189;

among the Zuñi, 202;

at Copan, 222, 224;

reflected in bowl of water=Creator, 225;

in Shakespeare, 247;

represented central face in Mexican calendar-stone, 250;

Calendar-stone based on observation of, 257, note;

in connection with pyramid, 273, 274;

in connection with swastika symbol, 276;

Maya name, Ek-chuah, patron divinity of travellers and traders, 278;

North Star God, temple to, in Pekin;

Chinese name=Teen-hwang-ta-tee, literally the great imperial ruler of Heaven, 284-287, 291, 295;

in work of Confucius, 298;

in Chinese Taouism, 301, 302;

Hebrew Jehovah, having same title, “God of Heaven,” 304;

in India, 316, 318, 319;

in Mesopotamia, 321;

in Arabia, 324;

linguistic affinity between name of Polaris, and word for capital and for north, in Babylonia, 325;

Phœnician name=the serpent, 325;

in Persia, 326;

in Babylonia, “lord or king”, “Great Mountain,” 329;

cult of, in Assyria and Babylonia, 332-339;

among the Israelites, 352;

in Babylonia, highest form developed into monotheism, and lowest form into cult of Ishtar and Bel, 353;

represented in Babylonian temples by a fire in centre of square altar, 362, 363;

Euphratean star-worshippers, 364;

high development of cult in Egypt, 368, 376-382;

Egyptian mummy, image of, 386;

Egyptian names for, 398, 401-403;

in Egyptian religion and symbolism, 403, 404, 409, 410, 415, 421, 423;

in [pg 593] India, called the “pivot of the planets,” 448, note;

in Arabia, “the hole where the earth's axle found its bearing,” 448, note;

in ancient Greece, 450-453;

Greek Polos, a star revolving on itself, 453, 454;

indicated by cross symbol before the use of swastika, 461;

called by early Danes and Icelanders, “throne of Thor” or “smaller Chariot,” 473;

called by Finns “Taehti=star at the top of the heavenly mountain,” 473;

among the ancient Scandinavians and their descendants the Vikings, 474;

circumpolar region, probable birth-place of cult, 475;

table of countries in which traces of cult have been found, 480;

associated with use of fire-drill in Old and New World, 494;

among Hindus, 498;

Greek Ixion, 500;

Assyrian goddess Ishtar called the “axis of the heavens,” female Polaris, 503;

figured by wooden or stone socket from which fire and water flowed to the four quarters, 503;

pole-star god of the Hindus compared with fire-drill god of Mexico, 505;

the Mexican pole-star god compared with the Hindu, Greek, Norse, Russian, etc., 505;

Old and New World, 517;

Phœnicians steered by, from earliest times, 523, 525;

interval of time when the pole star ceased to be conspicuous, 525;

maritime intercourse interrupted, 531;

reappearance of, 538;

summary and conclusions, 544;

Mesopotamian prayer meeting of star-worshippers (Appendix II), 557.