Usumacinto river, 235.

Uxmal, House of the Doves, symbolism of, 131;

symbolic hand on garment of chieftain, 184;

the serpent city of America, 214;

ruins in, 216.

Valentini, P. J. J., 256, note.

Valera, Padre Blas, 151.

Varuna, name of supreme god in India, 312.

Vase, or Bowl, symbol of earth mother, 100;

emblem of the rain priests or Octli gods, 102;

worn in nose as emblem;

meaning of, 103;

containing rabbit or flint knife, 104;

as conventionalized serpent jaw, resembles horseshoe-shaped stone “yoke,” 104;

considered sacred among Zuñi Indians, 105;

reason of vase decoration, 105, 106;

grave [pg 600] made in shape of;

used as burial urn, 106;

stone “seats” indicate analogous cult of earth-mother south of Mexico, 107;

Maya day-sign, Caban, 107;

in Maya codices, 107, 108;

figured as day sign, ch'en, 110;

associated with seeds and germination, by Mayas and Mexicans, 111;

in Vienna Codex, 123, 124;

sacred bowl among Pueblo Indians, 132;

in hand of ruler on Copan sculpture, 222, 224, 225;

bowl of water, preceded use of obsidian mirror, in divination, 225;

Maya supreme priest called “Lord of the Vase or bowl,” 226;

on Tablet of the “Cross 2,” at Palenque, 236;

recapitulation of meaning of symbol, 283;

used for Astronomical purposes among pigmy races, and in Phœnicia, Assyria and Egypt, 339;

large terra-cotta jars found at Nippur, and in temple of Solomon, 344;

canopic vases in Egypt, 372;

same idea embodied in pyramid, 386;

in zodiac signs, 395;

symbol of god Amen-Ra, 408;

in cult of Egyptian goddess, Isis, 424.

Vedas, 312, 314, 452, note, 494, 496, 497, 499, 500, 505, 521, 522.

Vega, Garcilaso de la, 136, 137, 150, 151.

Vega, Nuñez de la, 180, 181, 182.

Venice, compared to Mexico, 84.

Venus, temple of Mexico dedicated to, planet of, 53;

on Calendar-stone, 252.

Vikings, cult of Polaris, 474.

Villavicencio, 150.

Virgins of the Sun, in Mexico and Peru, 194.

Vishnu, cult of, 314.

Volcanoes, as probable cause of traditions of destruction of earth, 270-275.

Von Herder, 449, note.

Von Luschan, 342, 358, note, 359, 360.

Von Schroeder, L., 484, 458, note.

Votan, culture hero of the Tzendals, title “the Master of the Sacred Drum,” 60, 71-72, note.

Vulture, totem of Quiché chieftain, 164;

in Egyptian symbolism, 398, 425, 426.

Wales, Druidic Celi Ced corresponds to Egyptian Amen-Ra;

dual power;

Central ruler;

numeral seven in Welsh legend, 471.

Wampum belts, Iroquois, 197-199.

Wan, Chinese word for swastika, 309.

Warburg, A., 119.

Waring, 459.

Warren, William F., 475, 566.

Water, sacred pool in temple of Mexico, 225;

in connection with star cult, 226;

associated with fire-drill and socket in Old and New World, 505.

Water era, one of the four eras of the world, 253.

Water goddess, called Chalchiutlycue, 91.

Water and air design, encircling the mitre of the Lord of the Above;

on mantles of Montezuma's predecessors, 125;

emblem of cult of Above, 126.

Weaving, art of among the Huaxtekans, 207-208, note.

West, Cihuatlampa (in Nahuatl)=place of the women, 38;

in Cosmos=Calli=house, yellow, earth, darkness, 42;

door of the Underworld, 54;

female region, 64.

Webster's Dictionary, 419.

Wheat, stalk of, year symbol in China, 291.

Wheel, emblem of the Deity and of rotation, among ancient Mexicans, 33;

represented by Mexican dance, 59;

the four-spoked wheel of Shamash in Babylonia and Assyria, 332, 356, 365;

symbol of axial rotation and time in Old World, 500;

associated with pole-star in Japan, 501;

use of, known in Japan and China from the earliest times, 501-502;

in Scandinavia, 502;

first religions and their royal symbol—possibly evolved from the stone fire socket, 503 (see Axial Rotation).

Wheelwright, E. M., 514, 515.

Whitney, J. D., 449 note, 452, note.

Wickersham, James, 288, 292.

Wiener, 132, 146.

Williams, 288.

Wilson, Sir Daniel, 540.

Wilson, Thomas, 19, 23, 28, 50, 318, 459, 460.

Wind-god, symbol of, 34.

Windows, symbolism of, in Mexico, Central America and elsewhere, 120, 121.

Winged disk, in Assyria, 356, 357.

Winter solstice, triskelion sign of, 27, 28.

Woman, origin of idea of inferiority, 65;

position of, in Peru and Mexico, 194;

“Corn Maidens” and “Mothers” in America, 276;

in China, 286, 287;

in Babylonia-Assyria, 341;

in Greece and Rome, 345 in Egypt, 426-436.

Writing, cursive and ikonomatic of the Old World;

picture writing adopted by Spanish missionaries to New World, 534-535, note;

Egyptian hieratic script, 535, note;

numerical value of letters in Greek alphabet;

Maya calculiform hieroglyphs;

geometrical figures used by Phœnicians, 536, note.

Wu, Chinese empress, 309.

Wylie, Alexander, 303, 335, 481, note.

Xicalango, 211.

Xilomaniztli, another name for the festival “Izcalli;”

meaning the birth or sprouting of the young maize, 241.

Xiuhtecuhtli, Mexican lord of the year or of fire;

emblem of, figured and described;

called the turquoise;

or grass-green pyramid, 129, 214, 223.

Xius, tribe of ancient Yucatan, 211.

Xonecuilli, native name for Ursa Minor (see Ursa Minor).

Xoxouhqui-ilhuicatl (Nahuatl)=the verdant or blue sky, a title of Huitzilo-pochtli, 72.

Yang and Yin, in Chinese religion;

belief of the modern Chinese concerning, 286.

Yaou, Chinese emperor who divided China into four provinces, 298.

Year symbols, in Mexican calendar, acatl, tecpatl, calli and tochtli, 76;

glyphs on Copan stela or katun, 220;

Maya name for=Ah-cuch-haab, 220;

in Mexican Calendar-stone, 253;

in Mexico, bunch of grass or maize shoots;

in China, stalk of wheat, 291.

Yoalticitl, mother of the gods in ancient Mexico, 123.

Yop-at, Maya name for “a mitre,” symbol of divine ruler, 118.

Yope or yopi, Mexican peaked headdress or cone 117.

Yopico, name given to temple and monastery in courtyard of Great Temple of Mexico, 118.

Youal-tecuhtli, star-god mentioned by Sahagun, identified as Ursa Major, 279;

name signifies, “lord of the night,” also “Lord of the circle or wheel,” 279.

Yuoalahua=lord of the wheel, 71.

Yu, Chinese emperor;

divisions of China, 292, 299.

Yucatan, cult of Polaris, 44;

Mexican culture-hero, Quetzalcoatl, came from, 67;

social organization, older than that of Mexico, 67;

Twin-brothers personifying the Above and Below, 68;

serpent symbol, more ancient than in Mexico, 70;

ancient map of, 85-90;

early peoples of, in contact with those of Mississippi valley, 112;

traditions about Kukulcan's journey to Mexico, 206;

traditions of tribes who came from the south, 210-214;

meeting ground of Maya- and Nahuatl-speaking people, 214;

not cradle of Maya civilization, 214;

ancient monuments of, 216;

fourfold divisions, 218, 494;

Mayas compared with Maghas of India, 509, 519;

ancient civilization, 528;

ruder forms of culture alongside of the perfected social organization, 531;

period of warfare and pestilence, 539

(see Chichen Itza, Mayapan, etc.).