Index.

Abadiano, Dionysio, 246, 251.

Above (see “Heaven or Above”).

Academia Manuscript, 11.

Acamapichtli, Mexican ruler, having title of “Woman-serpent,” 63, 67, 71.

Acatl, one of the four Mexican year-symbols, 76, 170, 179, 257, 280.

Acolma, 55.

Acosta, 76, 150.

Agave or maguey, juice of, “drink of life,” 188.

Ahau, Maya glyph, chief, lord, 169;

figured on gold plaque from Cuzco, 169, 220.

Ahau-ka-tun, 24-year period, 219;

literally lord, 20 stone, compared with Copan stelæ, 219, 221.

Ah-cuch-cab, Maya name of ruler or chief of a town or place, 184;

title of chief, 220;

terrestrial lord, 224.

Ah-cuch-haab, Maya name for four year-signs, 220.

Air, in Mexico, Quetzalcoatl, lord of, 126;

name of one of the four eras since the creation of the world, 253.

Air and water design, on sacred edifices in ancient America, 126;

union of, 126;

emblem of Above, 126;

on drinking vessels, 127;

on dome of ancient Greek monument, 127;

associated with the male region, 249.

Akbal, Maya glyph, 108.

Akkad=the North, 334.

Akkadians, Semitic race of Assyria-Babylonia, 334.

Alexander of Macedonia, 527.

Allen, Richard Hinckley, 448, 451, 525.

Alligator, altar at Copan, 227, 228, 296;

totem of Copan tribe, 228;

symbol in codices, 504, 518;

in India, 505, 519;

totem of Mayas and Mexicans, 520.

Altars at Copan, 226, 227, 228, 229.

Amaterasu, Japanese sun-goddess, 311.

Amaytun, painted representation of the 20 and 24-year epoch, 219, 226.

Amen-Ra, the supreme dual god of the Egyptians, 389, 390, 391.

American Association for the Advancement of Science, 510, 545.

American Folk-Lore Society, 510.

American Museum of Natural History, 234.

American peoples, 479-548.

Ammon, 522.

Ammonites, 351.

Anacreon, 453.

Anales del Museo Nacional de Mexico, 86, 93, 98.

Andastes, 196.

Andean art, compared with Mediterranean, 545.

Andree, Richard, 52, 53.

Angrand, Leonce, 150, 151.

Animal form, as totem, 154;

associated with Four Quarters by Zuñi, 295;

combined with bird, symbol of union of Above and Below, 296;

summary of use in symbolism 296;

in Chinese calendar, 299, in Buddhist mythology, 318;

combined with human in Babylonian symbolism, 335 (see Human form).

Anthromorphites, 530.

Apis, sacred Egyptian bull, 399;

cult of, very ancient, 437.

Apollo, worshipped in form of a column, 447, 513.

Arabia, star worship, axial rotation, seven-day period, etc., 322, 324, 448, 482, 495, 556.

Aratos, 453.

Arcadius, 530.

Architecture, ancient, influenced by religious cults of Heaven and Earth, 284;

Byzantine, 515;

cruciform, 515;

symbolism of (see Windows, Cone, Tau, Pyramid, Color, Greek fret, etc.).

Arctos, 452.

Aristotle, 485, 486, 487.

Arizona, 52, 199.

Arriaga, Padre, 134.

Arrowpoint, barbed, used instead of flint knife as symbol of life-producing force, 55, 56.

Ashmolean Museum at Oxford, 366, 369.

Ashurbanipal, Assyrian king, offspring of Heaven and Earth, 346.

Asia Minor, compared with North America in relation to tertiary plants and fungi, 479.

Asiatic contact, 534, 541 (see Pre-Columbian contact).

Asiatic Society of Japan, 565, 575.

Assyria, star-cult, 326;

numerical divisions, etc., 328;

cult of Polaris, 335;

analogies with China and Central America, 349;

civilization more recent than that of Babylonia, 353;

founded by Semitic Babylonians, 354;

rise of pure monotheism, 355;

stelæ with seven symbols, seven circles, etc., 358;

Pole-star worship, seven-fold division, Four Quarters, etc., 367;

summary, 483.

Astarte, Assyrian goddess figured as cow and as moon, 337, 345, 350.

Astronomy, cast of astronomy-leaders, 22;

study of, among native races, 42;

basis of religion, 43;

knowledge of, among Eskimo, 50;

and other native peoples, 53;

Mexican astronomers, 82;

among the Zuñi, 205;

astronomer-priests of Mexico 274;

in China, 285;

Chinese, Babylonian, Hindoo, Chaldean, [pg 578] Egyptian, Thibetan and Indian, 300, 301;

in Chaldea, 330;

in Babylonia and Assyria, 328, 338;

in Egypt, 376, 383;

Egyptian zodiac signs, illustrated, 395;

the time when there ceased to be a conspicuous pole star, 525-526 (see Polaris, Calendar, etc.).

Atlantis, Island of, 446.

Atlatl or spear thrower, 211;

on temple of the Tigers, and on Stone of Tizoc, 212.

Attiwendaronks, 196.

Avila, 132.

Axayacatl, living representative of Huitzilopochtli, 71.

in Maya name for Ursa Major, 8-10;

title of Mexican supreme divinity, “Wheel of the Winds,” 11, 33;

origin of idea was rotation of Ursa Major around Polaris;

symbolized by swastika symbol, 18-23;

imitated by Mexican game, “Those who fly,” 24;

associated with Mexican Calendar system, 25;

indicated by name Teo-Culhuacan or Aztlan, 56;

represented by Mexican sacred dance, 59;

indicated in Vienna Codex by circle of footstep, 90;

in Zuñi religious ceremony, 129;

in religious ceremony and irrigating canals of Peru, 145, 146;

symbolized by Nahuiollin on Mexican Calendar Stone, 251-52;

by one-footed man on Mexican “Sacrificial Stone,” 259;

in ancient plan of Mexican government, 273;

pictured divinity surrounded by circle of footsteps, 279;

in plan of ancient Chinese government, 280-291;

in calendar systems of China and Mexico, 292;

symbolized by spider's web, 293;

in Chinese calendar, 309;

the wheel in Hindu religion, 313, 319;

in Babylonia and Assyria, 331, 332, 356, 365, 366, 367;

“Wheel of the law” and “lord of the wheel” of India, in Egyptian symbolism, 394, 400, 401;

centrifugal power and rule indicated by names of capital cities in Egypt and Greece, 413;

revolving pillar on Acropolis at Athens, 447;

in Arabia, 448;

in India, 448;

in Plato's cosmical conception, 449;

in Homer's works, 452;

in Sophocles' work, 453;

in ancient Greece, polos=a star revolving on itself, 453;

Sanscrit god, “the driver of the axle,” 453;

Greek “Ixion's wheel,” 453;

indicated by cross symbol and later by swastika, 461;

wheel associated with Jove on Roman tombstone, 464;

in Scandinavia, the wain wheeled around the throne of Thor, 473;

Turanian god of heaven=the pole turned by the revolving days and weeks, 499;

symbols of, in Old and New World, 494-544;

summary, 544.