INDEX

Aben-Aboo, King of Moriscoes, 290.
Aben-Farax, a leader of the Moriscoes, 288.
Aben-Humeya, King of Moriscoes, 288, 290.
Abruzzi, the, 40.
Pope, 161;
policy of, 162;
death and character of, 164.
Aerschot, Duke of, 348, 354.
Africa, Portuguese conquests in, 85;
Spanish possessions in, 97, 206, 208.
Agnadello, battle of, 63.
Albert, and Albert Alcibiades. See Brandenburg.
Albert, Cardinal-Archduke of Austria, Governor of Netherlands, 383;
invades France, 440;
retreats, 442.
—— Charlotte d’, 35.
—— John d’, King of Navarre, 46.
Albuquerque, Portuguese Commander in India, 87.
marriage negotiations with Elizabeth, 413;
sides with Huguenots, 418;
deserts them, 423. See Anjou.
Alessandria pillaged, 37.
Alessandro. See Medici.
Alexander of Parma. See Parma.
Alexander VI., Pope, 17;
makes terms with Charles, 20;
flies to Perugia, 22;
suspends and excommunicates Savonarola, 27, 28;
family policy, 35;
ratifies treaty of Granada, 41;
death, 46;
policy of, 4953.
—— Alfonso the Magnanimous, 15.
—— II., 15;
succeeds Ferrante, 12;
marriage with Ippolita of Milan, 15;
abandons alliance with Milan, 16;
abdicates, 20;
escapes from San Germano, 21.
Alfonso of Este, 51.
Algiers, taking of, 97.
Allègre, Ives d’, 50.
Almeyda, Portuguese Commander in India, 86.
Alost, revolt at, 349.
Alva, Duke of, success in Italy, 253 ff.;
takes Lisbon, 298;
minister, 304 ff.;
sent to Netherlands, 327;
success in Netherlands, 331 ff.;
system of taxation, 337 ff.;
asks for recall, 339;
attempts to subdue revolt, 341 ff.;
leaves Netherlands, 343;
at Conference of Bayonne, 406.
—— Frederick, son of Duke, defeats Genlis before Mons, 341;
takes Haarlem, 342.
Alviano, Bartolomeo d’, 64.
Amboise, George, Cardinal of, 35, 46.
—— Castle of, 25;
‘Tumult’ of, 396;
‘Pacification’ of, 406.
Amiens, Conference of, 181;
seizure of, 441.
Amsterdam, rise of, 365.
Ancona, 49.
Angoulême, Francis of. See Francis I.
death of, 426.
—— Henry, Duke of (cf. Henry III.), made Lieutenant-Governor of France, 407;
defeats Coligny, 409;
marriage negotiations, 412 and foll.;
plots massacre of St. Bartholomew, 414416. See Henry III.
Anne. See Austria, Brittany, Saxony, and Beaujeu.
Annona, assault of, 57.
Andrada, Fernando de, 45.
Anspach, George Frederick of, succeeds Albert Alcibiades of Brandenburg, 246.
Antonio, Don, claims crown of Portugal, 297, 378.
Antony. See Navarre.
Antwerp, rise of, 87, 319;
sack of, 350;
capitulation, commercial decline, 365.
Apulia, 42, 44.
Aragon, Ferdinand of, reclaims Roussillon, 6;
Treaty of Barcelona, 7;
Lord of Sicily and Sardinia, 11;
aids Ferrante, 24;
Treaty of Granada, 40;
war with Louis XII., 42, 48;
character of, second marriage, and death, 104 ff.
—— Catherine of, marriage, 92.
—— Isabella of, marriage, 92.
—— Joanna of, marriage, 92.
—— John of, death, 92.
—— Constitutional rights of, 92;
policy of Ferdinand, 94;
Cortes of, extracts confirmation of liberties from Charles V., 138;
not fulfilled, 144;
under Philip, 300.
Armada, 375 ff.
Arques, battle of, 433.
Arezzo, department of Florence, 52.
Arras, Union of, 357.
Asti, 37;
acquired by Savoy, 194.
Atella, fall of, 24.
Aubigny, Stuart d’, Governor of Calabria, 22;
invades Italy, 37;
enters Rome, 41;
gains Calabria, 43.
Augsburg, Diets of (1530), 111, 198, 230, 234, 247;
‘Confession’ of, 198;
(1555) Compromise on religious question, 247 ff.
Augustus. See Saxony.
Aumont, Marshal d’, 433.
—— Don John of. See John of Austria.
Aversa, battle of, 191.
Avila, Sancho de, 334;
aids mutiny of Spanish soldiery, 349.
Axel, surprise of, 370.
Backerzell, 336.
Bailiwicks, the Swiss, 120.
Bajazet II., intrigues with Alexander VI., 17, 36.
Baglione, Gian Paolo, of Perugia, 53.
Barberigo, Venetian admiral at Le panto, 294.
Barcelona, Treaty of, 7, 192.
Barletta, 44.
Basel, Peace of, 124.
Basilicata, the, 42.
Barneveld, John Van Olden, 368, 371.
approves of his restoration, 210;
won over by Charles, 222.
—— Albert III., Duke of, 446.
Bayard, 43, 172.
Bayonne, Conference of, 406.
—— Susanna of, 33.
Bentivoglio, Giovanni, of Bologna, 50, 52, 53.
Bergen, Marquis of, 327, 336.
Bergerac, Treaty of, 424.
Berlaymont, Count, 321, 333.
Berquin, Louis de, 388.
Béza, Théodore, successor of Calvin, 274.
Bicocca, battle of, 163.
Bienne, 121.
Birago, successor of L’Hôpital as Chancellor, 414.
Biron, Marshal de, 425, 435, 439.
Biseglia, Duke of, second husband of Lucrezia Borgia, 52.
Blois, Treaty of, 36;
second Treaty of, 61.
Boisot, Admiral, relieves Leyden, 345.
Bologna in hands of Giovanni Bentivoglio, 50;
under French protection, 51;
threatened by Borgia, 52;
gained by Pope Julius II., 56;
Concordat of, 81.
Bonnivet, Admiral, 173.
Borgia, Cæsar, 47, 4956;
released from ordination vows, 35;
conquests in Romagna, 50;
subdues revolt of his captains, 53;
death, 55.
—— Lucrezia, marriages, 52.
—— Rodrigo. See Alexander VI.
Borromeo, Carlo, Archbishop of Milan, 268, 302.
Bouillon, Robert de la Marek, Lord of, 147.
Bourbon, family of, 392.
—— Charles, Cardinal of, 392;
candidate of League for Crown, 428, 433;
reproaches to Catherine, 432;
death, 435.
Bourbon, Duc de, quarrels with Francis, commands Italian army with success, 172;
wins battle of Pavia, 175;
takes Rome, death, 186.
Bourg, Anne de, 391;
death, 396.
Bourges, Pragmatic Sanction of, 81;
surrender of, 405.
Bragadino, 294.
secularises Prussia, 197.
—— Albert Alcibiades (of Brandenburg-Culmbach) joins Charles, 222;
joins Maurice against Charles, 241;
rejoins Charles, defeated by Maurice, 245;
driven from Germany, 246.
—— Joachim I. of, 131.
—— John Cicero of, 108.
—— John of Brandenburg-Küstrin, 222.
Breda, Conference of, 346.
Brederode, Henry, Viscount of, 326, 330.
Brescia, assault of, 67.
Bresse ceded to France, 445.
Briçonnet, Bishop of Meaux, 307.
Brille seized by ‘Beggars of the Sea,’ 339, 413;
handed over to Elizabeth, 366.
Brindisi occupied by Venice, 24.
Brissac yields Paris to Henry IV., 437.
Brisson, death, 434.
(2) Louis XII., 34.
Brouage, fall of, 423.
Brunswick, House of, in Luneburg and Wolfenbüttel, 167.
Brussels, Union of, 351.
Buchhurst, Lord, 372.
Buda, battle of, 214.
Bugey ceded to France, 445.
Bundschuh, the, 116, 176.
Buoncompagno, Cardinal. See Gregory XIII.
Burgrave, Daniel de, secretary to Leicester, 368.
Burgundy, Mary, heiress of, 126.
Burleigh, Lord, 414.
Buys, Paul, 368.
Cadiz, Sack of, 383.
Cajetan, Cardinal, Papal Legate, 156.
Calabria, 40.
Calais taken by Duke of Guise, 255;
taken by Archduke Albert, 440.
Calvin, John, early life, 272;
at Geneva, 273 ff.
Cambray, Capitulation of, 439;
League of, 63;
Peace of, 193.
Camerino in hands of Giulio Cæsare Varano, 50;
occupied by Cæsar Borgia, 52.
Campeggio, Legate of Clement VII., 170.
Cappel, battle of, 203;
second Treaty of, 203.
Capitanata, the, 42.
Capitulations signed by Charles V., 134.
Capponi, Nicolo, re-establishes Florentine republic, 189.
Capua, fall of, 41.
Caraffa and the Counter-Reformation, 262. See Paul IV.
Caravaggio, 37.
Carberry Hill, battle of, 339.
Cardona, Raymond de, commands army of Holy League, 67;
loses battle of Ravenna, 68.
Carlos, Don, mystery of, 281 ff.;
proposal for marriage of, 407.
Carlotta of Naples, 35.
Carranza, Archbishop of Toledo, 280.
Castellaneta, 44.
Castile, constitutional privileges of, 92, 299;
centralising policy of Ferdinand and Isabella, 93;
social cleavages in, 137;
protests of Cortes to Charles V., 138;
unsuccessful revolt, 140 ff.;
loss of liberties, 144.
—— Isabella of. See Isabella.
Catalonia, 46.
Cateau Cambrésis, Treaty of, 257.
Caterina Sforza. See Sforza.
Catherine. See Medici and Navarre.
Cecil, Sir Thomas, Governor of Brille, 366.
—— Lord Burleigh, 414.
Cerdagne, cession of, 7.
Cerignola, battle of, 45.
Cerisoles, battle of, 216.
Cesena, surprise of, 56.
‘Chambres mi-parties,’ 421, 424, 443.
Champagny, brother of Granvella, 357.
Chandieu, a Swiss leader, 45.
Charles III., Duke of Savoy. See Savoy.
Governor of Netherlands, alliance with Francis I., 78;
King of Spain, 82;
Peace of Noyon, 82;
character of, 130;
early difficulties in Spain, 137 ff.;
disputes with Diet of Worms, 145 ff.;
attitude to Luther, 159;
leagued with Henry VIII. and
Leo X., 160;
with Adrian VI., Milan, Genoa, Florence, and Venice, 164;
Spanish sympathies, 165;
attitude towards Luther, 171 ff.;
success in Italy; alliance with Henry VIII., 172 ff.;
makes Treaty of Madrid, 183;
opposed by League of Cognac, 184;
his success over Clement, 186;
makes Treaty of Barcelona, 192;
makes Treaty of Cambray, 193;
conciliatory policy in Italy, 194;
crowned by Pope at Bologna, 195;
forced to procrastinate in Germany, makes peace of Nuremberg; repulses Solyman; leaves Germany, 204;
his difficulties, 205;
negotiations and quarrel with Francis, 207;
tries to win over the Protestants, 213;
alliance with Henry VIII., 215;
holds Diet of Spires, 216;
Treaty of Crespi, 217;
secures various princes, 222;
issues ban against recalcitrants, 224;
arrangement with Ferdinand as to succession, 235;
failure of ecclesiastical policy, and of political schemes, 236 ff.;
agrees to Treaty of Passau, 243;
ill-success against France, 244;
Diet of Augsburg, 247;
policy in Netherlands, 317 ff.;
abdication, 250;
death, character of, 251 ff.
Charles VIII., Accession of, 5;
betrothed to Margaret of Hapsburg, but marries Anne of Brittany, 6;
makes treaties of Naples, Senlis, and Barcelona, 7;
claims on Naples, 15;
invades Italy, 17, 22;
retreats, 22, 24;
death, 25.
—— IX., Accession, 398;
declared of age, 406;
jealous of Anjou, 410;
supports Coligny, 411 ff.;
massacre of St. Bartholomew, 414 ff.;
death, 420.
—— of Guise. See Guise.
Charron joins in massacre of St. Bartholomew, 414.
Châtillon, Odet, Cardinal of, 393.
Chaves, Fray Diego de, 307, 309.
Chièvres, 138;
attitude towards Luther, 158;
death of, 164.
Chimay, son of Duke of Aerschot, surrenders Bruges, 362.
Chinchon, Archbishop of Saragossa, 301.
—— Count de, 309.
Circles of German Empire, 114.
Città di Castello, 53.
Claude, daughter of Louis XII., 34, 42, 61, 78.
—— of Guise. See Guise.
vacillation of, 172, 174;
concludes Holy League of Cognac with Francis, Sforza, Venice, and Florence, 184;
obliged to submit to Monçada, but breaks terms, 185;
sack of Rome by Germans, 186;
captivity, 187;
selfish policy, final reconciliation with Charles, 192;
cites Henry’s cause to Rome, 193;
defensive alliance against Charles, 194;
crowns Charles at Bologna, 195;
refuses a General Council, 199;
death, 207.
—— VIII., 440.
Cleves, Duke of, claims Gueldres, 214;
forced to resign pretensions, 216.
Cœworden, capitulation of, 381.
Cognac ceded to Huguenots, 410;
Holy League of, 184.
Coligny, Gaspard de, Admiral, defence of St. Quentin, 255;
in power, 340;
connected with Bourbons, 393;
deprived of governorship of Picardy, 395;
joins Condé, 402;
retires on Orleans, 405;
opposes pacification of Amboise, 406;
in supreme command, 408;
defeated at Moncontour, 409;
expedition, Peace of St. Germain, 410;
his foreign policy adopted by court, 411;
attempted assassination, 414;
death of, 415.
Cologne, Hermann von der Wied, Archbishop of, 132;
becomes protestant, 211;
resigns, 227.
—— Diet of, 114.
Colonna, Prospero, Milanese commander, 79.
Columbus, Bartholomew, 100.
—— Christopher, difficulties in obtaining assistance, 99;
his discoveries and rule in Hispaniola, 100 ff.
Comuneros, revolt of, 137144.
Condé, Louis of (a Bourbon), 392;
tried for conspiracy, 397;
appeals to arms, 402;
taken prisoner, 405;
pacification of Amboise, 406;
defeat at Jarnac, death, 408.
—— Henry of, in hands of Catherine, 415;
connected with ‘Politiques,’ 418;
escape of, 420;
comes to terms with Catherine, 421.
Condottieri, their influence, 713.
Constance, Diet of, 62, 114.
Contarini, 212.
Coqueville, 335.
Corbeil, occupation of, 434.
Cordova, Gonzalvo de, Spanish general in Italian war, 24, 4348;
character of, 48.
Cortona, department of Florence, 9.
—— Cardinal of, 172.
Cosimo. See Medici.
Cossé, Marshal de, 420.
Courtras, battle of, 431.
Creil, occupation of, 434.
Cremona, 36.
Crespy, Treaty of, 217.
Cruzada, a, 294.
Culmbach, Albert Alcibiades of, See Brandenburg.
Custrin, John of, Margrave of the Neumark, joins Charles, 222.