Damville. See Montmorenci.
D’Andelot connected with Bourbons, 393;
joins Condé, 402;
death, 409.
Del Nero, Bernardo, enemy of Savonarola, 29;
executed, 30.
Del Rio, 333.
Deventer made burgomaster of Utrecht by Leicester, 368.
—— surrender of, 371;
reduction of, 380.
Deza, Diego, 288.
Dieci, the, 26, 459.
Diet of Empire, construction of, 107;
chief Diets in period—Worms (1495), 109;
Augsburg (1500), 111;
Constance (1507), 114;
Trèves and Cologne (1512), 114;
Worms (1521), 145;
Nuremberg (1523), 167;
Spires (1526), 196;
second (1529), 197;
Augsburg (1530), 198;
Ratisbon (1532), 204;
second (1541), 212;
Worms (1545), 221;
Augsburg (1547), 230;
second session (1550), 234;
Augsburg (1555), 247.
Diois given to Cæsar Borgia, 35.
Diu, battle of, 87.
Djem, brother of Bajazet II., 20.
D’O, 425, 435.
Doesburg, reduction of, 370.
Doria, Andrea, carries over Genoa to Francis; affronted with Francis, makes terms with Prince of Orange, 190;
establishes independent republic in Genoa, commands fleet against Barbarossa, 206.
—— John Andrew, at Lepanto, 294.
Doullens, battle of, fall of, 439.
Dragut, 285.
Drake, Sir Francis, 374.
Dreux, battle of, 405.
Duplessis-Mornay, 418.
Eboli, Ruy Gomez de Silva, Prince of, 304 ff.;
advises clemency towards Flemings, 331.
—— Princess of, 306, 308.
Egmont, Lamoral, Count of, wins battle of Gravelines, 256;
his reputation, 320;
joins in opposition to Philip, 324;
rallies to government, 328;
declines to support William of Orange in arms, 330;
arrested, 333;
executed, 335.
—— Egmont, Count, son of former, 357.
Eleanora of Portugal, sister of Charles V., second marriage arranged with Francis, 183, 193.
Elizabeth of England, Treaty of Cateau Cambrésis, 257;
foreign policy of, 339 ff.;
offer of sovereignty of Netherlands, 347;
marriage negotiations with Anjou, 360;
sends Leicester to Netherlands, 366 ff.;
orders execution of Mary Queen of Scots; altercations with Dutch, 371 ff.;
policy of, 373 ff.;
Armada, 373 ff.;
leagued with Henry IV. against Spain, 383;
alliance with Huguenots, 405;
gives up claim to Calais, 406;
negotiations with France and Netherlands, 412 ff.;
marriage negotiations, 426;
attempts to obtain Calais from Philip in exchange for Brille and Flushing, 445.
—— of France, marriage of, 279;
death of, 412.
Enghien, Count of, 216.
Épernon, a favourite of Henry III., 425, 438, 440.
Erasmus, Desiderius, 151 ff.
Ernest, Archduke, in Netherlands, 382;
proposed as King of France, 435;
death, 383.
—— Duke of Luneburg, 167.
Escovedo, Secretary to Don John, murdered, 306, 353.
Espinosa, Bishop of Siguença, Cardinal and Secretary, Grand Inquisitor, 281, 288;
influence with Philip, 305 ff.
Essek, battle of, 208.
Estampes, Madame d’, 217.
Estates-General of France at Tours (1506), 62;
at Orleans and Pointoise (1560–1), 397, 398;
at Blois (1577), 423;
at Blois (1588), 431;
of 1593, 435. See Appendix I., 453.
Este, House of, 9.
—— Ercole I., Marquis of Ferrara, 50.
—— Alfonso, marries Lucrecia Borgia, 51.
—— Ercole II., 259.
Estrées, Gabrielle d’, 440.
Étaples, Treaty of, 7.
Excusado, an, 294.
Faber, Peter, 263.
Faenza, 50, 56, 64.
Famagusta, fall of, 294.
Farel, William, of Dauphiné, 273.
Farnese, Alexander. See Parma.
—— Paul. See Paul III.
—— Ottavio, his grandson, 215;
Charles promises him Parma and Piacenza, 221;
refuses to appoint him Stadtholder of Milan, 227;
in possession of Parma, 237, 259.
—— Pierluigi, granted Parma and Piacenza by Paul, anti-imperialist, death, 231.
Federigo. See Naples.
Ferdinand of Aragon makes second Treaty of Blois, 61;
on Joanna’s madness secures Castile, 62;
Holy League, 67;
Treaty of Mechlin, 75;
peace with France, 76;
a member of counter-league, 78;
death, 82;
policy, 92;
Church reform, 94.
—— of Austria obtains Austria, marriage of, 145;
assists in Italian campaign, 177;
sends Frundsberg to help Charles, 186;
elected King of the Romans, 203;
defeated at Essek, 208;
at Laufen, 210;
at Buda, 214;
arrangement with Charles as to succession; dissatisfaction of, 235;
neutral position of, 242 ff.;
manages affairs at Augsburg, 247;
becomes Emperor, 250.
Federigo of Naples, 24;
capitulates, 41.
Feria, Duke of, 435.
Fermo, Oliveretto da, 53.
—— occupation of, 52.
Ferrante I. of Naples, his cruelty and abdication, 12.
—— II. of Naples, driven from Naples, returns, but dies, 21, 24.
—— Duke of Calabria, 41.
Ferrara, House of Este in, 9;
birthplace of Savonarola, 25.
—— ceded to the Pope, 259.
Fivizzano, sack of, 19.
Fleix, Peace of, 424.
Florence, constitution of, 9 (and see Appendix II.);
leagued against France, 15, 78;
submits to Charles VIII., expels Piero, 19;
refuses to join League of Venice, 22;
reforms constitution, 26;
Medici restored to, 71;
Medici driven out and a republic re-established, 189;
siege of, Alessandro reinstated, 194;
under Cosimo, 259.
Flushing held by Dutch, commercial results of, 365;
handed over to Elizabeth, 366.
Foix, Germaine de, betrothal of, 62;
heiress to Gaston, 73.
—— Gaston de, 46;
commands in Italian wars, 67;
death in battle of Ravenna, 68, 69.
—— Catherine de, Queen of Navarre, 73.
Fontaine-Française, 439.
Fontarabia, 46.
Forest Cantons, the, 118. See Swiss Confederation.
Fornovo, battle of, 23.
Fossombrone, engagement of, 53.
France, under Louis XII., 90;
under Francis I., 219;
after civil wars, 447;
constitution of, 5. And see Appendix I.
Francesco and Francesco Maria Sforza. See Sforza.
Francis I. of Angoulême, King of France, 71;
Treaties with Venice, England, and Charles, 78;
Italian expedition of, 78;
makes Peace of Noyon, 82, and Treaty of London, 83;
character of, 129;
taken prisoner at Pavia, 175;
signs Treaty of Madrid, 183;
joins Holy League of Cognac, 184;
allies himself with Henry VIII., 187;
sends army to Italy, 188;
makes Treaty of Cambrai, 193;
commercial Treaty with Solyman, 207;
invades Italy, 208;
truce of Nice, 209;
war with Charles, Treaty of Crespi, 216;
death, character, 218 ff.
—— II., marriage, position of affairs at accession of, 258, 391;
death, 397.
—— See Guise and Montmorenci.
Franco-Gallia, the, 418.
Frederick I., Elector-Palatine, 113.
—— II., 167, 227.
Frederick the Wise. See Saxony.
Fresneda, Fray Bernardo de, 309.
Friedwald, Treaty of, 330.
Friuli, 36, 65.
Frundsberg, an imperialist leader, 186.
Fuentes, Governor in Netherlands, 383;
defeats Turenne, 439.
Gaëta, siege of, 47.
Galeazzo Maria Sforza. See Sforza.
Gandia, Duke of, a Borgia, 35.
Garigliano, battle of, 47.
Gaston. See Foix.
Gattinara, 220, 221.
Gelnhausen, compact of, 112.
Gemblours, battle of, 355.
Genazzano, Fra Mariano da, 30.
Geneva, position of, 273;
Calvin at, 274 ff.
Genlis, Count of, defeated before Mons, 341, 414.
George of Saxony. See Saxony.
Gérard, Balthazar, 362.
Germaine. See Foix.
Gertruydenberg, siege of, 383.
Gex, ceded to France, 445.
Ghent, revolt and submission of, 209.
Gian Galeazzo Sforza. See Sforza.
Giovanni. See Medici and Sforza.
Giulio. See Medici.
Goletta, storming of, 206.
Gonzaga, House of, 9.
—— Imperial Stadtholder at Milan, 231.
Granada, Treaty of, 40.
Granvelle, Cardinal, influence with Philip, 308 ff.;
in Netherlands, 321, 323.
Gravamina, the hundred, 168.
Grave, surrender of, 370.
Gravelines, battle of, 256.
Gravina, Duke of (Orsini), 53.
Gregory XIII., 270;
attempts to mediate between Philip II. and Antonio, 298.
Gröningen, betrayal of, 358;
fall of, 383.
Gruet, executed at Geneva, 274.
Guasto, Marquis de, 216, 237.
Guerrero, Pedro, Archbishop of Granada, 288.
Guidobaldo, Duke of Urbino, 56.
Guinnegate, battle of, 76.
Guise, family of, 393.
—— Claude, Duke of, 393.
—— John, Cardinal, brother of Claude, 267, 392.
Guise, Mary, sister of Claude, Regent of Scotland, 215.
—— Francis, Duke of, success at Metz, 244;
advises war, 252;
defeated in Italy, 254;
takes Calais, 256;
falls from power, 397;
enters Paris and secures person of king, 401;
death, 406.
—— Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine, brother of Francis, 393, 407, 422.
—— Louis, Cardinal of Lorraine, brother of Francis, 393.
—— Henry, Duke of, holds Poictiers, 409;
joins in plot for murder of Coligny, and in massacre of St. Bartholomew, 414;
position of, 422;
heads Catholic League, 427;
enters Paris, death, 431.
—— Charles, Duke of, 435;
reconciled to Henry IV., 438;
takes Marseilles, 440.
—— Louis, Cardinal of, brother of Duke Henry, executed, 431.
Guisnes, scene of ‘Field of Cloth of Gold,’ 136.
Güns, repulse of Solyman at, 204.
Haarlem, sack of, 342.
Hapsburg, House of, Sigismund of Tyrol, 123.
—— Maximilian, betrothed to Anne of Brittany, 6;
war with Charles VIII., makes treaty of Senlis, 7;
Italian expedition, 28;
wishes to maintain Treaty of Lyons, 61;
a member of League of Cambray, 63;
signs Treaty of Mechlin, 76;
leagued against France, 79;
accepts Peace of Noyon, 83;
election of, 106;
attitude to reforms of Empire, 110;
position abroad, 113;
defeated by Swiss, 123;
dynastic policy of, 124;
character of, 126;
death of, 127.
—— Philip, Archduke, son of Maximilian, marriage of, 42.
—— Charles, son of Archduke. See Charles V.
—— Ferdinand, brother of Charles V., 145. See Ferdinand of Austria.
—— Joanna, daughter of Charles V., regent of Castile, 251.
—— Margaret, daughter of Maximilian, governess of Netherlands, 92. See Margaret.
Hapsburg, Albert, Cardinal Archduke. See Albert.
—— Ernest, Archduke, brother of Emperor Rudolf. See Ernest.
—— Maximilian II., son of Ferdinand, 446.
—— Rudolf II., son of Maximilian II., 446.
Havre ceded to Elizabeth, 405;
fall of, 406.
Hayraddin, Huroc. See Barbarossa.
Heiligerlee, battle of, 335.
Henry II. of France, war in Italy, 237;
alliance with Maurice and Protestants, 239;
campaign in France, 254;
Peace of Cateau Cambrésis, 257;
persecution of Huguenots, 389;
death, 257, 391.
Henry III. (see Anjou) succeeds his brother, 420;
refuses sovereignty of Netherlands, 366, 427;
yields to League, 429;
has Duke of Guise murdered;
on revolt of League turns to Navarre;
death, 431.
Henry IV. succeeds Antony of Navarre, 405;
his possessions, 412;
in hands of Catherine, 415;
connected with ‘Politiques,’ 417;
escapes, 420;
heir-presumptive, 426;
supported by ‘Politiques,’ 429;
his success, 429 ff.;
reconciliation with Henry III., 432;
struggle for the crown, 433;
‘conversion,’ 436;
war with Spain, 438 ff.;
leagued with Elizabeth and Netherlands, 383;
negotiations with Philip, 384, 442;
treatment of Huguenots, 442 ff.;
Peace of Vervins, 444;
rule and death of, 447 ff.
—— IV. of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, 167.
—— of Guise. See Guise.
—— of Montmorenci. See Montmorenci.
—— of Saxony. See Saxony.
—— VII. makes Treaty of Étaples, 7.
—— VIII. supports Holy League, 67;
Treaty of Mechlin, 75;
victory of Guinnegate, 76;
peace, 77;
Treaty of London, 83;
leagued with Charles V. and Leo X., 160;
with Charles and Adrian VI., 164;
alliance with Charles V., 173;
allies himself with France after Pavia, 181;
anxious for divorce, 187;
Clement cites the cause to Rome, 193;
change of policy and alliance with Charles, 214 ff.;
war with France, Treaty of Ardres, 216 ff.
Henry (the Navigator), 85.
—— of Portugal, 297.
Hermandad, the, 93.
Hesse, Philip, Landgrave of, puts down the Knights’ War, 169;
defeats Münzer, 176;
establishes Lutheranism, 197;
signs protest, 198;
commands forces of League of Schmalkalde, 200;
battle of Laufen; restores Duke Ulrich; opposes John of Leyden, 210;
leader in Schmalkaldic War, 226 ff.;
submission and imprisonment, 229;
freed by Treaty of Passau, 243.
Hessels, 333.
Hohenlo, 364, 371.
Hohenzollern, House of, 166. See Brandenburg.
Holy League, the, 67, 70;
forces Venice to restore Medici, 71;
breaks up, 73.
Hoogstraten, 335.
Hoorne, Count, an opponent of Philip’s policy in Netherlands, 324;
rallies to government, 328;
arrested, 333;
executed, 335.
Hotman, author of Franco-Gallia, 418.
Howard, Lord, of Effingham, in command against Armada, 377.
Huguenots, early history of, 389 ff.;
origin of name, 391;
condition of, in 1561, 398;
Edict of January, 399;
massacre of Vassy, 401;
geographical distribution of, 403;
peace of St. Germain, 410;
massacre of, on St. Bartholomew, 414;
change in party; writings, 418;
federative republics, 419;
peace of Monsieur, 421;
altered position of, 429;
obtain Edict of Nantes, 442.
Hulst, reduction of, 380.
Humières organises League Péronne, 422.
Hutten, Ulrich von, 169.