Tyre, the great commercial city on the coast of Phoenice, ii, 86.

Ulysses (Odysseus), son of Laertes of Ithaca, the shrewdest of the Greek heroes at Troy, iii, 97; the hero of the Odyssey, i, 113.

Varro, Gaius Terentius, consul (216) with Paulus, responsible for the disaster at Cannae, iii, 114.

Venus (Aphrodite), the goddess of beauty and love; of Cos, iii, 10.

Veseris, a little stream near Mount Vesuvius; scene of the battle of Manlius Torquatus and the elder Decius, iii, 112.

Veturius; Titus Veturius Calvinus, consul with Spurius Postumius (321) at the Caudine Forks, iii, 109.

Vice, luxurious living, i, 123; sensual pleasure, i, 102, 104-106, 122-123; ii, 37; avarice, ii, 77; extravagance, i, 140; misrepresentation, i, 150; untruth, i, 150; corrected by observing others, i, 146; by the criticism of the wise, i, 147.

Viriathus, ii, 40.

Virtue, defined, ii, 18; chief function of, ii, 17; the four Cardinal Virtues described, i, 15-17; the sources of moral rectitude, i, 152; iii, 96; Nature's leadings to, i, 100; endangered by sensual pleasure, ii, 37; rulers chosen for, ii, 41.

Vocation, choice of, i, 115-120; change of, i, 120-121; vulgar and liberal, i, 150-152.

Volscians, a people of lower Latium, subdued (303), given full citizenship (188), i, 35.

War, rights of, to be enforced, i, 34; Cato's son, i, 36-37; excuse for war, i, 35, 80; justice in war, i, 38; war for supremacy, i, 38; for glory, i, 38; needless cruelty, i, 82.

Wealth, Theophrastus on, ii, 56; insatiable thirst for, i, 25; why sought, i, 25-27; the real good of wealth, ii, 56; see Riches.

Wisdom, the first of the Cardinal Virtues, i, 15-19; most important, i, 153; ii, 6; absolute, iii, 16; and propriety, i, 94, 100; vs. Justice, i, 152-157, 160; confounded with cunning, ii, 10; iii, 72, 96; in Epicurus's system, iii, 117.

Wit, kinds of, i, 103-104; representatives of, i, 108.

Xanthippus, a Spartan soldier of fortune, whose generalship defeated Regulus, iii, 99.

Xenocrates, of Chalcedon (396-314), a pupil of Plato, president of the Academy, industrious and severe, i, 109.

Xenophon, soldier, historian, disciple of Socrates, ii, 87; the story of Hercules's choice, i, 118.

Xerxes, king of Persia (485-465), son of Darius, invaded Greece (480), came to grief at Salamis and Plataea, iii, 48.

Youth, duties peculiar to, i, 123; ii, 52; time for choosing profession, i, 117.

Zeno, of Cytium (fourth century), pupil of Crates the Cynic and founder of the Stoic school (see Stoics), iii, 35.