Helen, statue of, at Constantinople, ii. 140.
Helena, St., her piety, i. 2.
Pious pilgrimage of, i. 27.
Helian, his speech against the Venetians, iii. 200.
Hemingford, Walter, the chronicler, iii. 472.
Henry II., king of England, urged to join the Crusaders, i. 411.
Determines on renewing the holy war, i. 438.
His quarrels with the king of France, i. 440.
His convocation at the Fountain of the Clerks, London, iii. 394 (App.).
—— III., ascends the throne of England, ii. 216.
Refuses to assist the Crusaders, ii. 352.
His opposition to the pope and his barons, ii. 394.
—— VI. of Germany engages in the fourth crusade, ii. 13 et seq.
Conquers Naples and Sicily, ii. 20.
Progress of his armies in Palestine, ii. 22 et seq.
Death of, ii. 31;
and character, ii. 34 and n.
—— VIII. of England, policy of, iii. 219.
—— count of Champagne, Palestine ceded to, i. 501.
Accidental death of, ii. 17.
——, landgrave of Thuringia, crowned emperor of Germany, ii. 353
—— of Hainault, his bravery, ii. 169, ii. 170.
Heracle, count de Polignac, i. 88.
Heraclius captures Jerusalem, i. 4.
His interview with Henry II., king of England, i. 411.
Hercules, statue of, at Constantinople, ii. 130.
Heresies of the thirteenth century, ii. 198.
Papal crusade against, ii. 199.
Hezas, emir of, i. 181.
Allies himself with the Crusaders, and defeats the sultan of Aleppo, i. 182.
Hezelon de Kintzveiler, prophetic vision of, i. 234.
Hildebrand, Pope, pretensions of, i. 39.
History, writers of, i. xxii.
Difficulties of reconciling, i. xxiii.
Progress of, during the period of the crusades, iii. 341.
Holy Land, pilgrimages to the, i. 1-3; iii. 248, iii. 249, iii. 349 et seq.
Letter of Innocent III. exhorting Christians to the aid of, iii. 447 (App.).
See Palestine.
—— See, political contentions with the, ii. 208, ii. 209.
Its quarrels with Frederick, emperor of Germany, ii. 270, ii. 281, ii. 292.
See Popes.
—— Sepulchre, veneration for the, i. 1.
Melancholy spectacle of its ruins, i. 20.
Pilgrimages to the, i. 21.
Knights of the, i. 308.
Honorius III., Pope, ii. 215.
Urges the sixth crusade, ii. 216.
Death of, ii. 269.
Horses, four, of bronze, carried to Venice, ii. 182.
Hospitals for pilgrims of the Latin Church, i. 10, i. 16, i. 22, i. 23.
Hospitallers, possessions and power of, ii. 9.
Their quarrels with the Templars, ii. 9, ii. 10; iii. 2.
Their exploits, iii. 98.
Anecdote of the, iii. 299.
Hugh of Lusignan, king of Cyprus, iii. 111, iii. 112.
——, count of Jaffa, i. 313.
Death of, i. 315.
Humbert II., count of Savoy, departs for the Holy Land, i. 249.
Historical notices of, i. 250.
—— II., dauphin of Viennois, takes the cross for the holy war, iii. 111.
—— de Romanis, curious document issued by, iii. 60, iii. 61.
Humphrey de Thoron, i. 413.
His pretensions to the throne of Jerusalem, i. 470.
Hungarians, their origin, i. 62.
Oppose the progress of the Crusaders, i. 65 et seq., i. 68, i. 71.
Conquered by the Tartars, ii. 323.
Hungary, political state of, ii. 230.
The Crusaders of, defeated by Bajazet, iii. 128.
Invaded by the Turks, iii. 166, iii. 187.
The Turks defeated, iii. 187.
Invaded by Soliman, iii. 214;
and the Hungarians defeated, iii. 215.
Weakened condition of, iii. 218.
Enters into a treaty of peace with the Turks, ib.
Hunniades, the Hungarian, a leader of the Crusaders, iii. 137.
Is defeated by Amurath, iii. 142.
Valour of, iii. 166, iii. 167.
His death, iii. 167.
I.
Ibu-Ferat, the Arabian historian, iii. 63, 64 n.
Iconium, city of, i. 116.
Taken by Barbarossa, i. 448.
Ida, countess of Hainault, heroic devotion of, i. 246.
——, margravine of Austria, i. 249.
Iftikhar-Eddanlah, governor of Jerusalem, his hostilities against the Crusaders, i. 204.
Imamat, rights of the, iii. 414.
Imbert de Beaujeu, constable of France, ii. 402.
Indulgences, sale of, iii. 210.
Industry, progress of, during the period of the crusades, iii. 251, iii. 328 et seq.
Infidels. See Mohammedans, Saracens, and Turks.
Ingulfus, the monk, his account of the pilgrimage to Jerusalem, i. 30 and n.
Innocent III., the great instigator of the fifth crusade, ii. 38 et seq.
His quarrel with Philip of France, ii. 42.
His reproaches against the Crusaders at Zara, ii. 73.
His letter, ii. 153.
His efforts to stimulate the Crusaders, ii. 191, ii. 203, ii. 213.
His crusade against the Albigeois, ii. 199 and n.
His political domination, ii. 208, ii. 209.
Assembles the council of Lateran, ii. 210.
His sermon on the occasion, ii. 211.
His death and character, ii. 214, ii. 215.
Letter from, exhorting Christians to the aid of the Holy Laud, iii. 447 (App.).
—— IV., disturbances under his reign, ii. 296.
Convokes the council of Lyons, ii. 335.
Determines on the seventh crusade, ii. 338..
Excommunicates Frederick, emperor of Germany, ii. 341.
Deposes him, ii. 353.
Protracted contests between them, ii. 354 et seq.
Levies excessive contributions on Europe, ii. 358.
Encourages the preaching of a fresh crusade, ii. 464.
His character, ii. 490, ii. 491.
Inquisition established in Spain, iii. 267.
Its power, iii. 271.
Isaac Angelus, the emperor of Constantinople, i. 445.
Forms an alliance with Saladin, i. 446.
Deposed by Alexius Angelus, ii. 63-65.
Reinstated by the Crusaders, ii. 93.
His imbecility and bigotry, ii. 108.
His death, ii. 119.
—— Comnenus, dispossessed of Cyprus, i. 475.
Isabella of Constantinople, death of, ii. 192.
Isidorus, Cardinal, bravery of, iii. 154.
Islamism. See Mohammedanism.
Ismaëlians, the assassins of Syria and Persia, their dangerous character, i. 304-306; iii. 425.
Account of their origin and history, iii. 414-431 (App.).
Their possessions, iii. 424.
Various sects and classes of, iii. 420, iii. 421, iii. 428.
Their religious dogmas, iii. 429.
Italy, zeal of, awakened in favour of the crusades, i. 84.
War of factions in, ii. 269; iii. 190.
Invaded by Frederick, emperor of Germany, and devastated by civil war, ii. 293, ii. 296.
State of, and changes during the age of the crusades, iii. 261.
Republics of, iii. 263.
The clergy and nobility lose their influence in the cities, iii. 284.
Her extensive commerce during the middle ages, iii. 327.
Progress of architecture in, iii. 332.
Literature of Greece introduced into, iii. 338.
“Itinerary” of the early pilgrims from Bordeaux to Jerusalem, composed A.D. 333, iii. 351 et seq.
J.
Jacob of Hungary instigates the Crusaders, ii. 462.
Is killed, ii. 463.
Jacques d’Avesnes slain, i. 487.
—— de Maillé, his bravery and death, i. 415, i. 416.
Jaffa, entrance of the Genoese fleet into the port of, i. 211.
Captured by Richard I., i. 489.
Taken by the Mussulmans, ii. 17.
The garrison surprised and massacred by the Saracens, ii. 31 and n.
Captured by the sultan of Cairo, iii. 16.
Great expense of fortifying by Louis IX., ib. n.
Battle of, iii. 396 (App.).
Jago, the patron saint of Galicia, i. 21.
James, king of Arragon, engages in the holy war, iii. 29, iii. 30.
—— of Vitri preaches the sixth crusade, ii. 207.
Jane, queen of Sicily, i. 475.
Jebusees, Jerusalem the ancient capital of the, i. 203.
Jehoshaphat, valley of, i. 21.
Jem-jem. See Zizim.
Jericho, palms of, i. 21.
Jerusalem, taken by the Crusaders, i. xx.
Retaken by the infidels, ib.
Reverence for, by the early Christians, i. 2.
A peaceful asylum for them, i. 3.
Captured and profaned by the Fire Worshippers, ib.
Recaptured by Heraclius, i. 4.
Conquered by the Saracens, i. 6.
Christian cemetery at, i. 10, i. 11.
Retaken by the Fatimite caliphs, i. 16.
Christians driven from, i. 19.
Pious pilgrimages to, i. 21, i. 24, i. 29, i. 30.
Hospitals at, i. 23.
Possessed by the Turks, i. 32.
The Christians commence their march towards, i. 196.
Antiquity and early history of, i. 203.
Description of, i. 204.
The enthusiasm of the Crusaders on the first view of, i. 102.
Besieged, i. 205 et seq.
Indignities heaped upon the Christian inhabitants of, i. 207.
Obstinate defence of, i. 218 et seq.
The Crusaders take it by storm, i. 221-225.
Great slaughter, i. 224, i. 225.
Pious fervour of the Christian army at, i. 226, i. 227.
Wealth found in, i. 229.
Godfrey de Bouillon elected king, i. 234.
Rejoicings of the Christians of the East, and despair of the Mussulmans at the conquest of, i. 236, i. 237.
State of the kingdom of, at the time of the Crusaders, i. 266.
The various authorities for compiling the history of, i. 267 n.
Visited by numerous pilgrims, i. 269.
Legislative code for governing the kingdom of, i. 271-273.
Death of its king, Godfrey, and election of his brother Baldwin, i. 274.
Quarrels between Baldwin and the patriarch, i. 285.
Death of Baldwin, i. 294.
Baldwin du Bourg elected his successor, i. 296.
Death of Baldwin du Bourg, i. 310.
Foulque of Anjou crowned king, i. 311.
His death, i. 316.
Baldwin III. ascends the throne of, i. 316.
Threatened by Noureddin, i. 328.
Sinister prognostics respecting, ib.
Christendom aroused to a second crusade by the impending danger of, i. 329.
Visited by numerous pilgrims, i. 269.
Death of Baldwin III., i. 384.
Amaury, his brother, elected king, i. 386.
His death, i. 399.
Distracted state of, i. 407 et seq.
Deaths of Baldwin IV. and V., i. 412.
Guy de Lusignan elected king, i. 413.
Civil contests and tottering state of, i. 414 et seq.
The king made prisoner, i. 422.
Besieged by Saladin, i. 426.
Prognostics of its fall, i. 435.
Disputes respecting the sovereignty of, i. 470, i. 476, i. 477.
Treaty between Richard I. and Saladin, i. 500.
—— governed by the successors of Saladin, ii. 3 and n.
Political state of, ii. 192, ii. 193.
Frederick, emperor of Germany, acknowledged to be king of, ii. 267, ii. 278.
Agitations of, ii. 279, ii. 282.
Quarrels with the patriarch, ii. 279.
Religious worship suspended, ii. 280.
Captured by the Carismian hordes, and the Christians slaughtered, ii. 326, ii. 327.
Possessed by the Egyptians, ii. 331.
Jerusalem, three pretenders to the throne of, iii. 63.
Pilgrimages to, and various treaties for protecting the Christians of, iii. 249.
A spirit of resignation takes the place of the enthusiasm of the Crusaders, iii. 250 and n.
“Itinerary” to, from Bordeaux, iii. 351 (App.).
Massacres on the taking of, by the Christians, iii. 359.
Acts of the council of Naplouse for reforming the Christians of, iii. 367.
Letter from Saladin, detailing his conquest of, iii. 372.
Sermon made at, by Mohammed Ben Zeky, iii. 376.
——, “Assizes of,” i. 271-273.
“Jerusalem delivered” of Tasso, more wonderful than that of the “Iliad”, i. 258.
Jesus Christ, pretended visions respecting, i. 191.
Alleged miraculous communication to the Crusaders, i. 164, i. 165.
The “true cross” of, found at Jerusalem, i. 230.
Jews, massacred and persecuted by the Crusaders, i. 19, i. 70, i. 341.
Destruction of, at Jerusalem, i. 228.
Joannice, the Tartar leader, ii. 166.
Defeats the Latins, ii. 167, ii. 169.
John, king of England, engages in the sixth crusade, ii. 209.
——, king of France, taken captive at the battle of Poictiers, iii. 112.
Engages in a fresh crusade, iii. 113, iii. 114.
—— of Austria defeats the Turks at the naval battle of Lepanto, iii. 226.
—— of Brienne, ii. 193.
Accepts the young queen of Jerusalem in marriage, ii. 194, ii. 195.
Joinville, seneschal de, the historian of the seventh crusade, ii. 371, et passim.
Bravery of, ii. 410.
Taken prisoner, ii. 429.
Excellence and style of his narration, ii. 481.
Anecdote of, ii. 483.
Declines to join the second crusade undertaken by Louis IX., iii. 25.
Jordan, waters of the, i. 21.
Josselin de Courtenay, family of, i. 282.
Defeated and taken prisoner, i. 283.
His release, i. 285.
As count of Edessa he supports the election of Baldwin du Bourg to the kingdom of Jerusalem, ib.
Made prisoner by the Turks, i. 296.
His escape, i. 297.
Death of, i. 320.
——, son of the preceding, succeeds to the county of Edessa, i. 321.
Loses Edessa, i. 324.
Dies a prisoner at Aleppo, i. 379.
—— de Montmorency slain, i. 481.
Josseraut de Brançon, bravery of, ii. 416.
His death, ib.
Jourdain, M., his letter on the “Assassins” of Syria, iii. 413.
On the crusade of children in 1212, iii. 441.
Judæa, the promised land, i. 1.
See Palestine.
Judicial combat in the middle ages, iii. 313.
Julian, emperor, undertakes to rebuild the temple, i. 2.
——, cardinal, preaches in favour of a fresh crusade, iii. 137, iii. 139.
Is slain, iii. 143.
Julius II., his speech at the council of Lateran, iii. 201.
Jurieu, the Reformer, considers the Turks as auxiliaries to the Protestants, iii. 246.
Justice, administration of, in Europe during the middle ages, iii. 311 et seq.
K.
Karacoush, minister of Saladin, i. 456 n.
Karaites, khan of the, ii. 318.
Kelaoun, the sultan of Cairo, iii. 65.
Concludes a truce with the Christians of Ptolemaïs, iii. 66.
Enters into treaties with European princes, iii. 67 and n.
Captures and destroys Tripoli, iii. 69.
His death, iii. 76.
Kerbogha, sultan of Mossoul, his siege of Antioch, i. 158 et seq.
His haughty reply to the deputies of the Crusaders, i. 168.
His magnificent encampment, i. 175.
Defeats the Crusaders, i. 252, i. 253.
Ketboga, the Mogul chief, iii. 6.
Slain, iii. 7.
Khedhrewis, a class of Ismaëlians, iii. 428.
Khothbeh, a sermon made at Jerusalem after its capture by Saladin, iii. 376.
Kilidj-Arslan, the Turkish chief, i. 97, i. 100, i. 106.
His bravery before Antioch, i. 173.
Defeats the Crusaders, i. 252, i. 253.
Knighthood of learning conferred during the middle ages, iii. 339.
Knights in the army of Peter the Hermit, i. 64 n.
—— of chivalry engage in the crusades, i. 55.
Called “The Champions of God and of Beauty,” ib.
Spirit and devotedness of the, iii. 295, 296.
Their deference to the fair sex, iii. 297.
Knowledge, state of, during the period of the crusades, iii. 337 et seq.
Koran, doctrines of the, iii. 346.
Koutouz elected sultan of Egypt, iii. 5.
Assassinated by Bibars, iii. 7.
L.
Ladislas, duke of Bohemia, i. 338.
Ladislaus, king of Poland and Hungary, engages in a fresh crusade, iii. 137.
Is defeated and slain by Amurath, iii. 142.
Lance, sacred, which pierced the side of the Redeemer, pretended discovery of the, i. 165, i. 166 and n.
Borne to battle by Raymond d’Agiles, i. 169, i. 170.
Doubts entertained of its miraculous influence, i. 176.
Offerings made to the, i. 192.
Langres, bishop of, his speech against the treachery of the Greeks, i. 349.
Lascaris chosen emperor of Constantinople, ii. 130.
His address to the Greeks, ib.
Abandons the city, ii. 131.
Proclaimed emperor at Nice, ii. 156.
Lateran, council of, convoked by Julius II., iii. 201.
By Leo X., iii. 202.
By Pope Innocent III., iii. 210.
Latins of the West, their hostility to the Greeks, and their hatred of the emperor Alexius, i. 89-92, i. 194.
Their violent disputes, ii. 113-115.
They capture Constantinople, ii. 131.
The Greeks rebel against their domination, ii. 165, ii. 166.
Decline of their empire in Greece, ii. 288.