1. Venice is
    2. Venézia
    1. much less populous than
    2. popoláto
    1. Naples.
    2. Nápoli.
    1. Lend me
    2. prestáre
    1. three thousand pounds
    2. tre[5] mila lira
    1. for a month.
    2. per mese.
    1. I have inherited
    2. avére ereditáre
    1. five hundred guineas
    2. cinque cento ghinea
    1. a year.
    2. anno.
    1. I have
    1. seven brothers
    2. sette fratéllo
    1. and two sisters
    2. due sorélla
    1. alive.
    2. vivo.
    1. The tenth
    2. diéci
    1. of next month
    2. próssimo mese
    1. I will pay you.
    2. pagáre.
    1. Judas was
    2. Giúda éssere
    1. one of the
    1. twelve apostles.
    2. dódici apóstolo.
    1. William the Third was
    2. Gugliélmo[6] terzo éssere
    1. a great conqueror.
    2. grande conquistatóre.
    1. Henry the Fourth of France
    2. Enríco quarto di Francia
    1. was
    1. a matchless warrior.
    2. incomparábile guerriêro.
    1. Pope Sixtus the Fifth
    2. Papa Sisto quinto
    1. was
    1. a great man.
    2. grande uómo.
    1. Your master has
    2. padróne avere[7]
    1. a fine country-house.
    2. bello villa.
    1. Your brother has
    2. fratello
    1. six fine dapple-bay horses.
    2. sei bello bajo pomelláto cavállo.
    1. Your uncle
    2. zio
    1. and aunt
    2. zia
    1. are
    2. éssere
    1. my dear friends.
    2. caro amíco.

    1. Our general was
    2. generále
    1. ever reputed
    2. sempre riputáre
    1. a gallant man.
    2. valoróso uómo.
    1. Solomon was
    2. Salomóne
    1. a wise king.
    2. sávio re.
    1. King George is
    2. Giórgio
    1. a religious monarch.
    2. religióso monárca.
    1. Nero was
    2. Neróne
    1. a wicked man.
    2. cattívo uómo.
    1. Crœsus
    2. Creso
    1. was reckoned
    2. stimáre
    1. a rich prince.
    2. ricco príncipe.
    1. The duke of Richmond has
    2. duca Richmond
    1. six fine grey horses.
    2. sei bello[8] leárdo cavállo.
    1. Spain is
    2. Spagna
    1. a hot country,
    2. caldo paése
    1. but Germany is
    2. ma Germánia
    1. a very cold one.
    2. freddo paése.
    1. Give me
    2. dare
    1. some cold water,
    2. freddo acqua
    1. and red wine.
    2. rosso vino.
    1. I like
    2. amáre
    1. cold weather
    2. freddo tempo
    1. better than
    1. hot.
    2. caldo.
    1. The English ladies are
    2. Inglése signóra
    1. handsomer than
    2. bella
    1. the Italian.
    2. Italiána.
    1. I always thought
    2. sempre crédere
    1. he was
    1. a troublesome man.
    2. [9]incómodo uómo.
    1. This poor man
    2. questo póvero uómo
    1. has
    2. avére
    1. crooked legs.
    2. storto gamba.
    1. Will you have
    2. avére
    1. a round hat
    2. rotóndo cappéllo
    1. or a cocked one?
    2. od a tre pizzi?
    1. There is
    1. a sickly man,
    2. ammalatíccio uómo
    1. methinks.
    2. mi pare.
    1. You are
    1. a thoughtful philosopher.
    2. pensieróso filósofo.
    1. The industrious
    2. [10]industrióso
    1. are praised,
    2. lodáre
    1. but
    2. ma
    1. the slothful
    2. pigro
    1. are despised.
    2. sprezzáre.
    1. The righteous
    2. giústo
    1. find peace
    2. trováre pace
    1. but
    1. the wicked
    2. scelleráto
    1. feel torment.
    2. sentíre torménto.

    1. The covetous
    2. aváro
    1. despise the poor,
    2. sprezzare póvero
    1. but
    2. ma
    1. the generous
    2. generóso
    1. cherish them.
    2. volére bene.
    1. The merciful
    2. misericordióso
    1. shall find mercy,
    2. trovare pietà
    1. but
    1. the cruel
    2. crudéle
    1. shall be punished.
    2. castigáre.
    1. The wise man
    2. sávio
    1. seeks wisdom,
    2. cercáre sapiénza
    1. but
    1. the fool
    2. stolto
    1. despises understanding.
    2. sprezzáre intendiménto.
    1. Give me
    2. dare
    1. some bread,
    2. [11]del pane
    1. some wine,
    2. vino
    1. some butter,
    2. butírro
    1. some cheese,
    2. cácio
    1. some boiled beef,
    2. manzo alésso
    1. some mutton,
    2. castráto
    1. some veal,
    2. vitéllo
    1. some pork,
    2. porco
    1. some pie,
    2. pastíccio
    1. some fish,
    2. pesce
    1. some mustard,
    2. mostárda
    1. some salt.
    2. sale.
    1. Go and fetch me
    2. andáre a cercáre
    1. a bit of
    2. pezzo
    1. the white bread.
    2. biánco pane.
    1. Send to market
    2. mandáre mercáto
    1. to buy me
    2. compráre
    1. ten pounds of
    2. libbra
    1. fresh butter.[12]
    2. fresco butírro.
    1. Bring directly
    2. portáre súbito
    1. six pounds of
    2. sei libbra
    1. black cherries.
    2. nero cerása.
    1. Seven hundred of
    2. sette cento
    1. fresh walnuts,
    2. noce
    1. and five pounds of
    2. cinque
    1. hazle nuts.
    2. nocciuóla.
    1. Have you been
    2. éssere stato[13]
    1. at Paris?
    1. No, but
    2. No ma
    1. I have been at
    1. Rouen:
    2. Roáno
    1. it is
    1. a fine city.
    2. bello città
    1. Did you see it?
    2. vedére
    1. Did you give
    2. dare[14]
    1. your brother
    2. fratéllo
    1. the book
    2. libro
    1. I lent you?
    2. prestáre
    1. No, I gave it
    2. dare
    1. to my sister, and
    2. sorélla
    1. she will return it to you
    2. restituíre
    1. when she has read it.
    2. léggere.

    1. Did you tell
    2. dire
    1. your father
    2. padre
    1. I was
    2. éssere
    1. in the country?
    2. campágna?
    1. No, sir, but
    1. I told my mother,
    2. dire madre
    1. it is all one.
    2. è l’istéssa cosa.
    1. God demands
    2. Iddío richiedere
    1. the pureness of
    2. purità[15]
    1. our hearts.
    2. cuóre.
    1. We ought to die
    2. dovére moríre
    1. for the service of
    2. servízio
    1. our princes.
    2. príncipe.

[1] See Gram. p. 45, on words ending in a of the masc.

[2] Words ending in cco, take an h in the plural, p. 49.

[3] Mano is of the fem. gender.

[4] Such words as end in co, and go, take also an h in the plural. See Gram. p. 49.

[5] Nouns of number ought to be put before the substantive.

[6] Nouns of order must be after the substantive, when we speak of ecclesiastical, or secular princes.

[7] Adjectives of quality must be put before substantives.

[8] Nouns of colours, elementary qualities, and of nations, must be put after the substantive.

[9] The adjectives of condition, figure, and quantity, must be put after substantives.

[10] Adjectives that have no substantives must be of the masculine gender, because man is always understood.

[11] When you ask for something without specifying the quantity of it, use the article partitive, del, della, &c. See Gram. p. 210.

[12] You must use the article indefinite di, when you specify the quantity of the thing.

[13] We put the indefinite article a before the names of cities.

[14] Before the names of men and women, we use al, alla, allo, a, &c.

[15] We use de’ before pronouns that are joined with substantives. See Veneroni’s Grammar, p. 201.

Construction of Adjectives.

The Adjectives expressing desire, knowledge, remembrance, ignorance, forgetting, care, fear, guilt, or any passion of the mind, require the following Noun to be in the Genitive case.

    1. Those who
    2. quello
    1. are desirous of
    2. éssere bramóso
    1. honour,
    2. onóre
    1. are studious of learning
    2. studióso sciénza
    1. and of good manners.
    2. buóno costúme.
    1. He who is not
    1. mindful of
    2. badáre
    1. his own business,
    2. própio affáre
    1. cannot be
    2. non può
    1. mindful of
    2. badare
    1. other people’s.
    2. altro.
    1. Thou and I are
    1. guilty of
    2. colpévole
    1. the same error.
    2. stesso errore.
    1. I am ignorant
    2. ignoráre
    1. of the fact
    2. fatto
    1. you mention.
    2. mentionáre.

Adjectives expressing plenty, or want, as poor, destitute, empty, full, void, require the Genitive case after them.

    1. He whose
    1. purse
    2. borsa
    1. is empty of money,
    2. vuóto danáro
    1. has a house
    2. avére casa
    1. empty of friends.
    2. vuóto amíco.
    1. The court
    2. corte
    1. which is
    2. éssere
    1. full of flatterers,
    2. piéno adulatóre
    1. is pernicious
    2. pernizióso
    1. to a prince,
    2. príncipe
    1. though he be
    1. rich in substance
    2. ricco sostánza
    1. and loaded with honours.
    2. colmáre onóre.
    1. A journey of twenty miles
    2. viággio venti míglia
    1. wearies a horse
    2. stancáre cavállo
    1. that is very hungry;
    2. fame
    1. for while
    2. perchè mentre
    1. he is wanting food,
    2. bramare di mangiare
    1. he goes slowly.
    2. andáre lentamente.
    1. Laziness
    2. pigrízia
    1. has need of spurs.
    2. bisógno speróne.

The Adjectives worthy, unworthy, adorned, encompassed, content, must have a Genitive after them.

    1. Those are unworthy
    2. éssere indégno
    1. of the glory of Heaven,
    2. glória Ciélo
    1. who do not think
    2. che crédere
    1. virtue worthy of love,
    2. virtù dégno amóre
    1. nor are contented with
    2. conténto
    1. the pleasure it gives.
    2. piacére che dare.
    1. A son endowed with excellent qualities
    2. figliuólo dotáto eccellénte qualità
    1. rejoices his father,
    2. rallegráre padre
    1. whose good example he imitates,
    2. buóno esempio imitáre
    1. whose comands he observes;
    2. comándo osserváre
    1. he is never in fear,
    2. mai paura
    1. for he provokes not
    2. perchè provocáre
    1. his father’s anger;
    2. padre cóllera
    1. he is always mindful of his own duty,
    2. sempre attento al dovére
    1. and is like a staff
    2. è come bastóne
    1. to his father’s old age.
    2. padre vecchiája.
    1. He who is endowed with
    2. quello dotáto
    1. fine qualities,
    2. bello qualità
    1. and does not behave himself well,
    2. comportársi bene
    1. is unworthy of men’s society.[1]
    2. éssere indégno uómo società.

    1. Those who are
    2. éssere
    1. contented with
    2. conténto
    1. their own condition,
    2. condizióne
    1. are worthy of
    2. degno
    1. the name of good Christians;
    2. nome buóno Cristiáno
    1. but such are very rare.
    2. ma raro.
    1. If the city of Naples
    2. se città Nápoli
    1. were encompassed
    2. circondáre
    1. with walls,
    2. muro
    1. it would be
    2. éssere[2]
    1. stronger than it is.
    2. forte
    1. England is adorned with
    2. Inghiltérra ornáre
    1. the fairest ladies
    2. [3]belle signóra
    1. in the world.
    2. di questo mondo.
    1. Our country is
    2. paése
    1. surrounded with
    2. chiúdere
    1. the strongest bulwarks.
    2. [3]forte baluárdo.
    1. Few people are
    2. poco gente
    1. satisfied with
    2. soddisfáre
    1. the lot that
    2. sorte
    1. Providence has granted them.
    2. Providénza concédere.

[1] See Gram. p. 44, on words ending in tà.

[2] See Veneroni’s Grammar, p. 53, on comparatives.

[3] Ibid. p. 56, on superlatives.

Adjectives governing a Dative Case. Adjectives expressing submission, relation, pleasure, due, resistance, difficulty, likeness, have the following Noun in the Dative case.

    1. Virtue is pleasant to
    2. [1]virtù piacévole
    1. the righteous,
    2. giústo
    1. and profitable to
    2. profittévole
    1. those who love it.
    2. quello che amáre.
    1. Adoration
    2. L’adorazione
    1. is due to God,
    2. dovúto Dio
    1. the King of all the world.
    2. [2]Re tutto mondo.
    1. Honour is due to kings,
    2. onóre dovúto Re
    1. because
    2. perchè
    1. God has commanded us
    2. avére comandáre
    1. to be obedient to them.
    2. éssere obbediénte

    1. It is
    1. a lamentable thing
    2. lamentévole cosa
    1. to see
    1. some men of great abilities
    2. uómo gràn talénto
    1. prone to wickedness.
    2. dédito vízio.
    1. A man
    2. uómo
    1. who suffers himself
    2. lasciársi
    1. to be led by
    2. allettáre
    1. the corrupted pleasures
    2. corrótto piacére
    1. of this world,
    2. quésto mondo
    1. is not like a Christian.
    2. símile Cristiáno.
    1. Children
    2. figliuólo
    1. are not always like
    2. sempre símile
    1. their parents,
    2. genitóre
    1. they are sometimes
    2. talvólta
    1. quite different from them.
    2. affátto differénte
    1. My father
    2. padre
    1. is like my uncle
    2. somigliáre zio
    1. as to his features,
    2. in quanto fattézza
    1. and the colour of his hair,
    2. colóre [3]capéllo
    1. but he is not like him
    2. ma éssere
    1. in his manners.
    2. costúme.

[1] Words in ù are indeclinable. See Gram. p. 50.

[2] Re is indeclinable.

[3] Of his hair, dei capelli in plur. and without the possessive pronoun.

On Superlative Degrees. [See Gram. p. 56.]

    1. The most noble
    2. la più nóbile
    1. of all virtues
    2. tutto virtù
    1. is charity.
    2. carità.
    1. The most ingenious people
    2. [1]più ingegnóso persone
    1. are not always
    2. éssere sempre
    1. the most learned.
    2. dotto.
    1. The most pernicious of all crimes
    2. pernizióso delítto
    1. is slander,
    2. calúnnia
    1. it ruins
    2. rovinare
    1. very often
    2. [2]spesso
    1. the reputation of
    2. riputazióne
    1. the most honest people;
    2. onésto gente
    1. it puts discord between
    2. méttere discórdia fra
    1. the most intimate friends;
    2. intrínseco amíco
    1. in short,
    2. in somma
    1. it is
    1. the most abominable crime
    2. abbominévole delítto
    1. in the world.
    2. mondo.

    1. The best quality
    2. [3]buóno qualità
    1. a man can have,
    2. uómo potére avére
    1. is to be
    1. civil
    2. civíle
    1. and obliging.
    2. cortése.
    1. The best friend
    2. amíco
    1. we can have is
    1. money.
    2. danáro.
    1. The best soldiers
    2. soldáto
    1. in the world are
    1. sometimes conquered.
    2. talvólta vincere.
    1. Buy me
    2. compráre
    1. the best grapes
    2. uva
    1. you see in town.
    2. vedére città.
    1. The greatest men
    2. gránde uómo
    1. in the kingdom
    2. regno
    1. confess it.
    2. confessáre.