359. The simple direct passive has suffix -in with accent shift of one syllable in the contingent, infix -in- (§ 334,b,1) in the 25actual: putúl-in, pù-putúl-in, p-in-útol, p-in-ù-pútol. It corresponds to actives with -um- and abstracts with pag- and, to a large extent, also to actives with mag- and abstracts with pag- r. It expresses, transiently, an object viewed as fully affected, taken in by the actor, or created by a simple action.

30Irregularities of form are as listed in § 334,c.

Ináko ni Hwàn aŋ útaŋ ni Pédro. Pedro’s debt was taken over (pledged for) by Juan. Inàalaála ni Pédro aŋ kanya ŋ inà. Pedro was thinking of his mother. Hindí nya inàalaála iyòn. He does not mind that. Hindí nya àalalahánin iyòn. He won’t 35mind that (§ 334,c,3). Inàámin nya na ginawá nya iyòn. He admits that he did it. Àamínin nya aŋ kanya ŋ kasalánan. He will own up to his misdeeds. Ináaŋkin naŋ báta ŋ si Hwána aŋ maŋa laruwàn ni Maryà. Little Juana appropriates Maria’s toys. Aŋkinin mò aŋ laruwàn. Take the toy for yourself. 40Pag úulàn ay ararúhin mo aŋ punláan. When the rains come, plow the germinating-plot. Inàáso naŋ inà aŋ kanya ŋ bátaʾ. The mother is running and shouting after her child (áso a dog). Ináyap námin aŋ atsára. We used the mixed pickles as a condiment. (aŋ áyap condiment). Aŋ aklàt niya ŋ kaybígan mo ŋ binaŋgìt ay áki ŋ nabása. I have read the book of that friend of yours whom you mentioned. Binátis nya aŋ ílog. He forded the river. Aŋ gúlok na yàn ay bàbawíin ko sa iyò, kapag ipinamútol mo naŋ kawáyan. I shall take back this bolo from you, if you use it for cutting bamboo. Aŋ táboʾ 5ay binílog ni Hwàn. Juan turned the dipper (on a lathe). Aŋ úlo ni Hwàn ay binìbílog naŋ kanya ŋ maŋa kalaròʾ. Juan’s playmates are fooling him (literally: turning his head). Binyàk ni Hwàn aŋ kawáyan. Juan has split the bamboo. Dináiŋ nya aŋ isdàʾ. He laid open the fish. Aŋ maŋa isdà ŋ itò ay dinála niyà sa ílog-Pásig. He caught these fish with the net in the Pasig 10river. Yòn ay áki ŋ dináramdàm. I am very sorry, That’s too bad. Diligìn mo aŋ maŋa haláman. Sprinkle the plants. Durúin mo aŋ áki ŋ mamásoʾ. Prick my blister for me. Ginágabi kamì. We were overtaken by night. Hanápin mo aŋ magnanákaw. Look for the thief. Hinápis nya akò. He made me sad. Hinátì 15ko aŋ maŋa búŋa-ŋ-káhoy sa maŋa bátàʾ. I distributed the fruits among the children. Iníhaw nya aŋ karnè. He roasted the meat. Inísip nya ŋ magnákaw sa isa ŋ tindáhan. He thought of stealing from a store. Isípin mo kuŋ saàn mo naíwan aŋ iyo ŋ sombréro. Think where you left your hat. Aŋ kabutì ŋ itò ay hindí kinàkáin. 20One does not eat this mushroom. Ipatipìd mo sa bátàʾ aŋ kinàkáin nya. Make the child be moderate in its eating. Kinapá ko sa kadilimàn aŋ áki ŋ hìgáan. I fell out my bed in the dark. Kúnin mo aŋ aklàt sa bátaʾ. Take the book from the child. Hwag mò akò ŋ kurutìn. Don’t pinch me. Nilákad námin aŋ lahàt 25naŋ daàn. We walked all the way. Laruin mò aŋ bátaʾ. Play with the child. Nilìlínis nya aŋ mésa. She is cleaning the table. Nilúsoŋ mo bà aŋ balòn? Did you go down into the well? Lusúŋin mo aŋ balòn. Go down into the well. Nilùlúto niya aŋ gúlay. She is cooking the vegetables (also: linùlútoʾ). Minámahàl 30naŋ maŋa magúlaŋ aŋ bátaʾ. The parents love the child. pinalànsa was ironed (palànsa). Pinána ko aŋ usà. I shot the stag with an arrow. Hindí nya pinápansìn iyòn. He doesn’t pay any attention to that. Pinatày ko aŋ manòk. I killed the chicken. Aŋ pinílì nya ŋ manòk ay matabàʾ. The chicken she picked out 35is a fat one. Pinílit nya ŋ gumawá naŋ páyoŋ aŋ alílaʾ. He forced the servant to make an umbrella. Pitasin mò aŋ maŋa búŋa naŋ maŋgà. You pick the mangoes. Pinútol ni Hwàn aŋ tanikalàʾ. The chain was cut by Juan. Pagka pinútol mo aŋ lúbid na iyàn ay lálagpak aŋ tulày. When you have cut that rope 40the bridge will fall. Pag pinútol mo aŋ buntòt naŋ tútaʾ ay malápit iya ŋ mamatày. If you cut off the puppy’s tail, it is likely to die. Pinùpútol ko aŋ káhoy. I was cutting the wood. Putúlin mo aŋ lúbid. Cut the rope. Pùputúlin nya aŋ búhoʾ. He will cut the bamboo. Pinúyat nya akò. He kept me up late. Hwag mò ŋ sagasáin, Lúkas, aŋ kainítan naŋ áraw sa iyo ŋ paglabàs sa búkid. Don’t hit upon the hottest part of the day for going 5out to the field, Lucas. Sinísintà ni Pédro aŋ dalága. Pedro is in love with the young woman. Akò y sinípà naŋ kabáyo. I was kicked by a horse. Sinuklày nya aŋ buhòk naŋ kanya ŋ anàk. She combed her child’s hair; also: Sinuklày nya aŋ kanya ŋ anàk. Aŋ gámit nya ŋ librò ay sinúlat ni Daruwìn. The book he uses 10was written by Darwin. Kuŋ sinuntòk nya aŋ bátaʾ ay suntukìn mo siyà. If he hits the boy, do you hit him. Sinúsuntok nyà aŋ bátaʾ. He hits the boy on the head. Tagpuìn mo akò sa estasyòn naŋ trèn. Meet me at the railroad station. Tanawin mò aŋ súnog! Look at the fire! Aŋ tábon sa ílog ay tinaŋày naŋ ágos. 15The dam in the river was carried away by the current. Hwag mò ŋ taŋgapìn aŋ úpa. Don’t accept the pay. Tawágin mo si Hwàn. Call Juan. Tinipìd ni Hwàn aŋ ibinigày ko ŋ ságiŋ. Juan was saving with the bananas I gave him. Aŋ dúsa ŋ kanya ŋ tinítiìs ay hindí lubhà ŋ mabigàt. The suffering he is undergoing 20is not very severe. Tinísod ko aŋ bakyàʾ. I kicked away the sandal. Inúna si Hwàn naŋ hukòm. Juan was dealt with first by the judge. Inusísa akò ni Hwàn. Juan questioned me. Aŋ inusísa sa ákin ni Hwàn ay kuŋ saan nàndon aŋ kanya ŋ sombréro. What Juan asked me was where his hat was. Inútaŋ ko iyò ŋ 25salapì ŋ ibinigày ko sa kanyà kahápon. I borrowed that money I gave him yesterday. Niwáwalis nyà aŋ alikabòk sa mésa. She is sweeping the dust from the table (also: wináwalìs). Aŋ niyáyà ko ŋ magpasyàl ay si Hwàn. The one I invited to come for a walk was Juan.

30Similarly from: ágaw, akálaʾ, ákay, akiyàt, alílaʾ, alintána, alipustàʾ, alìs, ámoʾ, anínaw, ásal, bálak, bambò, bása, batò, báwiʾ, bigkàs, bigtì, bílaŋ, bilì, bitbìt, búhat, bútas, buwísit, dalà, daràs, dikdìk, dúkit, dúkot, gámit, gamòt, gantì, gawàʾ, gúgol, gupìt, gustò, gútom, hábol, hágod, hampàs, hámon, hantày, háŋoʾ, háraŋ, 35haràp, hátak, híla, hilìŋ, hinálaʾ, hintày, hiràm, hitìt, híwaʾ, húkay, húli, íbig, inò, inòm, kagàt, kalaykày, kámot, kantà, kúlam, kumbidà, kumpisàl, lála, lóko, lúnod, loòb, matà, múra, nákaw, páloʾ, pasàn, pások, pígil, pího, piráso, pirìnsa, pukòl, sábi, sadiyàʾ, sagòt, salúboŋ, sampàl, saŋgà, sapantáhaʾ, sílip, siŋìl, siyásat, sumpòŋ, 40sundòʾ, sunòd, súnog, suŋáŋa, tagàʾ, tákot, talagà, tálo, tampálas, tápos, túkop, tuntòn, úbos, ugáliʾ, úlit, wíkaʾ.

(a) From derived words: Inùumága silà sa kanila ŋ pagsasàlitáan. They were being overtaken by their morning in their conversation (um-ága, § 358). Si Hwána ay hinimatày. Juana was attacked by a fainting-fit (himatày, § 518).

(b) From root with shifted accent: Ináabùt naŋ bátaʾ aŋ góra. The boy was reaching for his cap.

5(c) Accent shift lacking: Mínsanin mo, Hwàn, aŋ paginòm naŋ gamòt. Take the medicine all at one swallow, Juan.

(d) From doubled root, with meaning of repeated action: see isà; barytone root with accent shift: ámoʾ.

360. A few roots which have actives with mag- form the 10direct passive from the root with pag- prefixed. On the analogy of other forms (cf. § 369) one should expect this to be the case with roots whose active with mag- stood in contrast with -um- (§ 351); this is clearly the case, however, only in pag-isíp-in, pag-ì-isíp-in p-in-ag-ísip, p-in-ag-ì-ísip: Pinagísip nya ŋ magnákaw sa 15isa ŋ tindáhan. He laid plans for robbing a store (cf. in-ísip, § 359). The other roots which have pag- in the direct passive are: barìl, doòp, kúroʾ, tapìk.

361. To the active with mag- (1) (§ 353) corresponds a direct passive with pag- and accent shift: pag-putul-ìn, p-in-ag-putòl, 20etc. (pútol): Pinaghatí ko aŋ maŋa itlòg na pinatigasàn ni Hwána. I halved each of the eggs Juana had hard-boiled. Pinagisìp nya aŋ kahulugàn naŋ maŋa sènyas na nàkíta nya ŋ ibiníbigay naŋ isa ŋ sundálo sa isa nyà ŋ kasamahà ŋ nàhúle naŋ kaáway. He figured out the meaning of the signals he saw a soldier 25make to a comrade who was captured by the enemy. Pinagpúputul naŋ bátaʾ aŋ sinúlid. The child is cutting the thread to bits. Pagputulin mò, Hwàn, aŋ maŋa siìt. Cut out the bamboo-spines, Juan. Pinagusisá naŋ hukòm aŋ maŋa magnanákaw. The judge cross-examined the robbers. Similarly from kúha, nákaw, 30sábi, sípaʾ, súnog.

362. Likewise, corresponding to the active with mag- r (§ 354), is a direct passive with pag- r; see gawàʾ, kagàt.

Passive with pag- (1) r (cf. § 355) from sípaʾ.

363. Passive with pag- (1) D (cf. § 356): Pinagsabì-sabi 35nyà sa ibà t ibà ŋ táo na si Pédro ay nàhúli sa pagnanákaw. He told various people on various occasions, that Pedro was arrested for thievery.

364. The direct passive is made from the root with prefix paŋ- to correspond to actives with maŋ- (§ 357): pa-mitas-ìn, pa-mì-mitas-ìn, 40p-ina-mitàs, p-in-a-mí-mitàs (pitàs). Examples: Inamútan ko si Hwàn naŋ pinamilì ko ŋ maŋa librò. I let Juan purchase from me some of the books I had bought up. Pinamímitas nilà aŋ maŋa kamatsilè. They picked the fruits of the tannic acid tree. Pamìmitasìn námin aŋ maŋa búlak. We shall pick the capoc cotton. Pinamùlot námin aŋ maŋa laglàg na búŋa. We picked up the fallen betel-fruits. Pinaŋútaŋ ko iyà ŋ salapìʾ sa 5kanyà. I had to borrow that money you have there from him. Also from noòd.