374. The simple local passive, corresponding to the active 25with -um- and largely to that with mag-, has the suffix (1) -an with the irregularities described in § 334. The forms of the actual mode have also the infix -in-: putúl-an, pù-putúl-an, p-in-utúl-an, p-in-ù-putúl-an. The local passive denotes the thing affected as place in which or the person to whom.

30Inabútan akò naŋ ulàn. I was caught by the rain. Agáhan mo aŋ iyo ŋ pagparíto. Make early your coming here, i. e. Come here early. Pagkagupìt naŋ áki ŋ buhòk ay inahítan nya akò. When he had cut my hair he shaved me. Alisan mò naŋ maŋa tinìk aŋ áki ŋ salawàl. Take the thorns out of my trousers. Inanyáhan 35silà ni Hwàn na magpasyàl. They were invited by Juan to go for a walk. Arálan mo aŋ maŋa Kapampáŋan. Teach morals to the Pampangas. Asnan mò aŋ dáiŋ na isdàʾ. Salt the fish you lay open. Aptan mò naŋ páwid aŋ báhay. Roof the house with nipa-palm. Awítan mo aŋ maŋa panaúhin. Sing for the 40guests. Bakúran mo aŋ sagíŋan sa tabì naŋ ílog. Fence in the banana-grove by the river. Bakúran mo aŋ báhay. Put a fence round the house. Binalitáan ko si Hwàn naŋ maŋa naŋyári sa ákin sa labanàn. I related to Juan my adventures in the war. Bantayan mò aŋ pálay. Guard the standing rice. Basáhan mo akò naŋ maŋa kwènto. Read me some stories. Bigasan mò aŋ tinóla ŋ manòk. Make the chicken-stew with rice. Si Pédro aŋ 5binilhàn ko naŋ kabáyo ŋ itò. It was Pedro I bought this horse from. Sa katapusàn ay kanya ŋ nàpagkilála aŋ malaki ŋ paŋánib na kanya ŋ biniŋítan. In the end he recognized the great danger into which he had betaken himself. Binuksàn ni Hwàn aŋ pintòʾ. Juan opened the door. Dinaanàn naŋ trèn aŋ báboy. The pig 10was run over by the train. Dinaanàn ko si Hwàn. I called for Juan on the way (and took him with me). Dalhàn mo naŋ túbig aŋ kabáyo. Bring water to the horse. Dalian mò aŋ pagdadala ríto naŋ librò. Bring the book here soon. Aŋ pabása sa bisíta naŋ San-Antònyo ay dinaluhàn naŋ marámi ŋ táo. The reading 15at the chapel of San Antonio was attended by many people. Dinamíhan nya aŋ kinúha nya ŋ ságiŋ. He took many bananas. Dinamuhàn nyà aŋ damúha ŋ malápit sa simbáhan. He cut grass on the pasture near the church. Dinapúan naŋ maŋa íbon aŋ saŋà naŋ káhoy. Birds alighted on the branch of the tree. Dinatnàn 20kamì naŋ ulàn. We were overtaken by the rain. Diniláan nya akò. She stuck out her tongue at me (aŋ dílaʾ the tongue); also: Diláan mo aŋ mansánas. Lick the apple. Hwag mò ŋ durúan naŋ karáyom aŋ áki ŋ panyò. Don’t leave needles sticking in my handkerchief. Hagkan mò si Nánay. Kiss Mother. Hinalúan 25naŋ álak aŋ gátas. Some wine was mixed into the milk. Hinampasàn ni Pédro aŋ mukhá ni Hwàn. Pedro hit Juan in the face with a whip. Aŋ daàn ay hinaráŋan. The road was obstructed. Hasáan mo aŋ gúlok na itò. Sharpen this bolo. Hintuan mò aŋ iyo ŋ pagsusugàl, Pédro, kuŋ íbig mu ŋ yumáman ka. Put a stop 30to your gambling, Pedro, if you want to get rich. Hinùhugásan niyà aŋ maŋa piŋgàn parà sa maŋa babáye. He is washing dishes for the women. Hulíhan mo naŋ isdàʾ aŋ palàisdáan. Catch fish in the fish-pond. Aŋ maŋa sampày na damìt ay hinípan naŋ haŋin, kanyàʾ nahúlog sa lúpaʾ. The clothes on the line were 35blown by the wind and fell to the ground. Hinípan ko aŋ píto. I blew the whistle. Hinípan ko aŋ apòy úpaŋ palakihìn. I blew on the fire to make it larger. Inilágan nya aŋ simbáhan. He kept away from the church. ... aŋ kabáyo. He got out of the way of the horse. Inlagan mò aŋ dumáratiŋ na tumátakbo ŋ kabáyo. 40Get out of the way of the horse that is coming on the run. Itiman mò aŋ lubòg naŋ damìt. Make the dye of the garment black. Inìiyakàn ni Hwána aŋ kanya ŋ namatày na kaybígan. Juana is weeping over her dead friend. Hwag mò ŋ kurutàn, Pédro, aŋ isdà ŋ nása dúlaŋ. Don’t you take a pinch from the fish on the table, Pedro. Hwag mù ŋ labánan, Pédro, aŋ kapatid mù ŋ matandàʾ. Don’t oppose your older brother, Pedro. Aŋ landàs na gawì ŋ kaliwàʾ ay aŋ iyo ŋ lakáran. You must take the path which 5goes to the left. Lakasan mò aŋ túlak sa baŋkàʾ. Push hard on the boat. Lakhan mò, Hwàn, aŋ pirasúhin mo ŋ matamìs. Break off a big piece of the sugar, Juan. Nilalíman nilà aŋ húkay naŋ patày. The grave for the corpse was made deep by them. Aŋ bantày naŋ maŋa kanyòn ay nilayásan aŋ kanya ŋ lugàr. The 10guard of the cannon deserted his post. Ligsihan mò aŋ pagílag sa lugàr na iyàn. Get out of that place quickly. Hwag mò ŋ luksuhàn aŋ tinìk na iyàn. Don’t jump on that spine. Lulánan mo naŋ maŋgà aŋ karitòn. Load up the wagon with mangos. Luluran mò si Pédro pagbababàg ninyò. Kick Pedro in the shin when you 15fight him. Nilusúŋan mo bà si Pédro? Did you help Pedro? Lutúan mo naŋ bigàs aŋ manòk. Cook some rice in with the (already cooked) chicken. Masdan mò aŋ bwàn. Look at the moon. Minàmasdan kò aŋ maŋa nagdádaa ŋ táo. I am looking at the people who pass by. Minuráhan nya akò sa pagbibilì naŋ talòŋ. He made 20me a low price on the egg-plant. Muráhan mo aŋ pagbibilì naŋ labanòs. Sell your large radishes cheap. Aŋ taŋgápan naŋ maŋa saŋlàʾ sa báhay-saŋláan ni Pédro ay ninakáwan kagabè. The receiving-place of pledges in Pedro’s pawn-shop was robbed last night. Nakáwan mo syà naŋ kanyà ŋ salapèʾ. Rob him of his 25money. Sa pagbubunòʾ ni Hwàn at ni Pédro si Pédro ay pinaahàn ni Hwàn. Juan caught Pedro by the leg (or: hurt Pedro in the leg) as they wrestled together; but: Pinaanan nyà aŋ kanya ŋ kapatìd na natùtúlog. He lay down with his feet toward his sleeping brother. Hwag mò ŋ paanàn sa iyò ŋ paghigàʾ aŋ kapatìd mo 30ŋ natùtúlog. When you go to bed don’t lie with your feet toward your sleeping brother. Pinanáwan sya naŋ pagiísip. He lost his mind. Patayàn mo naŋ pitsòn aŋ nilúgaw. Kill a pigeon for the stew. Patisan mò aŋ isdàʾ ŋ itò. Put shrimp-sauce on this fish. Pinayágan nya aŋ paraà ŋ itò. He agreed to this plan. Pilikàn mu aŋ 35isdàʾ. Cut the fins off the fish. Pintahan mò aŋ padèr na ytò. Paint this wall. Hwag mò ŋ pintasàn aŋ damìt na yàn. Don’t find fault with that garment. Pitasan mò naŋ búŋa aŋ maŋgà. Pick some fruits from the mango tree. Aŋ pinulútan nilà naŋ manèʾ ay aŋ bakúran ni Hwána. The place where they gathered 40peanuts was Juana’s yard. Pinùpunásan nya aŋ sahìg. She is scrubbing the floor. Punan mò, Pédro, naŋ isà ŋ salapèʾ aŋ kwàlta ŋ ibinigày mo sa ákin. Add half a dollar to the money you gave me, Pedro. Putíkan mo aŋ kanya ŋ salawàl. Put mud on his trousers. Pinutúlan ko naŋ usbòŋ aŋ maŋa kamóte. I cut shoots from the sweet-potatoes. Pinùputlan nyà naŋ maŋa saŋà aŋ káhoy na nabwàl. He is cutting the branches off the tree that was 5blown down. Putúlan mo naŋ téŋa aŋ áso. Cut the dog’s ears. Putlan mò naŋ súŋay aŋ kalabàw. Cut the horns of the carabao. Pùputúlan ko naŋ súŋay aŋ usà. I shall cut off the stag’s horns. Pùputlàn dàw nya naŋ buntòt aŋ áso. He says he will cut off the dog’s tail. Sinakyàn námin aŋ baŋká ni Hwàn. We rode in 10Juan’s canoe. Sakyan mò aŋ baŋka ŋ itò. Get into this canoe. Hwag mù ŋ saláhan aŋ iyo ŋ maŋà pagpások sa eskwèlhan. Don’t skip going to school, Don’t play hookey; but: Sinaŋlan nyà aŋ siŋsìŋ. He missed the ring (in the juego de anillo). Hwag mù ŋ saŋlàn aŋ usà. Don’t fail to hit the stag. Samáhan mo si Pédro. 15Go with Pedro. Sayawan mò kamì, Hwána. Dance for us, Juana. Sinigawàn naŋ páreʾ aŋ kanyà ŋ munisilyò. The priest yelled at his sacristan. Sinikáran naŋ kabáyo aŋ karumáta. The horse kicked at the carriage. Siglan mò naŋ álak aŋ bóte. Fill the bottle with wine. Untì-untí mo ŋ subúan aŋ pitsòn. Feed the squabs 20little by little. Sinugátan sya ni Pédro. He was wounded by Pedro. Sinukláyan nya aŋ kanya ŋ anàk. She combed her child’s hair. Sulátan mo si Pédro. Write to Pedro. Tinabúnan na ni Pédro aŋ húkay. Pedro has already filled up the hole. Tagalan mò aŋ pagkábitbit naŋ tablà. Keep holding the board that way. 25Tagalan mò aŋ pagtitira díto sa ámin. Stay here with us a long time. Tagpian mò aŋ báro ŋ itò. Mend this shirt. Tagpuan mò naŋ iba ŋ káyo aŋ kaluwáŋan naŋ sáya. Fill out (literally: cause to meet) the width of the skirt with other cloth. Tamnan mò naŋ maŋa púno-ŋ-nyòg aŋ bakúran. Plant the yard with cocoanut 30trees. Tinanúran nya aŋ báhay sa boò ŋ magdamàg. He guarded the house all night. Hwag mù ŋ taŋgapàn naŋ úpa aŋ kaybígan ko ŋ iháhatid mò sa estasyòn naŋ trèn, sapagkàt akò aŋ ùúpa sa iyò. Don’t take any fare from my friend whom you will bring to the railroad station, for I shall pay you. Tapunan mò aŋ bóte. 35Cork up the bottle. Hwag mò ŋ tawánan si Hwàn. Don’t laugh at Juan. Tawágan mo si Bathálaʾ. Call on the Lord. Tinayuan nyà naŋ kamálig aŋ bakúran. He erected a granary in his yard. Tigasan mò aŋ lúto naŋ halayà. Cook the jelly hard. Tinirhàn nya akò naŋ tinápay. He left some bread for me. Tirhàn mo akò 40naŋ inúyat. Leave me some molasses; but: Hwag mò ŋ tirahàn aŋ báhay na iyàn. Don’t live in that house. Aŋ báhay na iyòn ay aŋ kanya ŋ tinìtirahàn. That house over there is where he lives. Tinulínan nya aŋ paglákad. He hurried his pace. Tulísan mo aŋ tasà naŋ lápis. Sharpen the point of the pencil. Untian mò, Pédro, aŋ ibíbigay mò ŋ damò sa kabáyo. Give the horse less grass, Pedro. Ùupàn naŋ maŋa panaúhin aŋ maŋa baŋkù ŋ itò. The 5guests will sit on these benches. Orásan mo aŋ iyo ŋ pagkáin. Have your meals at stated times. Utáŋan mo naŋ salapí si Pédro. Borrow money from Pedro. Oóhan mo aŋ tanòŋ. Answer the question in the affirmative. Niwàwalisàn niyà aŋ sahìg. She is sweeping the floor.

10Other roots: akmàʾ, ámot, apòy, balàt, báyaʾ, báyad, bigày, bendisiyòn, búti, dagán, retráto, gámit, gawàʾ, gupìt, halimhìm, hatìd, háwak, higàʾ, hitsà, húkay, húlog, íŋat, kamìt, kantà, labàs, lagày, láloʾ, lápit, lígaw, ligtàs, limòs, mulàʾ, pagakpàk, palìt, panhìk, pások, prubà, puntà, putòk, sabày, sáboy, sagásaʾ, sákit, salákay, 15silakbò, subò, súbok, sunòd, suŋgàb, soòt, táliʾ, támaʾ, táŋaʾ, táŋan, tíbay, tibàʾ, tiŋìn, túboʾ, tugtòg, túlad, túlog, túloŋ, tuŋtóŋ, umpisà, úpa, útos, wisìk.

(a) From derived words: Sya y tinagilíran ni Pédro. Pedro hit him in the side (ta-gílid, § 523), but: Tinaligdàn ni Hwàn si 20Pédro pagdadaàn nitò sa kanya ŋ harapàn. Juan turned away from Pedro when the latter came before him. Tinalikdàn ni Hwàn si Pédro. Juan turned his back on Pedro (talíkod, § 523).

(b) Irregularly without accent shift before the suffix: Áki ŋ binitáwan (or: binitíwan) aŋ bóte. I let go my hold on the bottle. 25Bitíwan mo aŋ lúbid. Let go of the rope. Dinaánan siyà naŋ isa ŋ silakbò naŋ gálit. A fit of anger came upon him. ... naŋ isa ŋ masamà ŋ pagiísip. An evil thought came to him. Dinàdaánan sya naŋ isa ŋ malakì ŋ kaluŋkútan. A great grief is upon him. ... naŋ pagkaulòl. He is under an attack of madness. Cf. daanàn, 30above. Minatáan naŋ bágo ŋ táo aŋ aswàŋ. The young man looked round for the vampire. Matáan mo aŋ magnanákaw. Keep an eye open for the thief. So from: sèrmon.

(c) From root with accent shift (so that the total shift is two syllables): Aŋ utusàn naŋ kapitàn ay tinamaàn naŋ bála. The 35captain’s orderly was hit by a bullet. Aŋ lulòd ni Pédro ay tinamaàn naŋ bála. Pedro got shot in the shin. Tinamaàn naŋ kulòg (naŋ lintìk) aŋ isa ŋ púnu-ŋ-maŋgà. A mango tree was struck by the thunder (by lightning). Tamaàn ka naŋ lintìk! May the lightning strike you! (curse.)

40375. The local passive is formed from the root with pag- when it corresponds to an active in which mag- is contrasted with -um- (§ 351) or when the local relation, especially of person for whom, is highly explicit: pag-putúl-an, pag-pù-putúl-an, p-in-ag-putúl-an, p-in-ag-pù-putúl-an. Examples: Aŋ pagsakày sa kabáyo ay hindí magaà ŋ pagarálan kuŋ salbáhe aŋ kabáyo. Riding horseback is not easy to learn if the horse is unruly. Hindí káya ni Hwàn aŋ kanya ŋ pinagàarálan. Juan’s studies are too hard 5for him. Pagbàbalikàn kità. I will come back to you. Pagbalikàn mo akò. Come back to me. Aŋ útaŋ ni Maryà ay pinagbayáran naŋ kanya ŋ kapatìd na babáye. Maria’s debt was paid off by her sister. Aŋ áki ŋ kapatìd na laláki aŋ pinagbilhàn ko nito ŋ báhay. I sold this house to my brother. Napatìd aŋ lúbid na kanya 10ŋ pinagbìbiyabúhan. The rope on which he was swinging broke. Aŋ pinagharáŋan kina Hwàn ay isa ŋ lugàr na malápit sa maŋgáhan sa daà-ŋ-Balíwag. The place where Juan and his company were held up was a spot near the mango-grove on the Baliuag road. Pagharían mo ŋ mabúte aŋ pulò ŋ itò. Rule righteously over this 15island. Paghasáan mo naŋ maŋa paŋáhit aŋ hasaà ŋ itò. Use this whetstone to sharpen razors on. Aŋ pinaghatdan kò naŋ gátas ay maláyoʾ. The place to which I delivered the milk was a long way off. Sa pasíga ŋ itò y walà ŋ lugàr na pinaghùhubaràn naŋ damìt. At this beach there is no place for undressing. aŋ pinagibhàn the 20point of difference, the difference. Pagiŋátan mo ŋ dalhìn aŋ túbo ŋ kristàl na iyàn, sapagkàt baká magkàputòl-putòl iyàn kuŋ hindí ka maíŋat naŋ pagdadalà. Carry that glass tube carefully, because it might get smashed if you are not careful about the carrying it. Pinagkabyawàn nilà aŋ lugàr na itò. This place is where they 25pressed sugar-cane. Aŋ pinagkàkabyawàn námin ay isa ŋ lugàr na mataàs káy sa tubúhan. The place where we press sugar-cane is a place higher than the cane-field. Pagkabyawàn ninyò naŋ tubò aŋ bágo ŋ kabyáwan. Press the cane in the new press. Pagkàbyawàn nilà aŋ bágo ŋ tayò ŋ kabyáwan. They will press sugar-cane 30in the newly-erected press. Aŋ hwátaw aŋ sya mò ŋ pagkánan. The Chinese bowl is what you are to eat from. Si Pédro aŋ pinagkúnan naŋ maŋa kasaŋkápa ŋ itò. Pedro is the one from whom we got these tools. Si Migèl aŋ pinagkùkúnan nya naŋ kwàlta ŋ paŋbilè naŋ kalabàw. Miguel is the one from whom he gets money 35to buy carabao. Aŋ pagkúnan mo naŋ pálay ay aŋ sáko ŋ may kúlaŋ. The place for you to take rice is the sack that is already broken. Hwag mò ŋ paglaruwàn, Hwàn, aŋ kutìŋ, sapagkàt baká mo iyàn màbúlag. Don’t play with the kitten, Juan, for you might inadvertently blind it. Paglarwan mò aŋ bóla. Play (with the) 40ball. Aŋ kutìŋ ay nàbálot sa pinaglàlaruwàn nya ŋ damìt. The kitten got wrapped up in the piece of cloth with which it was playing. Pagmasdan mò aŋ bwàn. Look carefully at the moon. Hwag mò ŋ pagputúlan naŋ ano màn aŋ saŋkála ŋ iyàn. Don’t cut anything on that cutting-block. Pinagsalitaàn ni Hwàn aŋ kanyà ŋ maŋa báta ŋ kapatìd. Juan gave his little brothers a talking-to.

5Similarly: bintàŋ, daàn, daràs, dasàl, hátiʾ, hinálaʾ, katàm, kublì, patày, pílit, sábi, silbì, sísi, tagpòʾ, tipàn, úsap.

(a) From a phrase: pinagsa-ulàn (sa ulèʾ).

(b) From a derived word: Maŋà pinagpìpìtagánan ko ŋ ginoò! Respected sirs, Dear sirs (in oral or written address).

10(c) Irregularly without accent shift: pinagdaánan (daàn), cf. § 374,b.

(d) With extra accent shift, corresponding to active with mag- (1): Pagputulàn mo, Hwàn, naŋ maŋa usbòŋ aŋ kalabása. Cut a bundle of shoots from the pumpkin, Juan.

15As bitìw lacks the accent shift before -an (§ 374,b), the form with pag- and shift of one syllable belongs here: Pinagbitiwan nyà aŋ maŋa manùk na kanya ŋ táŋan. She let go of all the chickens she was holding.

(e) With reduplication of the root, corresponding to the 20active with mag- r (§ 354): pinagsisiglàn (silìd).

(f) With both extra accent shift and reduplication, corresponding to § 355: Pinagdàdadagukàn nya aŋ maŋa kaáway niyà. He was dealing blows to his enemies right and left (dágok a blow with the fist).

25(g) From doubled root (cf. the active, § 356): pinagtùtulùŋ-tulúŋan (túloŋ).

376. The local passive with paŋ- corresponds to actives with maŋ-: pa-mutúl-an, pa-mù-mutúl-an, p-in-a-mutúl-an, p-in-a-mù-mutúl-an.

30Saàn aŋ pinaŋgalíŋan mo?—Aŋ pinaŋgalíŋan ko ay an báya-ŋ-Maynílaʾ. Where have you come from?—I come from Manila. Aŋ maŋa pinítak na kadátig naŋ sápaʾ ay sya nyà ŋ pinaŋgágapásan (or: sya nyà ŋ pinamùmutúlan naŋ pálay). The sections of the rice-field bordering on the ditch are the ones he is cutting rice 35from. Pinaŋitlugàn naŋ manòk aŋ kahò ŋ itò. The hen laid its eggs in this box. Hwag mò ŋ pamitasàn naŋ búŋa aŋ átis na nása tabì naŋ balòn. Don’t pick the fruits from the atis tree by the side of the well. Siya kò ŋ pamìmitasàn naŋ búŋa aŋ byábas na nása gitná naŋ bakúran. I shall pick fruits from the guava tree 40in the middle of the yard. Ali ŋ lugàr aŋ iyo ŋ pinamutúlan naŋ damò? Which place did you cut grass from? Sinundó ni Pédro aŋ kapatìd na babáye sa báhay na pinanànahían. Pedro fetched his sister from the house where she was working as seamstress. So also from: tálo, tiwálaʾ.

(a) With paŋ-hin- the local passive corresponds to the active with maŋ-hin- (§ 357,b); the reduplication affects the hin- which, 5theoretically, we may regard as part of the underlying word. “Magáral ka ŋ mabúti at paŋhinayáŋan mo aŋ mahalagà ŋ panahòn,” sinábi ni Hwàn sa kanya ŋ anàk. “Study hard and take account of the precious time,” said Juan to his son. Káylan pa kayá paŋhìhinayáŋan naŋ maŋa táo aŋ maŋa áni ŋ taòn-taò y nàsìsírà 10naŋ luktòn o naŋ túyot? When will the people at last regret the harvests that are every year destroyed by locusts or by drought? Pinaŋhinayáŋan nilà aŋ nálubog na baŋkàʾ. They were sorry about the canoe that had sunk. Pinaŋhìhinayáŋan námin aŋ marámi ŋ búhay na ginúgol naŋ báyan sa pagtataŋgòl sa katwíran. 15We regret the many lives lost by the country in the defense of its rights. (sáyaŋ); similarly from gantì: paŋhigantihàn.