83;
Turkey and, 221

Mohammedans, 101, 136, 164, 177, 189;
Bosnia, 190;
Caliphate, 241, 267;
dissenters, 285-289;
Great Britain and, 240;
Greek, 277;
immigrants into Turkey, 282-284;
landholders in Europe, 198;
railroad funds, 267-268

Moldavia, 171, 172

Moldavians, 162, 167, 168

Molise group, 89

Monastiro, 72

Mongolian, 104

Mongolians, 113, 176

Mont Blanc, 52

Montenegrins, 180

Montenegro, 182, 195, 196

Moravia, 149-150;
German expansion, 150

Moravian, 115, 116

Moravian Slovaks, 149, 150

Moravians, 142

Moresnet, 32, 33

Morlacca, 88

Mosul, 223, 260;
Christians, table, 311-312

Mountains as boundaries, 333-334

Musariyehs, 298-299

Muscovy, 16

Mush, 290, 294


Nancy, 36, 37, 42, 43

Naples, kingdom of, Slav colonists, 88

Nationality, language and, 1, 155, 314-315;
language, race, and, 4

Nestorians, 304-305

Netherlands, 29

New Norse, 100

Niederdeutsch, 13

Nimrud Dagh, 294

Noghai tartars, 283

Nomadism, 162, 164, 282, 283, 308

Nordic race, xiv, 4, 5, 6, 19, 41, 102, 104, 176

Norse, 98, 99, 100

Norsk, 98

Norway, Danish language in, 98;
linguistic problem, 97-100

Norwegian, 97, 100

Norwego-Danish, 98-100

Novibazar, 188-189


Oberdeutsch, 13

Obrenovitch, Miloch, 186

Oder, 93, 116, 118, 137

Old Norse, 98, 99

Oscan-Umbrian, 56


Palestine, 245, 265

Pan-Germanism, 331

Pan-Slavism, 331

Paris, 9, 11

Parlers, 11

Patois, French, 9

Peacock King, 303

Persia, trade, 238

Persian and Armenian, 272

Persian Gulf, 239

Persians, Armenians and, 290;
Greeks and, 227

Phrygians, 286, 292

Piasts, 119, 120

Picard patois, 11, 12

Piedmont, 59-62;
German in, 66-67

Pilsen, 144

Pindus, 162, 163, 165, 166, 195, 202, 203, 204

Pjesme, 321, 322

Plattdeutsch, 13

Po, 59, 63, 84

Podgoritza, 196

Podhalians, 114

Poetry, nationality and, 318-319;
Serbia, 321-322

Poland, 111-140;
Austro-Hungarian provinces, table, 138;
autonomy, 340-341;
German colonization, 116, 127-129;
German provinces, table, 137-138;
Jewish element, 124-126;
nature of land, 119;
Russia and, 121;
Russian provinces, table, 138-139;
Turkey and, 120;
unity of, 135-136

Poles, 111-140;
Austrian, 130;
Bukovina, 170, 171;
eastern Germany, 123;
German contacts, 115-135;
patriotism and national spirit, 129;
letters in Germany, 121-122

Polish, area, 111-140;
teaching, 129

Polish Jews.
See Jews

Posen, 116, 121-123, 128, 133

Prague, 146

Protestants, Bohemia, 146;
Piedmont, 61-62;
Polish group, 133

Prussia, 48, 49, 81, 82, 93, 94, 95, 117, 118, 120, 126, 127;
ascendency, 329;
Germanization, 128;
Poland and, 340-341;
Poles in, 117, 121

Pruth, 172


Race, xv;
European blending, xiv, 5;
language, nationality, and, 4;
mingling, 3

Ragusa, 77, 88

Railroads, Turkish, 248-252, 268-269;
Turkish-owned, 267

Raskolniks, 136

Ratzel, F., 325, 326

“Red head,” 286

Religious persecution, 61-63

Reval Esthonian, 108

Rhine, 35, 37, 46, 47, 326

Rhone, 51, 52

Riksmaal, 98, 99, 100

Rivers as boundaries, 46, 333

Roman names in Belgium, 21

Romance languages, 56;
Balkan peninsula, 86-87, 164-166;
Belgium, 25;
easterly group map, 166

Romanic, 56, 66

Romanic languages, 9

Romansh, 54, 165;
definition, 72-73

Rome, Dalmatia and, 83-86;
influence in southeastern Europe, 165;
Rumania and, 167;
southeastern Europe and, 161

Rumania, original element and history, 167;
Russian influence, 172, 173

Rumanian, 159-173;
Albanian and, 165;
Bessarabia, 172;
Latin kinship, 159-161, 162;
map of areas, 166;
Serbia, 188;
sketch-map of, in Bukovina and Hungary, 169;
sketch-map showing parts, 183

Rumanians, 339;
Balkan peninsula, 160;
colonies and groups, 163-164;
Roman customs, 161;
in and about Hungary, 157, 158-159;
Pindus mountains, map, 203

Russ, 16

Russia, 15, 16;
advances southwesterly, 243;
Baltic provinces, 103-108;
Bessarabia and Rumania, 172, 173;
different languages, 18;
Finland and, 101, 103;
German settlements in, 343-344;
Germany and, 330-332;
Jewish segregation, 124;
Jews in Polish provinces, 123;
Poland and, 121;
Polish provinces, table, 139-140;
sketch-map showing classification, 112;
Turkey and, 236, 237, 244-245, 250, 264, 266-267

Russian, 15;
Asiatic influence, 16-17;
blending of dialects, 18;
Finland, 103;
origin of modern, 16

Russians, divisions, 136;
original, 132

Russification, 106, 108

Ruthenia, 16

Ruthenians, 114, 126, 130, 131, 168;
Bukovina, 168, 170, 171-172;
Slav type, 132


Sabeans, 298, 303, 306

St. Bernard passes, 52

Salonica, 181, 213-214

Samaan mountains, 303

Samsoun-to-Sivas railroad, 250, 266

San Juan de Medua, 199

Sanskrit, 104

Sardinia, 64

Sarmatians, 175, 176

Sasseno, 200, 201

Saxon, 158

Saxon colony in Hungary, 157, 158

Saxonian, 13

Scandinavian languages, 93-100

Schelde, 19, 20, 30

Schleswig, 93-97

Schleswig-Holstein, 341;
Germanization, 95;
problem, 93-97;
sketch-map of languages from Danish viewpoint, 97;
sketch-map of languages from German viewpoint, 96

Scutari, 180, 199

Scutari Lake, 195, 196

Scythians, 175

Sephardim, 301

Serbia, 182, 243, 337, 338;
Adriatic and, 180;
Austrian ultimatum, 181;
claims on Macedonia, 211-212;
history and politics, 186;
linguistic area, 186-189;
nationality, 191;
poetry, 321-322

Serbian, area, 181-182;
Bulgarian transition dialect, 212

Serbo-Croatian in the Dalmatian islands, 76

Serbo-Croats, 79, 136, 184-185

Serbs, 81, 85, 88;
Balkan, 174-191;
culture, 184;
religion and nationality, 182-183;
three groups, 182

Sette communi, 68-69;
map of German speech in, 69

Shmuds, 104

Siberia, 17

Silesia, 116.
See also Upper Silesia

Silk, 246

Simplon tunnel, 52

Sinjar range, 303, 304

Sivas, 250, 266

Skip, 192

Skipetars, 189, 192, 193

Slavic, xv, 9;
Russian as a form of, 15

Slavicization, 101;
Balkan peninsula, 165

Slavonia, 182, 184

Slavs, 6;
Adriatic provinces, 76;
Austria-Hungary, 82;
Baltic, 108;
Bohemian and Moravian, 141;
Dalmatia, 85, 86, 87;
early home, 7;
fusion with aliens, 108;
German-speaking, 134;
Italy, 78, 88-89;
Karst and Adriatic, 77-78;
languages in Austria, sketch-map, 183;
Macedonian, 202, 206;
map of Molise group in Italy, 89;
Naples, 88;
note on, 136-137;
Poland, 111;
southern unity, 185, 337-338;
Teutonic clash, 181, 330-332;
type, 132

Slovakian, 151;
Hungarian northern boundary, 152

Slovaks, 114, 136, 150-153;
Moravian, 149, 150;
outside their native land, 153

Slovene, Italy, 76;
linguistic area, 76-81;
map showing area in Austria and parts of Italy, 81

Slovenes, 136

Sorabes, 133

Spalato, 77, 86

Stapelländern, 326

Steppes, 15-18

Strassburg, 37, 38, 41

Suez Canal, 178, 223

Suwalki, 132

Svatopuk, 150

Swabians, 170

Sweden, 100, 101;
Finland and, 102, 103

Swedish, 100, 102;
Finland, 103

Switzerland, distribution of languages, tables, 57, 58;
languages, 326-327;
linguistic boundary between French and German (with map), 49-58;
nationality, 54;
Valais and German, 66-67

Syria, 226, 250, 272, 303;
France and, 245-246, 264, 265;
French states in time of Crusades, map, 245

Syrians, 296-298;
Nestorians and, 305

Széchenyi, Stephen, 155

Szekler, 157, 159, 170


Tahtajis, 285

Tatar, 16, 101, 102, 166, 167

Tatars, 177;
invasion of southern Poland, 113;
Turks and, 279-280

Taurus, 229-230, 258, 259

Tchan, 284

Temesvar, 188

Teutonic Knights, 104, 105, 118, 119, 120, 132

Teutons, Celtic influence, 14;
early home, 6;
Slavs and, 181, 330-332.
See also Germany

Thessaly, 217

Thrace,