a.
The fly-wheel or its equivalent.
b.
Springs. See Section 80.
c.
Weights.
d.
Air or gas compressed into a reservoir; air vessel, bellows. See Section 7.
e.
Water raised into an elevated reservoir or tank, or pumped into a loaded accumulator. Variable Pressure Accumulator, No. 1586.
f.
Electricity stored in accumulators.
g.
Explosives.
h.
Pendulum. Sometimes used to accumulate power to be given out suddenly, as in punching.
a. The fly-wheel or its equivalent.
b. Springs. See Section 80.
c. Weights.
d. Air or gas compressed into a reservoir; air vessel, bellows. See Section 7.
e. Water raised into an elevated reservoir or tank, or pumped into a loaded accumulator. Variable Pressure Accumulator, No. 1586.
f. Electricity stored in accumulators.
g. Explosives.
h. Pendulum. Sometimes used to accumulate power to be given out suddenly, as in punching.
(See Circular and Reciprocating Motion, Section 21).
(See Pawl and Ratchet Motions, Section 62).
a. The ordinary winch and crank handle.
b. Winch, worked by an endless hand rope and wheel, similar to Nos. 1210, 1220.
1210. Hand rope and barrel hoist. In this machine gearing may be interposed between the hand rope wheel and rope drum to increase the power and reduce speed.
c.
Differential blocks of various patterns (see Weston’s, Pickering’s, Moore’s, &c.). See Section 31.
d.
By screw gear, as in the ordinary screw jack. Sec. 78.
e.
Rack and pinion gear. See No. 754.
f.
Worm and wheel gear. See Section 84.
c. Differential blocks of various patterns (see Weston’s, Pickering’s, Moore’s, &c.). See Section 31.
d. By screw gear, as in the ordinary screw jack. Sec. 78.
e. Rack and pinion gear. See No. 754.
f. Worm and wheel gear. See Section 84.
Note as to brake wheels: these should always be upon the load shaft so that the braking is not transmitted to the load through toothed gearing. Worm gear usually will not sustain a load without a brake wheel, unless there is an excess of friction which should not exist.
g. Friction gear. See Section 38.
This may be applied to any of the above as follows:—
a or b. To the ordinary winch by either gearing (see Section 84), belts (see Section 3), or friction gear (see Section 38).
b.
By gripping the endless rope between grip wheels (see 1208) the small wheel can be thrown into gear to grip the rope by a lever, cam or screw.
c.
Differential gear may be driven from a shaft by belts or gearing. See Sections 84 and 3.
d.
Screw gear. Ditto.
e.
Rack gear. Ditto.
f.
Worm and wheel gear. Ditto.
g.
Friction gear is usually driven as No. 1211.
b. By gripping the endless rope between grip wheels (see 1208) the small wheel can be thrown into gear to grip the rope by a lever, cam or screw.
c. Differential gear may be driven from a shaft by belts or gearing. See Sections 84 and 3.
d. Screw gear. Ditto.
e. Rack gear. Ditto.
f. Worm and wheel gear. Ditto.
g. Friction gear is usually driven as No. 1211.
1211. Where the barrel shaft has a slight horizontal movement, so that, by the lever, it can be forced into gear with the friction pinion to raise the load, or into the brake block to sustain the load or lower it.
Grooved friction V gearing is also sometimes used. See No. 667.
The direct-acting plan is simply a ram and cylinder, as in the hydraulic press, the ram being as long as the height of travel of the cage. For multiplying cylinder hydraulic gear, see Section 42.
Balancing the dead load of cage, &c. This is usually done by weights attached to the end of ropes running over overhead pulleys and fastened to the cage, as in No. 370, or by an auxiliary cylinder and ram of short stroke loaded to the required weight, and communicating with the lift cylinder by a pipe. See Section 20.
a.
An hydraulic cylinder and piston may be used, to which the cage is directly attached either above or below, the cage or platform being overbalanced by a counterbalance weight and rope (running over a pulley as No. 370), which is sufficient to raise it empty. The speed is controlled by a pass valve which allows the water to pass from one side of the piston to the other. See Section 5.
b.
An ordinary V wheel and brake wheel may be used, the cage being overbalanced as last described; the motion is controlled solely by the brake. Or, an hydraulic brake cylinder may be used in connection with a rope or chain attached to the cage. See note to Section 5.
a. An hydraulic cylinder and piston may be used, to which the cage is directly attached either above or below, the cage or platform being overbalanced by a counterbalance weight and rope (running over a pulley as No. 370), which is sufficient to raise it empty. The speed is controlled by a pass valve which allows the water to pass from one side of the piston to the other. See Section 5.
b. An ordinary V wheel and brake wheel may be used, the cage being overbalanced as last described; the motion is controlled solely by the brake. Or, an hydraulic brake cylinder may be used in connection with a rope or chain attached to the cage. See note to Section 5.
Other hoisting devices are:
Direct-acting steam or air cylinders, the piston rods being coupled direct to the cage.
Air vessels, on the principle of the gasometer, but of a height equal to the travel, and diameter proportional to the pressure of air employed.
1212. Internal screw elevator. The vertical shaft has a feather groove, and carries a double crosshead with a wheel at each end, which run on the spiral guides and raise the cage.
1213. Screw elevator, for ice, &c. Vertical creeper.
1214. Travelling hoist, with in and out motion and rope.
1215. Steam digger and hoist.
1216. Hauling capstan. The rope, which is payed on and off the barrel, “fleets” itself as it travels along the barrel owing to its conical shaped flanges.
1217. Richmond’s patent differential telescopic hydraulic lift. The water under each piston is forced into the next cylinder above, so that the rams all travel upwards at proportional speeds, so as to reach the top of their stroke at the same time.
1218. Self-sustaining gear. The revolution of the pinion tends to lift the barrel and its brake wheel out of the brake; lowering is performed by relieving the brake wheel by a lever which raises it from the brake. Cherry’s patent.
1219. Belt hoist. Worked by a loose vertical belt, which is tightened by the lever and pulley when required to hoist, and in lowering a load the belt friction acts as a brake.
1220. Travelling hand hoist, with endless rope.
1221. Travelling cathead hoist. The cathead can be run back with its load; the winch is sometimes fixed to the travelling beam and moves in and out with it.
1222. Winding engine, usual type for direct acting.
1223. Geared winding engine.
1224. Steam winch, horizontal arrangement.
1225. Steam winch, diagonal arrangement.
1226. Steam winch, horizontal worm-gear plan.
1227. Continuous lift, for parcels, &c. Has a number of small cages, boxes, or platforms suspended from horizontal pivots in two endless chains; the cages are guided so as always to hang vertical.
1228. Continuous lift, for passengers. Sometimes the cages are suspended from two endless chains at their tops, as last described; or sometimes from two endless chains, but with attachments to the cages at corners diagonally opposite each other; and sometimes from a single endless chain at the back, provided with guides, &c.
1229. Continuous barrel hoist.
See also Cranes, Section 18.
1230. The pivots of two rollers or shafts bear against the inside of a stiff ring producing rolling contact, but the rollers or shafts must run in the same direction. Used for roller mills, &c.
1231. The same device, but for three rollers or shafts.
1232. The shaft is guided vertically and its weight is borne by a large roller with small pivots.
1233. The shaft runs in the V between two rollers as last described.
1234. Roller or ball bearing. The friction is least when the rollers have end pivots to run in loose rings so that the rollers are kept apart and do not rub each other in revolving.
1235. Hydraulic bearing, the shaft being sustained by water (or preferably oil) pressure.
1236. Vertical shaft, with cone rollers.
1237. Vertical shaft, with ball bearing.
1238. Vertical shaft, flanged and coned for cone rollers.
1239. Ordinary swivelling castor.
1240. Ball castor.
(See also Section 66.)
1241. Pulley for round rope without any grip.
1242. Round grooved pulley for round rope with gripping snugs.
1243. V pulley for round rope; pithead pulley.
Pulley for wire rope transmission, high speed with wood bedding. See Section 66, No. 1202.
Multiple rope gripping pulley for rope driving. See Section 66, No. 1200.
1244. Belt pulley, flat fare.
1245. Belt pulley, crown face. The rounding tends to keep the belt from running off.
1246. Flanged belt pulley.
1247. Speed cone for belt.
1248. Round grooved chain pulley.
1249. Double grooved chain pulley; prevents the chain twisting.
1250. Pitched chain snug pulley or sprocket pulley. The pitch of snugs should be slightly longer than the chain, to allow for wear and stretching of the chain.
1251. Chain sprocket wheel, for long link chain at slow speeds.
1252. Sprocket wheel, for long flat link pitched chains.
1253 & 1254. Sections of rim showing single and double links.
1255. Sprocket wheel, for Ewart’s patent pitched chains. See Chains &c., Section 11.
1256. Square mesh wire gauze.
1257. Perforated plate.
1258. Parallel bars or wires.
1259. Hexagon or triangular mesh wire work.
1260. Slit and square hole perforations, used for seeds, &c.
A form of variable mesh is manufactured by parallel series of diagonal bars jointed by pins to sliding cross-bars, so that the angle of the mesh bars can be altered and thus the spaces reduced or enlarged, on the same principle as No. 617.
1261. Sloping screen.
1262. Cylindrical or slope reel screen.
1263. Cylindrical graduated screen or sizer.
1264. Rotary screen, with rolling bevil gear motion. See No. 711.
1265. Rotary horizontal screen.
1266. Shaking or jigging screen. Sometimes supplied with a blast or aspirator to carry off the lighter particles.
1267. Eccentric or angular barrel screen or mixer.
1268. Air blast sizing or graduating apparatus.
1269. Edison’s magnetic sizing apparatus for iron or steel particles.
1270. Graduating or sizing screens, either fixed as shown or kept in motion like No. 1266.
See also Concentrating and Separating, Section 26.
1271. Square bar rails.
1272. L-iron tram road; often made of cast-iron with the joints dove-tailed together.
1273. T-iron tram road.
1274. Tram road, with flanged plates for ordinary vehicles.
1275. Tram road, with one channel plate and one flat plate.
1276. Bridge rail.
1277. Bulb-head flanged rail.
1278. Double headed rail.
1279. “Barlow” rail.
1280. Bulb rail.
1281. Flush grooved tramway rail. See Nos. 1839-1841.
1282. Rolled joist rail.
1283. Bulb-iron rail.
1284. Edge’s patent perforated rail and toothed wheel.
Many forms of combined chair and sleeper are manufactured in wrought iron and steel.
1285. Left-hand switch.
1286. Shunting carriage, for transverse shunting; carries a short section of the main road and runs across it on independent rails laid on a lower level; often used instead of a turntable for shunting.
1287. Tramway switch.
1288. Right and left-hand switch and crossing, showing arrangement of guard-rails.
1289. Flat bar on edge rail.
See Section 99 for other sections of rails.
For Reversing Gear of Steam Engines, see Section 79.
1290. Reversible driving motion by open and crossed belts, with two loose and one fast pulleys.
1291. Reversible driving motion by single belt, two fast pulleys and one loose ditto and bevil gear, one bevil pinion having a sleeve to which its fast pulley is keyed, the other bevil pinion being keyed to the shaft.
1292. Reversible driving motion by single belt, with quick and slow motions; a modification of the last.
1293. By double clutch and bevil gear.
1294. Reversing friction cones or bevils.
1295. Three-wheel gear. The driving wheel A can be put into gear either with the driven wheel C or idle wheel B.
1296. Double clutch and spur gear reversing motion, with idle wheel.
1297. Reversing pinions, as used on the ordinary screw-cutting lathe. There are many varieties of this gear in use.
1298. Application of single belt gear to No. 1296.
1299. Self-reversing gear, with one belt, two fast and one loose pulleys. The large spur wheel is driven from the bevil gear, and carries the weighted lever past the vertical position by a stop on the face-plate or disc, when it falls over and reverses the belt fork. See No. 1026.
1300. Self-reversing gear, as applied to planing machines. The stops can be set at any required distance apart, to alter the length of travel of the machine bed. This plan requires a heavy table to carry the belt across the loose pulley to the other fast pulley.
1301. Reversible belt-shifting hand gear.
1302. Right and left hand screw reversing traverse motion. Each lever has a half nut, which can be put in gear with the screw to drive either way. See also No. 163.
1303. Best form of fast and loose pulleys for open and crossed belt reversing gear, as used in No. 1290; the fast pulley is rather larger in diameter than the two loose ones.
1304. Single-belt reversing pulleys, the reverse motion on the shaft being obtained by intercepting an idle wheel A between the epicycloidal wheel B and the shaft pinion C, the middle pulley being the loose one; the idle wheel is carried by a fixed bracket and pin.
Note.—Reversible motion can be obtained direct from any steam engine fitted with reversing motion. See Valve Motions, No. 1436, &c.
Segment Reversing Gear, No. 724.
Nearly all rotary engines can be used either as motors, pumps, blowers, or meters, and most of the following typical devices have been applied to all four purposes. Most of them are reversible by simply reversing the direction of the motor fluid.
1305. Disston’s; used as a pressure blower.
1306. Root’s, blower and pump.
1307. Root’s.
1308. Mackenzie’s; may have one, two, or three vanes.
1309. Gould’s.
1310. Bagley and Sewall’s.
1311. Greindl’s rotary pump.
1312, 1313, 1314, & 1315. Varieties of intergeared piston rotary engines.