The Project Gutenberg eBook of Mexico and Her People of To-day, by Nevin O. (Nevin Otto) Winter

Ballou, M. M.: Aztec Land. Boston, 1890.

Bancroft, H. H.: History of Mexico. 6 vols. San Francisco, 1888.

Bandelier, A. F.: Report of an Archeological Tour. Boston, 1885.

Beart, Lucien: The Aztecs, their History, Manners and Customs. From the French. Chicago, 1900.

Bishop, W. H.: Old Mexico and Her Lost Provinces. New York, 1883.

Brooks, N. C.: History of the Mexican War. Philadelphia, 1849.

Charnay, Desiré: Ancient Cities of the New World. Translated from French. New York, 1887.

Conklin, Howard: Mexico and the Mexicans. New York, 1883.

Creelman, James: Diaz: Master of Mexico. New York, 1910.

Diaz del Castillo, Bernal: The True History of the Conquest of Mexico. Written in 1568. Translation. New York, 1803.

Edwards, William Seymour: On the Mexican Highlands. Cincinnati, 1906.

Flandrau, C. M.: Viva Mexico. New York, 1908.

Gadnow, Hans: Through Southern Mexico. New York, 1908.

Gooch, Fannie C.: Face to Face with the Mexicans. New York, 1887.

Griffin, S. B.: Mexico of To-day. New York, 1886.

Hale, Susan: Story of Mexico. New York, 1889.

Haven, Gilbert: Our Next Door Neighbor: A Winter in Mexico. New York, 1875.

Humboldt, Alexander von: Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain. London, 1822.

Kirkham, Stanton Davis: Mexican Trials. Boston, 1909.

Lumholtz, Carl: Unknown Mexico. 2 vols. New York, 1902.

Lummis, Charles F.: The Awakening of a Nation. New York, 1899.

Martin, Percy F.: Mexico of the Twentieth Century. London, 1907.

Mayer, Brantz: Mexico as It Was and Is. London, 1844.

Noll, A. H.: A Short History of Mexico. Chicago, 1903.

Ober, Frederick A.: Travels in Mexico. Boston, 1885.

Prescott, W. H.: Conquest of Mexico. 1843.

Romero, Matias: Mexico and the United States. New York, 1898.

Smith, F. H.: A White Umbrella in Mexico. Boston. 1889.

Starr, Frederick: In Indian Mexico. Chicago, 1908.

Stephens, John L.: Incidents of Travel in Yucatan. New York, 1843.

Stevenson, Sara: Maximilian in Mexico. New York, 1899.

Tweedie, Mrs. Alec: The Maker of Modern Mexico: Porfirio Diaz. London, 1906.

Wallace, Dillon: Beyond the Mexican Sierras. Chicago, 1910.

INDEX

Acapulco, 99, 299, 382.

Agriculture, 464-467.

Agave Americana, 41.

Aguador (water carrier), 221.

Agua miel (honey-water), 43.

Aguas Calientes, 36, 219, 298.

Aqueduct of Oaxaca, 116;

of Querétero, 35.

Ahuehuete (cypress) of Chapultepec, 86;

of Popotla, 78;

of Tule, 153.

Alameda, The, 56, 69.

Alamo, Battle of the, 360.

Alcabales, Abolishment of, 293.

Alhondiga de Granaditas, The, of Guanajuato, 348, 349.

Altata, 429.

Alvaredo, Pedro, 279.

American Capital in Mexico, 280.

American Colony, 53.

Anahuac, Valley of, 74 et seq.

Apam, Plains of, 41, 91.

Architecture, Mexican, 47, 271-273.

Army, The Mexican, 334-337.

Art in Mexico, 270.

Auto-da-fé, The first, 345.

Aztecs, History of the, 11, 75;

Subjugation of, 14-16;

Descendants of, 183 et seq.;

Markets of, 217-218;

Celebrations of, 235.

Banana, Culture of the, 106-108, 431.

Baptism of Indians, 309.

Baptist Missions, 324-326.

Bargaining, 125, 220.

Barra, Francisco de la, 406, 413.

Bear, Playing the, 48, 170-172.

Beggars, Mexican, 242, 340.

Belem, Prison of, 317.

Boca del Monte, 91.

Bonanzas (meaning mines worked at great profit), 275 et seq.

Books, first printed in Mexico, 259.

Borda, Joseph de la, 276.

Buena Vista, Battle of, 27.

Bull-fight, 243 et seq.

Bull-ring, 245.

Cacao, 105, 109.

Campo Santo, 63.

Capitals, Population of the, 479.

Cargadors (burden-bearers), 195-199.

Cart, Mexican, 120.

Casa (meaning home), 163, 210-211.

Casas Grandes, 403, 425.

Cathedral of Capital, 60, 321-323.

Catorce, 283, 330.

Cattle ranches, 36, 128, 417, 418-419.

Celaya, 297, 298.

Celebrations in honour of the Virgin of Guadalupe, 236 et seq.

Cemeteries, 63.

Centennial of Independence, 1910, 73, 396-398.

Central Railway, 297-299.

Cerro (a hill) de las Campañas, 35.

Chalco, Lake, 74.

Chamber of Deputies, The, 18.

Chapala, Lake, 9.

Chapultepec, 86;

military academy, 337.

Chiapas, State of, 304.

Chichen Itza, 441-447.

Chihuahua, City of, 36, 298, 405, 417-419, 422;

State of, 36, 398, 401, 415, 424;

Execution of Hidalgo at, 349.

Chinampas, or floating gardens, 82.

Chilpantzingo, 350.

Cholula, 78, 148;

Pyramid of, 113, 149, 150.

Chorubusco, 363.

Christmas celebrations, 227-232.

Churches, Mexican, 271-273.

Church, The Mexican, 308 et seq.

Cinco de Mayo, Victory of, 37, 374;

Street of, 50.

Ciudad Juarez, 401, 402, 404, 405, 416, 424.

Climate of the Capital, 54-55;

Variety of, 8;

of Oaxaca, 123.

Coahuila, State of, 27.

Coal, 288-289.

Coatzacoalcos, 99, 137, 139.

Cock-fighting, 33.

Coffee culture, 94, 106, 431.

Colonia Juarez, 425.

Comonfort, President, 315.

Congress, First Mexican, 350;

Second, 354;

of to-day, 18.

Congregational Missions, 324-326.

Conquest, Manner of the, 14-16, 77.

Conquistadores (conquerors), Vandalism and nature of, 13.

Contrasts, A land of, 45.

Copper, Production of, 228.

Cordillerias, The, 26.

Cordoba, 94, 301;

Treaty of, 353.

Corral, Hon. Ramon, 405.

Cortez, 77, 111;

Defeat of, 78;

as governor, 343;

Landing of, 95;

and his followers, 13-16.

Cosmopolitan character of City of Mexico, 59.

Coyoacan, 85.

Creole, The, 51, 162;

women, 165-166.

Cuautla, Battle of, 350.

Cuernevaca, 299.

Cuilapa, 358.

Cuitzeo, Lake, 9.

Culiacan, 429.

Curandera (native doctor), 222-224.

Currency reform, 459.

Customs, Domestic, 167;

Strange, 201 et seq.;

officials, polite, 22, 482.

Cypress of Noche Triste, 78;

of Chapultepec, 86;

of Tule, 153.

Denouncing a mining claim, 287.

Desierto, El, 85.

Diaz, Bernal, 262.

Diaz, Porfirio, 18-19;

Birthplace of, 116;

and education, 264;

encouragement of railroads, 296;

and Protestantism, 325;

organizes Rurales, 331-333;

Sketch of, 369 et seq.;

Revolution against, 396 et seq.

Diego Juan, Vision of, 236-238.

Dolores Hidalgo, 34, 347.

Douglass, 402.

Dude, The Mexican, 57.

Dulces (Mexican candy), 220.

Durango, 36, 278;

Mountain of iron in, 288;

State of, 415.

Easter, Celebration of, 232-234.

Education in Mexico, 257 et seq.;

of soldiers, 335.

Ejutla, 283.

El Paso, 401, 404, 416, 481.

Embrace, A Mexican, 47.

English language, Teaching of, 267.

Ensenada, 434.

Esperanza, 91.

Evangelista (letter-writer), 220.

Exclusiveness of Mexicans, 164, 210.

Exports and imports, 459-460.

Farming in the tropics, 106;

Antiquated, 123, 465.

Feasts and festivals, 225 et seq.

Feather work, Aztec, 218.

Federal District, Schools of, 265.

Ferrocarriles Mexicanos, 294 et seq.

Fibre-producing plants, 40.

Fiesta, 190, 225;

at Oaxaca, 117;

at Guadalupe, 236 et seq.;

de las Flores, 235.

Finances of Mexico, 458-459.

Floating gardens, 82-84.

Flower market, The, 67.

Frijoles, 216.

Funeral cars, 62.

Germans, Affiliation of, 38.

Goat raising, 417.

Gold of Aztecs, 285;

Production of, 288.

Gomez, Vasquez, 410.

Gondola, The Mexican, 82.

Gonzalez, Manuel, 384.

Graphite, 289.

Grasshoppers as food, 81.

Gringo, a term of derision originally applied to foreigners.

Grito, The, 347.

Guadalajara, 37, 219, 299, 426, 428.

Guadalupe, Town of, 240-242;

Church of, 238;

Virgin of, 236-242.

Guadalupe-Hidalgo, Treaty of, 363.

Guanajuato, 36, 277, 283;

Battle at, 348, 383.

Guatemotzin, eleventh and last Aztec Emperor, 78.

Guaymas, 99, 301, 428.

Guaxaca (See Oaxaca).

Guerrero, The patriot, 352, 357.

Guatemala City, Bull fight in, 252;

Earthquake in, 260;

Theatre of, 284.

Hacienda, The, 27-30;

of Mitla, 124-128;

of Zuloaga, 418-420;

Labour on, 189.

Hacendado, The, 28, 52.

Henequen, 40-41.

Hermosillo, 301, 427-428.

Hidalgo, Miguel, 347-349, 392, 397.

Hidalgo Railway, 297.

Holidays, 190, 225 et seq.

Home, Regard for, 163, 210.

Horsemen, Mexican, 57.

Huamantla, 381.

Huitzilopoxtli, 308.

Iglesias, 382-383, 387, 388.

Improvements, Contemplated, in Capital, 71-73.

Independence, Declaration of, 350.

Indians, 183 et seq., 421-424;

habits and characteristics, 58;

of the hotlands, 103;

cargadors, 195-199;

market, 120-122;

Independent tribe of, 115;

miners, 280.

Inquisition, Establishment of the, 345.

International Railway, 297.

Interoceanic Railway, 297.

Irapuato, 298, 299.

Iron, 288.

Irrigation, Benefits of, 39.

Iturbide, Agustin de, 352-356;

Hotel, 356.

Ixtaccihuatl, Volcano of, 87, 113.

Ixtlan, 373.

Ixtle, 23.

Japanese, Resemblance of Mexicans to, 10.

Jardenas flotandas, 82-84.

Jesuits, The, 258.

Juarez, Benito, Birthplace of, 116;

attitude toward education, 264;

crushes temporal power of the Church, 315;

favours Diaz, 371;

sketch of career, 364-368, 388.

Judas, Burning of, 233.

Judicial System, 467-469.

Labourers, Mexican, 183 et seq.

Lajartija, (Mexican dude), 57.

La Paz, 434, 436.

Laredo, 481.

Las Madres, 415.

Lead, 289.

Legal customs, 207-209.

Leon, 36, 298.

Leperos, 339, 340.

Lerdo, 368, 379, 382, 385, 387, 388.

Liberty Bell, The, of Mexico, 69.

Library, National, 269.

Limantour, Minister of Finance, 298, 459.

Literary men, 262 et seq.

Literature, Mexican, 258 et seq.

Lovemaking, Mexican, 170-172.

Lower California, 306, 431-437.

Madero Family, 400, 411.

Madero, Francisco, 400, 401, 403, 404, 406-408, 410-414, 435.

Madrid, Bull-ring of, 244;

Bull-fight in, 253.

Magdalena, 426.

Magdalena Bay, 435.

Maguey, 41-45.

Mal Paso, 400.

Maltrata, 92.

Mañana, The Land of, 204.

Manzanillo, 99, 299.

Markets, Ancient, 217-218;

of capital, 218;

of Oaxaca, 117-119;

of Tehuantepec, 132.

Marsh-flies as food, 81.

Matamoros, 380.

Maximilian, 264, 315, 366-367, 390;

Execution of, 34-35.

Mayas, The, 438 et seq.

Mazatlan, 99, 279, 429-430.

Mendoza, Viceroy, 258, 344.

Merchants, Aztec, 329.

Mesas, 26.

Mescal (native brandy), 45.

Mestizos, 184.

Metate, 178, 215.

Methodist Missions, 324, 326.

Mexican races, Origin of, 10.

Mexican, Conservatism of, 52, 174;

his view of Anglo-Saxon, 20.

Mexican Central Railway, 80, 297-299.

Mexican National Railway, Route of, 24 et seq., 297-298.

Mexican Railway, 90 et seq., 299.

Mexican Southern Railway, 112-114, 300.

Mexico, Antiquity of, 3;

Resources of, 19;

The United States of, 18.

Miñaca, 420.

Mines of Mexico, 274 et seq., 427, 434.

Missions, Protestant, in Mexico, 324-327.

Mitla, Village of, 152;

Ruins of, 152 et seq.;

Hacienda of, 124-127, 154.

Molino del Rey (the king’s mill), 88, 363.

Monte de Piedad, 61.

Monte las Cruces, Battle of, 349.

Monterey, 24-25, 297, 299, 417;

Battle of, 25.

Montezuma, 199.

Moon, Pyramid of the, 147.

Morelas, Jose Maria, 350-352.

Morelia, 268, 351, 352.

Mormon Colony, 425-426.

Mountains, 24, 415 et seq.

Mozo, a servant.

Museum, National, 269.

Nahuals, 75.

National Palace, The, 322.

National Railway, 297.

Navarro, General, 404-405.

Newspapers and periodicals, 260-261.

Noche Bueno, 227.

Noche Triste, Tree of, 78.

Nochistongo cut, 80.

No es costumbre, 213-214.

Nogales, 402, 426.

No hay, 220.

“Northers,” The, 7, 98.

Notaries, Mexican, 209.

Nuevo Leon, State of, 24.

Oaxaca, 111 et seq., 300, 371, 381;

Markets of, 117-119;

Valley of, 111, 151-152;

Mines of, 283.

O’Donoju, Viceroy, 353.

Ojinaga, 400.

Oñata, Juan de, 276.

Oranges, 109, 431.

Orient, Resemblance to, 1-3, 121-123.

Oriental habits of women, 162.

Orizaba, 93, 366;

Volcano of, 91, 113.

Orozco, Pascual, 404-405.

Pachuca, 282, 297, 405.

Padilla, 355.

Palace, The National, 68-69.

Palenque, 441, 451-455.

Palo Alto, Battle of, 361.

Panama Canal, A competitor of, 136 et seq.

Pan American Railroad, 303-305.

Panteon of Guanajuato, 284;

National, 72.

Paseo de la Reforma, 56, 69.

Patio (courtyard) in houses, 47.

Patio process, 279, 281.

Patzcuaro, Lake, 9, 270.

Pawnshop, The National, 61.

Peon, The, 183 et seq.;

as a soldier, 334-335.

Peonage, 188-189, 191-192, 390.

Pertenencia, a mining claim, 287.

Petroleum, Production of, 289.

Piedad, Monte de, 277.

Pijijiapam, 304.

Piñate, Breaking the, 231-232.

Plateaus, The, 26, 295.

Plaza Mayor, 68;

de Toros, 245.

Poets and poetry, Mexican, 262-264.

Police, The, 336, 341.

Politeness, 209.

Popocatapetl, 87, 89, 113.

Popotla, Village of, 78.

Poppies, Feast of the, 235.

Population of Mexico, 9;

of states and capitals, 479.

Posadas, The, 228-232.

Pottery, Mexican, 119, 219.

Presbyterian Missions, 324, 326.

Printing press, First, 259.

Prisons, schools in, 267.

Procrastination, A land of, 203-205.

Protestantism in Mexico, 317, 324-327.

Puebla, 37-39, 113, 297, 383, 398, 407;

city of churches, 321;

house of the inquisition in, 345;

Battles at, 374, 378.

Pulque, 41, 66;

shop, 65-67.

Pyramid of Cholula, 113, 149, 150;

of the Sun, 147;

of the Moon, 147.

Quetzalcoatl, 149, 235.

Querétero, 34, 298.

Railroads, Mexican, 143, 290 et seq., 417-418, 481.

Rainfall, 102, 418, 435.

Real del Monte, Mines of, 282.

Rebosa, 59.

Regla, Count of, 277;

Mines of, 282.

Religion of Mexico, 308 et seq.

Reyes, Bernardo, 407-408.

Rincon Antonio, 138.

Robbers and bandits of former days, 328-333.

Ruins of Yucatan, 146, 440 et seq.;

of Mitla, 152 et seq.

Rurales, 331-334, 336.

Sagrario Metropolitano, Church of, 321-322.

Saint, Mexico’s patron, 236.

Saint days, 191.

Salina Cruz, 99, 137, 139 et seq., 481.

Saltillo, 27, 297.

San Antonio, Texas, 22.

San Benito, 305.

San Blas, 99.

San Cristobal, Lake, 74.

San Cristobal Ecatepec, 351.

San Geronimo, 304.

San Juan de Ulua, Fort of, 98, 356.

San Juan Teotihuacan, 146-148.

San Luis Potosi, City of, 30 et seq., 297, 299;

State of, 30.

Santa Anita, Village of, 83.

Santa Anna, General, 354, 359-364;

Burial place of, 239.

Santa Lucrecia, 131, 301.

School of fine arts, 270.

Schools, Public, 264-266.

Scott, General, in Mexico, 361, 363.

Seasons, Only two, 7.

Senate, The, 18.

Señoritas, 169.

Serenos, 342.

Sheep Raising, 417.

Shoemaker, Mexican, 221.

Silver, 275 et seq.;

Production of, 287.

Sinaloa, State of, 415, 428-431.

Society in the capital, 53.

Soldiers, Schools for, 267.

Sonora, State of, 398, 415, 427.

Southern Pacific Railway, 301.

States, The, of Mexico, 18;

Area and population of, 479.

Steamship Lines, 469-471.

Streets of the capital, 50.

Suarez, José Maria Pino, 410, 411.

Sugar cane, 109, 429.

Sun, Pyramid of, 147.

Sunday, a day of pleasure, 57.

Tablelands, 26.

Tacuba, 85.

Tacubaya, 85.

Tajo de Nochistongo, 80.

Tamales, 216.

Tampico, 99, 289.

Taotl, an Aztec god, 308.

Tarahumari Indians, 421-424.

Tasco, 277.

Taylor, General, Invasion by, 24 et seq.;

at Palo Alto, 361.

Tecoac, 382.

Tehuacan, 114.

Tehuantepec, Isthmus of, 128, 289 et seq.;

Town of, 132-134;

Women of, 180-181;

National Railway, 136 et seq., 301.

Tejada, Lerdo de (See Lerdo).

Temperature of the tropics, 100, 102;

of the capital, 54.

Tenochtitlan, The ancient capital, 49.

Teocalli, the Aztec, 60, 323.

Tepic, 415, 428, 431.

Tequila (native brandy), 45.

Texcoco, Lake, 49, 74, 81;

Town of, 85.

Thieves, 338-342.

Tia Juana, 401-402, 434-435.

Tierra Blanca, 130.

Tierra caliente, 7, 94, 100-105, 128.

Tierra fria, 6, 25.

Tierra templada, 7, 93.

Tlacolulu, 154.

Tlacochahuaya, 154.

Tolpetlac, Village of, 236.

Toltecs, 12, 75;

Gods of the, 308.

Topo Chico, Springs of, 25.

Topolobampo, 418.

Torreon, 298, 400, 405.

Tortillas, Making of, 178, 215.

Transition, The, in Mexico, 456 et seq.

Travellers, Suggestions for, 481-483.

Tropics, Vegetation of, 94, 100, 133;

Need of, 110;

Railroading in, 301-303.

Tula, 439.

Tule, Big Tree of, 153.

Tzintzuntzan, 270.

United States, War with, 359, 363.

Uxmal, 441, 448-451.

Valenciana, Conde de, 277.

Valley of Mexico, View of, 35, 79, 87.

Vera Cruz, 95-97, 297, 366, 387, 391;

Fall of, 363;

Escape of Diaz, at, 380.

Vera Cruz and Pacific Railway, 131, 301, 481.

Victoria Guadalupe, first president, 356.

Viga canal, 82-84, 235.

Villa Reyes, Great hacienda of, 29.

Volcanoes, Height of, 480.

Vomito, 95-96.

Wages of miners, 287;

of labourers, 188.

Wheat, Introduction of, 39.

Woman, 133, 162 et seq.;

The creole, 165-166.

Xaltocan, Lake, 74.

Xochimilco, Lake, 74.

Yaqui Indians, 427.

Yellow Fever, 95-96.

Young Men’s Christian Association, 327.

Yucatan, Ruins of, 146, 440 et seq.;

Railways in, 306.

Zacatecas, 36, 282, 298.

Zambrano, a Mexican miner, 276.

Zapotec Indians, 160.

Zaragossa, General, Victory of, 37.

Zocalo, The, 67, 68, 231.

Zopilotes (buzzards), 97.

Zuloaga Hacienda, 418-420.

Zumarraga, Bishop, 258.

Zumpango, Lake, 74, 79.