O.

• Oakburn, a cell of Bec, i. 376 (note).
• Odo, Bishop of Bayeux,
  • restored to his earldom, i. 19, ii. 467;
  • his discontent and intrigues, i. 23, 24, ii. 465;
  • his hatred towards Lanfranc, i. 24, 53 (note);
  • his harangue against William Rufus, i. 26, ii. 466;
  • his ravages in Kent, i. 52;
  • occupies Rochester Castle, i. 55;
  • invites Robert over, i. 56;
  • hated by the English, i. 67, 86;
  • moves to Pevensey, i. 70;
  • besieged therein by Rufus, i. 72–76;
  • surrenders on favourable terms, i. 76;
  • his treachery at Rochester, i. 77;
  • besieged therein, i. 79;
  • agrees to surrender, i. 80;
  • Rufus refuses his terms, i. 81;
  • pleadings made for, i. 83;
  • terms granted to, by Rufus, i. 85;
  • his humiliation and banishment, i. 85–87;
  • his influence with Duke Robert, i. 199;
  • his exhortation to him, i. 200;
  • marches with him into Maine, i. 208;
  • his further schemes, i. 211;
  • goes on the first crusade, i. 560;
  • his death and tomb at Palermo, i. 563, 571, ii. 307;
  • said to have married Philip and Bertrada, ii. 172.
• Odo, Abbot of Chertsey,
  • resigns his abbey, i. 350;
  • restored by Henry, ib.
• Odo of Champagne, lord of Holderness,
  • part of the lands of the see of Durham granted to, i. 90;
  • his agreement with the Bishop, i. 93;
  • intervenes on his behalf, i. 109, 117, 120;
  • confiscation of his lands, ii. 66.
• Odo, Duke of Burgundy, his alleged scheme against Anselm, i. 606.
• Ogmore Castle, ii. 86.
• Olaf, Saint, legend of him and Magnus, ii. 139.
• Olaf, son of Godred Crouan, ii. 137, 623.
• Oldbury, ii. 155.
• Omens, William Rufus sneers at the English regard for, ii. 330.
• Ordeal,
  • contempt of William Rufus for, i. 157, 165;
  • Eadmer’s belief in, i. 166 (note).
• Orderic,
  • writes Robert of Rhuddlan’s epitaph, i. 128;
  • his picture of Normandy, i. 271;
  • dictates his writings, i. 272 (note);
  • his account of the expedition of Magnus, ii. 142;
  • the only writer who mentions Eadgyth-Matilda’s change of name, ii. 687.
• Ordgar,
  • his charge against Eadgar Ætheling, ii. 115, 617;
  • story of his duel with Godwine, ii. 115–117, 617;
  • estimate of the story, ii. 117, 615;
  • notices of, in Domesday, ii. 616.
• Ordwine, monk, Anselm’s letters to, ii. 579.
• Orkneys, invaded by Magnus, ii. 140.
• Orm, priest, signs the Durham charter, ii. 536.
• Orm’s Head, the, origin of the name, i. 123 (note).
• Orricus de Stanton, ii. 555.
• Osbern, monk of Bec, various bearers of the name, i. 374 (note).
• Osbern, brother of Flambard, ii. 551.
• Osbern of Orgères, companion of Robert of Rhuddlan, i. 126.
• Osbern of Richard’s Castle, rebels against William Rufus, i. 33.
• Osgod Clapa, his irreverence towards Saint Eadmund, ii. 268.
• Osmund, Bishop of Salisbury,
  • sent with a summons to Bishop William, i. 116;
  • consecrates his cathedral, i. 309;
  • helps at the consecration of the church of Battle, i. 444;
  • absolved by Anselm for his conduct at Rockingham, i. 533;
  • Anselm confers with him at Winchester, i. 586;
  • receives William of Alderi’s confession, ii. 68;
  • not present at his hanging, ib.;
  • his death, i. 351, ii. 302;
  • his signature to the Durham charter, ii. 536.
• Oswald, Saint, King of the Northumbrians,
  • rebuilds the church of Tynemouth, ii. 17, 604;
  • his relic at Bamburgh, ii. 49, 608.
• Oswine, King of Deira,
  • his martyrdom, ii. 17;
  • invention of his relics, ii. 18, 603;
  • his translation, ii. 18, 606.
• Outillé Castle,
  • strengthened by Helias, ii. 275;
  • burned by him, ii. 288.
• Owen, son of Edwin, ii. 424.
• Oystermouth Castle, ii. 103.

P.

• Padua, siege of, i. 173 (note).
• Pagan or Theobald,
  • fortifies Gisors, ii. 186;
  • taken prisoner by Lewis, ii. 186 (note), 190;
  • Gisors restored to, ii. 396.
• Pagan of Montdoubleau,
  • holds Ballon against Duke Robert, i. 209;
  • Orderic’s tale of his forsaking Saint Cenery, i. 469 (note);
  • betrays Ballon to William Rufus, ii. 235.
• Pagan of Turberville,
  • holds Coyty, ii. 87;
  • joins the Welsh, ii. 104.
• Palermo, death and tomb of Odo of Bayeux at, i. 563, 571, ii. 307.
• Palgrave, Sir F.,
  • on chivalry, ii. 508;
  • his condemnation of the crusades, ii. 509;
  • on the alleged Domesday of Randolf Flambard, ii. 562–564;
  • his belief in the legend about Purkis, ii. 679.
• Pallium,
  • elder usage as to, i. 482;
  • not needful for the validity of archiepiscopal acts, i. 483.
• Papacy, English feeling as to the schism in, i. 415.
• Paschal II., Pope,
  • speech of William Rufus on his election, i. 623;
  • Anselm’s letters to, ii. 582.
• Paul, Abbot of Saint Alban’s,
  • Anselm’s friendship with, i. 424;
  • his death, i. 424, ii. 18.
• Paul, Earl of Orkney,
  • taken prisoner by Magnus, ii. 140;
  • his death in Norway, ii. 140, 581.
• Paula, mother of Helias of La Flèche, ii. 196.
• Peckham manor,
  • mortgaged by Anselm to the monks of Christ Church, i. 559;
  • kept by the monks, i. 596.
• Peers, their right of trial, i. 604 (note).
• Pembroke Castle,
  • description of, ii. 96;
  • begun by Arnulf of Montgomery, ib.;
  • later castle, ib.;
  • defended by Gerald of Windsor, ii. 101, 108;
  • surrendered to Henry I. by Arnulf, ii. 450 (note);
  • grant of, by Henry I., ii. 451.
• Pembrokeshire,
  • Flemish settlement in, ii. 70 (note), 74, 88, 615;
  • building of castles in, ii. 93;
  • military character of its buildings, ii. 96.
• Penmon Priory, ii. 129, 130 (note).
• Penrice Castle, ii. 103.
• Percy, house of, beginning of its connexion with Alnwick, ii. 15, 596.
• Perray, castle of, ii. 216.
• Peter of Maule, ii. 252.
• Peterborough, monks of, buy a congé d’élire of Rufus, i. 352.
• Pevensey,
  • held by Robert of Mortain, i. 53, 62;
  • Odo moves to, i. 70;
  • castle of, i. 72;
  • besieged by William Rufus, i. 73–76;
  • attempted landing of the Normans at, i. 74, ii. 468, 481;
  • surrenders, i. 76;
  • Henry I. gathers his fleet at, ii. 404.
• Philip I. of France,
  • marches with Robert against Eu, i. 238;
  • bought off by William Rufus, i. 239;
  • historical importance of this bribe, ib.;
  • mediates between William Rufus and Robert, i. 275, ii. 522;
  • helps Robert against William, i. 463;
  • returns to France, i. 464;
  • bought off by William, i. 466;
  • his position compared with that of Helias of Maine, ii. 169;
  • rebuked by Bishop Ivo of Chartres, i. 559 (note);
  • puts away his first wife, ii. 171;
  • seeks Emma of Sicily in marriage, ii. 171 (note);
  • his adulterous marriage with Bertrada of Montfort, i. 548, ii. 171, 172;
  • denounced by Hugh of Lyons, ii. 173;
  • his excommunication, i. 549, ii. 173;
  • his pretended divorce, ii. 173 (note);
  • his sons by Bertrada, ii. 174;
  • grants the Vexin to Lewis, ii. 175;
  • his letter to Anselm, ii. 580.
• Philip, son of Philip and Bertrada, ii. 174.
• Philip of Braose, supports William Rufus, i. 472.
• Philip, son of Roger of Montgomery,
  • goes on the first crusade, i. 552;
  • conspires against William Rufus, ii. 38;
  • signs the Durham charter, ii. 536.
• Piacenza,
  • Council of, i. 522, 545;
  • no mention of English affairs at, i. 522.
• Pipe Rolls, notices of nomenclature in, ii. 551.
• Poix, lordship of Walter Tirel, ii. 673.
• Ponthieu, acquired by Robert of Bellême, ii. 423.
• Pontlieue, victory of Helias at, ii. 278.
• Pontoise,
  • granted to Lewis by Philip, ii. 175;
  • claimed by William Rufus, ii. 176;
  • withstands William Rufus, ii. 185;
  • castle and town of, ii. 247;
  • the furthest point in the French campaign of William Rufus, ii. 248.
• Pope,
  • William of Saint-Calais appeals to, i. 103, 109;
  • first appeal made to, i. 119;
  • not to be acknowledged without the king’s consent, i. 414;
  • Anselm insists on the acknowledgement, i. 416;
  • question left unsettled, i. 424;
  • no reference to, in the case of English episcopal appointments, i. 425;
  • position of England towards, i. 496.
• Porchester,
  • Duke Robert lands at, ii. 405;
  • church and castle of, ii. 406 (note).
• Powys, advance of Earl Roger in, ii. 97.
• Prisoners, ransom of, i. 464.
• Purkis, the charcoal-burner, legend of, ii. 679.

Q.

• Quatford,
  • Danish fortification at, ii. 152;
  • castle of, ii. 153;
  • Earl Roger’s buildings at, ii. 154;
  • legend of the foundation of the church, ii. 154 (note).

R.

• Radegund, wife of Robert of Geroy, i. 469 (note).
• Radnor, ii. 77.
• Ralph Luffa,
  • Bishop of Chichester, i. 353;
  • at the consecration of the church of Battle, i. 444;
  • whether a mediator between Henry I. and the garrison of Arundel, ii. 430 (note).
• Ralph, Bishop of Coutances, at the consecration of the church of Battle, i. 444.
• Ralph, Abbot of Seez, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury,
  • driven out by Robert of Bellême, i. 184, 242;
  • his alleged share in the surrender of Arundel, ii. 430 (note).
• Ralph of Aix, death of William Rufus attributed to, ii. 325, 334, 663.
• Ralph of Fresnay and Beaumont,
  • truce granted to, by William Rufus, ii. 230;
  • estimate of his conduct, ii. 231;
  • submits to William Rufus, ii. 241.
• Ralph of Mortemer,
  • rebels against William Rufus, i. 34;
  • submits to him, i. 231.
• Ralph Paganel, Sheriff of Yorkshire,
  • his treatment of William of Saint-Calais, i. 31;
  • founds Holy Trinity Priory, York, ib.;
  • his action in regard to Bishop William’s lands, i. 90;
  • at the meeting at Salisbury, i. 111.
• Ralph of Toesny, or Conches,
  • drives out the ducal forces, i. 193;
  • joins Robert’s expedition into Maine, i. 209;
  • his feud with William of Evreux, i. 231, 233, 245;
  • asks help in vain from Duke Robert, i. 234;
  • submits to Rufus, ib.;
  • his treaties with William of Evreux, i. 267, 270;
  • wars against Robert of Meulan, i. 270;
  • supports William Rufus in his second invasion, i. 472;
  • his death, i. 270;
  • entertains William Rufus, ii. 246.
• Ralph of Toesny, the younger, i. 233, 271.
• Ralph of Wacey, his nickname, ii. 193.
• Ralph of Wader, goes on the first crusade, i. 552.
• Rama, siege of, ii. 117 (note), 122.
• Randolf Flambard, Bishop of Durham,
  • feudal developement under, i. 4;
  • his early history, i. 329, ii. 551;
  • said to have been Dean of Twinham, i. 330, ii. 553;
  • his parents, i. 331;
  • origin of his surname, i. 331, ii. 555;
  • his financial skill, i. 331;
  • his probable share in Domesday, i. 331, ii. 552;
  • his alleged new Domesday, i. 332, ii. 562;
  • Justiciar, i. 333, ii. 557;
  • his loss of land for the New Forest, i. 333;
  • his systematic changes and exactions, i. 333, 339, 346, 348;
  • his alleged spoliation of the rich, i. 334, 341;
  • systematizes the feudal tenures, i. 336 et seq.;
  • his theory of land tenure, i. 337;
  • extent of his changes, i. 340;
  • the law-giver of English feudalism, i. 341;
  • suggests the holding of the revenues of vacant sees, i. 345 et seq., ii. 564;
  • his action in keeping the see of Canterbury vacant, i. 363 (note);
  • his suit against Anselm, i. 428;
  • attacks and imprisons Robert son of Godwine, ii. 121;
  • King Eadgar’s action towards, ib.;
  • his exactions, ii. 256;
  • joint regent with Bishop Walkelin, ii. 266;
  • see of Durham granted to, ii. 271;
  • his consecration, ib.;
  • character of the appointment, ii. 272;
  • his buildings at Durham, ii. 60, 272;
  • founds Norham Castle, ib.;
  • his personal character, ii. 273;
  • his penitent end, ii. 274;
  • his dealings with Saint Alban’s Abbey, ii. 359 (note);
  • imprisoned by Henry, ii. 361;
  • his escape, ii. 397;
  • adventures of his mother, ii. 398;
  • stirs Duke Robert up against Henry, ib.;
  • said to have brought about desertions to Duke Robert, ii. 404;
  • receives the revenues of the see of Lisieux under cover of his son, ii. 416;
  • his signature to the Durham charter, ii. 536;
  • entries about, in Domesday, ii. 553;
  • his official position, ii. 557;
  • story of the attempt on his life, ii. 560;
  • his measurement by the rope, ii. 563.
• Randolf Meschines, Earl of Chester, grant of the earldom of Carlisle to, ii. 549.
• Randolf Peverel, ii. 485.
• Randolf, his encounter with Saint Eadmund, ii. 269.
• Ransom, growth of the custom, i. 464.
• Rapes, in Sussex, origin of the name, ii. 564.
• Raymond, Count of Toulouse, refuses to do homage to Alexios, i. 564 (note).
• Redemption of land,
  • as devised by Flambard, i. 337;
  • as reformed by Henry I., i. 338, 353.
• Reginald, Abbot of Abingdon,
  • said to have helped in distributing the Conqueror’s treasure, ii. 265 (note);
  • his death, ii. 265 (note), 381 (note).
• Reginald of Saint Evroul, adorns Robert of Rhuddlan’s tomb, i. 128.
• Reginald of Warren, comes to Robert’s help at Rouen, i. 249, 253.
• Reingar, Bishop of Lucca, his protest in favour of Anselm, i. 622.
• Relief,
  • Flambard’s theory as to, i. 337, 338;
  • enforced by Henry’s charter, i. 338, ii. 353.
• Remigius, Bishop of Lincoln,
  • denounces the slave trade, i. 310;
  • completes the minster, ib.;
  • his dispute with Thomas of York, i. 311;
  • wins over William Rufus, ib.;
  • his death, i. 312;
  • alleged miracles at his tomb, i. 312 (note);
  • his signature to the Durham charter, ii. 536.
• Rémusat, Charles de, his Life of Anselm, i. 325 (note).
• Rhuddlan,
  • attacked by Gruffydd, i. 122;
  • castle of, ii. 77.
• Rhyd-y-gors Castle,
  • built by William Rufus, ii. 97;
  • defence of, ii. 101;
  • gained by the Welsh, ii. 106.
• Rhys ap Tewdwr, King of Deheubarth,
  • driven from and restored to his kingdom, i. 121;
  • his attack on Rhuddlan Castle, i. 122, ii. 78;
  • his defeat and death at Brecknock, ii. 91;
  • effect of his death, ii. 92.
• Rhys ap Thomas, Sir, ii. 95 (note).
• Richard I., compared with William Rufus, i. 290.
• Richard II., recasts Westminster Hall, ii. 262.
• Richard the Good, Duke of the Normans, i. 169.
• Richard, son of Duke Robert, his death, ii. 316.
• Richard,
  • son of Henry I. and Ansfrida, ii. 314, 380;
  • dies in the White Ship, ii. 381.
• Richard, Abbot of Saint Alban’s, ii. 166.
• Richard, Abbot of Ely,
  • his appointment, ii. 360;
  • removed by Anselm, ib.
• Richard of Courcy,
  • besieged by Duke Robert and Robert of Bellême, i. 274;
  • supports William Rufus, i. 472.
• Richard of Montfort, his death before Conches, i. 266.
• Richard of Redvers,
  • supports Henry, i. 221;
  • surrenders to William Rufus, i. 283;
  • joins Henry, i. 320;
  • one of Henry’s inner council, ii. 362;
  • his loyalty to Henry, ii. 399;
  • granted to Henry by Robert, ii. 513.
• Richard Siward, ii. 86.
• Richard Tisone, ii. 596.
• Richer of Laigle, i. 243 (note).
• Richera (Richesa), sister of Anselm, his letters to, ii. 579.
• Robert, Duke of the Normans,
  • assertion of his hereditary right, i. 11 (note), ii. 460;
  • releases Duncan and Wulf, i. 14;
  • his gifts for his father’s soul, i. 18;
  • compared with William Rufus, i. 20, 226;
  • arguments of the rebels in his favour, i. 24 et seq.;
  • invited to England by Odo, i. 56;
  • sends over Robert of Bellême and others, ib.;
  • delays his coming, i. 71, 74;
  • his childish boasting, i. 71;
  • his promises to Odo, i. 72;
  • welcomes Bishop William, i. 117;
  • M. le Hardy’s apology for him, i. 175 (note);
  • William of Malmesbury’s estimate of him, ib.;
  • character of his reign foretold by his father, i. 189;
  • anarchy under him, i. 190, 191;
  • his character, i. 190, 298, ii. 393;
  • spread of vice under him, i. 192;
  • his lavish waste, i. 195;
  • sells the Côtentin and Avranchin to Henry, i. 196, ii. 510–516;
  • imprisons Henry and Robert of Bellême, i. 199;
  • Earl Roger makes war on him, ib.;
  • Odo’s exhortation to him, i. 200;
  • does homage to Fulk of Anjou for Maine, i. 204;
  • Maine submits to him, i. 209;
  • Ballon surrenders to him, i. 210;
  • besieges Saint Cenery, i. 211;
  • blinds Robert Carrel, i. 216;
  • grants Saint Cenery to Robert, grandson of Geroy, i. 217;
  • Alençon and Bellême surrender to him, i. 218;
  • frees Robert of Bellême and Henry, i. 220;
  • asks King Philip to help him against William, i. 237;
  • suspects the loyalty of Maine, ii. 191;
  • asks help of Fulk of Anjou, ii. 192;
  • bargains for the marriage of Fulk and Bertrada, ii. 193, 194;
  • Maine revolts again, ii. 197;
  • his carelessness as to his loss, ii. 200;
  • cleaves to his rights over the bishopric, ib.;
  • marches on Eu, i. 238;
  • a party in Rouen in his favour, i. 248;
  • Henry and Robert of Bellême come to his help, ib.;
  • sent away from Rouen by Henry, i. 255;
  • is brought back, i. 260;
  • his treatment of the citizens, ib.;
  • helps Robert of Bellême in his private wars, i. 273;
  • his treaty with William, i. 275–281, ii. 522, 528;
  • marches against Henry, i. 283;
  • besieges Saint Michael’s Mount, i. 285–292, ii. 528–535;
  • story of his clemency towards Henry, i. 291, ii. 534;
  • accompanies William to England, i. 295, 297;
  • his relations with Malcolm, i. 297, ii. 541 et seq.;
  • mediates between William and Malcolm, i. 301;
  • former homage of Malcolm to him, i. 302, ii. 542;
  • signs the Durham charter, i. 305, ii. 536;
  • his fresh dispute with William, i. 306;
  • leaves England, i. 307;
  • Henry wars against him, i. 321;
  • consents to Anselm’s acceptance of the primacy, i. 406;
  • his challenges to William, i. 435, 436;
  • his meeting with him, i. 461;
  • calls on Philip for help, i. 463;
  • takes La Houlme, i. 465;
  • besieges Montacute, i. 469 (note);
  • Henry again wars against him, i. 470;
  • his eagerness to go on the crusade, i. 552;
  • forced to apply to William for help, i. 553;
  • Abbot Geronto mediates between them, i. 553–555;
  • pledges Normandy to William, i. 555, ii. 506;
  • his conference with William, i. 559;
  • sets forth, i. 560;
  • his conduct as a crusader, i. 560, 564, 565, 566, ii. 394;
  • blessed by Urban at Lucca, i. 561;
  • goes to Rome, ib.;
  • welcomed by Roger of Apulia, ib.;
  • crosses to Dyrrhachion, i. 563;
  • does homage to Alexios at Constantinople, i. 564;
  • his presence at Laodikeia and Jerusalem, i. 564, 565, ii. 300;
  • said to have refused the crown of Jerusalem, i. 566;
  • marries Sibyl of Conversana, ii. 312;
  • his reception in Southern Italy, ib.;
  • returns to Normandy, i. 566, ii. 311, 367;
  • gives thanks at Saint Michael’s for his safe return, ii. 367;
  • his renewed misgovernment, ii. 367, 394;
  • his claims to the English throne, ii. 343, 344, 346;
  • supported by William of Breteuil and other Normans, ii. 346, 347;
  • Norman nobles intrigue with, against Henry I., ii. 366, 368;
  • beginning of his war with Henry, ii. 368;
  • his reply to the garrison of Le Mans, ii. 372;
  • plots on his behalf, ii. 395;
  • his grants and promises, ib.;
  • his fleet, ii. 402;
  • desertions to, ii. 404, 409, 686;
  • lands at Portchester, ii. 405;
  • estimate of his conduct in not besieging Winchester, ii. 406;
  • meets Henry near Alton, ii. 409;
  • threatened with excommunication by Anselm, ii. 410;
  • negotiates with him, ii. 412;
  • personal meeting and treaty between the brothers, ii. 412–415, 538, 688–691;
  • returns to Normandy, ii. 414;
  • Henry negotiates with him, against Robert of Bellême, ii. 426;
  • besieges Vignats, ib.;
  • said to have stood godfather to Eadgyth-Matilda, ii. 602.
• Robert, Bishop of Hereford,
  • foretells the death of Remigius, i. 312;
  • receives Wulfstan’s confession, i. 479;
  • Wulfstan appears to him, i. 480;
  • absolved by Anselm for his conduct at Rockingham, i. 533;
  • Wulfstan appears to him again, ib. and note;
  • his death, i. 535.
• Robert Bloet, Bishop of Lincoln,
  • accompanies William Rufus to England, i. 13;
  • his appointment, i. 395, ii. 584;
  • his character and offices, i. 395, 447, ii. 584 et seq.;
  • Thomas of York claims the right to consecrate him, i. 433;
  • consecrated by Anselm, i. 445–447;
  • bribes Rufus, i. 446;
  • his death, i. 448, ii. 587;
  • local legends about, i. 448, ii. 586;
  • said to have besieged Tickhill, ii. 431;
  • signs the Durham charter, ii. 536;
  • not in good favour with monks, ii. 585;
  • his son Simon, ii. 586;
  • meaning of his name, ii. 588.
• Robert, Bishop of Bath, restores the canons of Wells, ii. 487.
• Robert Losinga, Abbot of New Minster,
  • the abbey bought for him by his son, i. 355;
  • his death, ii. 265 (note), 267.
• Robert, Abbot of Saint Eadmund’s,
  • his appointment, ii. 359;
  • removed by Anselm, ii. 360.
• Robert of Bellême,
  • sent over to England by Duke Robert, i. 57, ii. 465 et seq.;
  • agrees to surrender Rochester, i. 80;
  • pleadings made for him, i. 84;
  • his history and greatness, i. 179, 180;
  • his character, i. 181;
  • his cruelty and enmities, i. 182–184, ii. 151, 222;
  • drives out the ducal garrisons, i. 193, 201;
  • sent against Rufus by Robert, i. 57;
  • returns to Normandy and is imprisoned, i. 199, 219;
  • exhortation of Odo against him, i. 201;
  • released at his father’s prayer, i. 219, 220;
  • his subsequent action, i. 242;
  • drives away Abbot Ralph of Seez, i. 184, 242;
  • comes to the help of Duke Robert, i. 248;
  • helped by Robert against his neighbours, i. 273, 274;
  • his oppression at Domfront, i. 319;
  • succeeds to the Norman estates of his father, i. 180, 473;
  • to his English estates, i. 180, ii. 148;
  • men of Domfront revolt against, i. 319;
  • his action in Wales, ii. 113;
  • extent of his estates, ii. 148, 163;
  • his position on the continent and in England, ii. 149, 150;
  • compared with the Counts of Mortain, ii. 149, and with Hugh of Chester, ii. 150;
  • his oppression, ii. 151;
  • his skill in castle-building, ib.;
  • his defences in Shropshire, ii. 152;
  • removes from Quatford to Bridgenorth, ii. 155;
  • builds Careghova Castle, ii. 158;
  • his Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire estates, ii. 159;
  • lands of Roger of Bully granted to, ii. 162;
  • strengthens Gisors Castle, ii. 187;
  • attacks Maine, ii. 213;
  • stirs up William Rufus to war, ii. 215;
  • carries it on, ii. 216;
  • his nickname of “Robert the Devil,” ii. 216, 219;
  • his castles in Maine, ii. 216;
  • wrong and sacrilege done by him, ii. 221, 222;
  • defeated by Helias, ii. 222, 223;
  • takes Helias prisoner, ii. 224;
  • contrasted with William Rufus, ib.;
  • occupies and strengthens Ballon Castle, ii. 235, 282;
  • story of him at the siege of Mayet, ii. 291;
  • hastens to acknowledge Henry I. as king, ii. 362;
  • calls himself the “man” of Helias, ii. 373 (note);
  • plots against Henry, ii. 395;
  • Duke Robert’s grants to, ib.;
  • deserts from Henry, ii. 409;
  • said to have negotiated between Henry and Robert, ii. 412;
  • charges brought against, ii. 421;
  • does not appear before the assembly, ib.;
  • proclamation against, ii. 442;
  • again summoned, but refuses to come, ib.;
  • greatness of his possessions, ii. 423;
  • his acquisition of Ponthieu, ib.;
  • his Welsh and Irish allies, ii. 423–426;
  • strengthens his castles, ii. 428;
  • harries Staffordshire, ii. 429;
  • Henry’s faith pledged for his life, ii. 430, 438;
  • seizes the land of William Pantulf, ii. 434;
  • feeling in the army on his behalf, ii. 436;
  • his dealings wth Murtagh and with Magnus, ii. 442;
  • holds out at Shrewsbury, ii. 445;
  • his despair, ii. 446;
  • sues for peace, and submits, ii. 448;
  • his banishment, ii. 449;
  • joy at his overthrow, ib.;
  • his later history, i. 184, ii. 450.
• Robert Carrel,
  • holds Saint Cenery against Duke Robert, i. 215;
  • blinded by him, i. 216.
• Robert of Conteville, i. 115.
• Robert the Cornard, his device of pointed shoes, i. 159, ii. 502.
• Robert of Courcy,
  • marries Rohesia of Grantmesnil, i. 273 (note);
  • wounded at Saônes, ii. 222.
• Robert of Curzon, Saint Eadmund’s dealings with, ii. 269.
• Robert the Dispenser,
  • signs the foundation charter of Salisbury Cathedral, i. 309 (note);
  • invents the surname Flambard, i. 309 (note), 331.
• Robert Count of Eu, submits to Rufus, i. 229.
• Robert Fitz-hamon,
  • his loyalty to William Rufus, i. 62;
  • Matilda’s lands granted to, by Rufus, i. 198;
  • his foundation at Tewkesbury, i. 479;
  • story of him and Jestin, ii. 80;
  • estimate of the story, ii. 81, 614;
  • his conquest of Glamorgan and settlement at Cardiff, ii. 81, 84;
  • other notices of, ii. 82;
  • marries Earl Roger’s daughter, ii. 83;
  • his works at Gloucester and Tewkesbury, ii. 84;
  • said to have taken part against Rhys, ii. 91;
  • tells the monk’s dream to William Rufus, ii. 328;
  • legend of his share in the burial of Rufus, ii. 338, 676;
  • signs Henry’s letter to Anselm, ii. 366;
  • his loyalty to him, ii. 399;
  • said to have negotiated between Henry and Robert, ii. 412.
• Robert Fitzharding, his probable origin, i. 46 (note).
• Robert the Frisian, Count of Flanders,
  • his interview with William Rufus, i. 411;
  • his expedition to the East, ib.;
  • his help to the Emperor Alexios, ib.;
  • his death, ib.
• Robert of Jerusalem, Count of Flanders,
  • succeeds his father, i. 412;
  • goes on the first crusade, i. 551, 560;
  • Anselm’s letter to, ii. 581.
• Robert, Earl of Gloucester,
  • natural son of Henry I., ii. 379, 414;
  • marries Mabel, daughter of Robert Fitz-hamon, ii. 83.
• Robert, natural son of Henry I. and Nest, ii. 379.
• Robert Malet, his banishment, ii. 417.
• Robert, Count of Meulan,
  • son of Roger of Beaumont, i. 184;
  • his possessions, i. 185;
  • his exploits at Senlac, ib.;
  • his fame for wisdom, ib.;
  • claims Ivry, i. 243;
  • his imprisonment and release, ib.;
  • advises Rufus as to Anselm’s conditions, i. 417;
  • supports William Rufus, i. 472;
  • his description of Anselm, i. 511;
  • marries Isabel of Vermandois, i. 187 (note), 551;
  • his marriage denounced by Bishop Ivo of Chartres, i. 551 (note);
  • his answer to Anselm’s discourse, i. 591;
  • his policy towards William Rufus, ii. 182, 184;
  • receives his troops, ii. 182;
  • counsels William Rufus to reject Helias’s offer of service, ii. 243, 641;
  • accompanies Henry to London, ii. 350, 680;
  • one of his councillors, i. 186, ii. 350, 362, 420;
  • does not sign Henry’s charter or letter to Anselm, ii. 366;
  • Norman raid against his lands, ii. 367;
  • his advice to Henry I., ii. 400;
  • his bargain with Ivo of Grantmesnil, ii. 418;
  • becomes Earl of Leicester, ii. 419;
  • his death, i. 187, 419;
  • his sons, ib.;
  • his college at Leicester, ii. 420;
  • Anselm’s letters to him, ii. 580.
• Robert, Earl of Leicester,
  • son of Robert of Meulan, i. 187, ii. 419;
  • founds Leicester Abbey, ii. 420.
• Robert of Montfort,
  • repairs and holds Vaux-en-Belin for William Rufus, ii. 289;
  • his signature to Henry’s charter, ii. 358;
  • his treason to Duke Robert, ii. 427.
• Robert, Count of Mortain,
  • rebels against William Rufus, i. 33, ii. 470;
  • holds Pevensey against him, i. 53, 62;
  • exhorted by Odo to hold out, i. 70;
  • besieged by William Rufus in Pevensey, i. 73, 76;
  • surrenders, i. 76.
• Robert of Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland,
  • rebels against William Rufus, i. 35;
  • burns Bath, i. 41;
  • besieges Ilchester without success, i. 42, 44;
  • drives back Malcolm, i. 297;
  • his expedition against him, ii. 16, 592;
  • grants Tynemouth to Saint Alban’s, ii. 19, 605;
  • grounds for his conspiracy, ii. 37, 40;
  • marries Matilda of Laigle, ii. 38;
  • his second revolt against William Rufus, ii. 38, 43;
  • plunders Norwegian ships, ii. 40;
  • refuses redress, ii. 41;
  • summoned to the king’s court, ib.;
  • demands a safe-conduct, ii. 42;
  • his open rebellion, ii. 42, 43;
  • defence and sieges of his fortresses, ii. 46;
  • holds Bamburgh against Rufus, ii. 50, 607;
  • his alleged despair, ii. 51;
  • his escape from Bamburgh, ii. 52, 609;
  • said to have been taken at Tynemouth, ii. 53, 610;
  • threatened with blinding, ii. 54, 610;
  • versions of his later history, ii. 54, 611.
• Robert of Neville,
  • one of the defenders of Bridgenorth, ii. 433;
  • his negotiations with Henry I., ii. 440, 443.
• Robert of Pontefract,
  • plots against Henry I., ii. 395;
  • his banishment, ii. 417.
• Robert, Marquess of Rhuddlan,
  • rebels against William Rufus, i. 34;
  • attack made on his lands by Gruffydd, i. 122, 124;
  • his probable change of party, i. 123;
  • returns to North Wales, ib.;
  • his death at Dwyganwy, i. 126;
  • buried at Chester, i. 127;
  • his gifts to Chester, i. 127 (note);
  • his connexion with Saint Evroul, ib.;
  • translated thither, i. 128;
  • Orderic’s epitaph on, ib.;
  • his lands in North Wales, ii. 77;
  • extension of his possessions, ii. 78.
• Robert of Saint Alban’s, his apostasy, ii. 123.
• Robert of Torigny, his Chronicle, i. 9 (note).
• Robert of Veci, first lord of Alnwick, ii. 596.
• Robert, son of Corbet,
  • one of the defenders of Bridgenorth, ii. 432;
  • notices of his estates in Domesday, ii. 433 (note);
  • his negotiations with Henry I., ii. 440, 443.
• Robert,
  • son of Godwine, ii. 117 (note), 118;
  • his exploits in Scotland, ii. 118, 617;
  • King Eadgar’s gifts to, ii. 121;
  • attacked and imprisoned by Randolf Flambard, ib.;
  • goes on the crusade, ii. 122, 617;
  • his exploits and martyrdom, ib.;
  • modern parallels and contrasts with, ii. 123;
  • notices of, in Fordun and William of Malmesbury, ii. 616, 617.
• Robert, son of Harding, i. 45 (note).
• Robert, son of Hugh of Montfort, sent to occupy the fortresses of Le Mans, ii. 239.
• Robert, son of Nigel and Gundrada, founder of Byland Abbey, ii. 612.
• Robert, son of Geroy, his rebellion and death, i. 214.
• Robert, grandson of Geroy,
  • Saint Cenery granted to, i. 217;
  • loses the castle, i. 469;
  • Henry Ætheling comes to his help against Robert of Bellême, ib.
• Robertson, E. W., on Malcolm’s homage to William Rufus, ii. 540.
• Roche Guyon, La, castle of, ii. 180, 181.
• Rochester,
  • its early history and position, i. 53, 54;
  • later sieges of, i. 53;
  • occupied by Odo, i. 55;
  • the garrison refuse to surrender to William Rufus, i. 77;
  • siege of, i. 79–85;
  • surrenders, i. 85;
  • benefactions of Rufus to the church, ii. 506.
• Rockingham,
  • Council of (1095), i. 487 et seq.;
  • position and history of the place, i. 489, 490;
  • the castle, i. 490;
  • importance of the council, i. 519;
  • its constitution, i. 602.
• Roger, Count of Sicily,
  • legatine power granted to, i. 525 (note);
  • marriage of his daughter, i. 526;
  • besieges Amalfi, i. 561, and Capua, i. 614;
  • forbids conversions of the Saracens, i. 161, 617;
  • contrasted with Henry I., ii. 454.
• Roger, Duke of Apulia,
  • welcomes Duke Robert, i. 561;
  • besieges Amalfi, i. 562;
  • besieges Capua, i. 614;
  • receives Urban and Anselm in his camp, i. 615.
• Roger, Bishop of Salisbury, possibly one of Henry’s inner council, ii. 363.
• Roger, Abbot of Saint Michael’s Mount, i. 284.
• Roger of Beaumont,
  • father of Robert of Meulan, i. 184;
  • Brionne granted to, by Duke Robert, i. 194;
  • obtains the release of his son, i. 243;
  • his death, i. 472.
• Roger Bigod,
  • rebels against William Rufus, i. 34;
  • his ravages, i. 36;
  • his action at the meeting at Salisbury, i. 98;
  • signs Henry’s charter, ii. 358;
  • his loyalty to Henry, ii. 399;
  • his signature to the Durham charter, ii. 536.
• Roger of Bully,
  • greatness of his estates, ii. 159, 161;
  • founds the priory of Blyth, ii. 161;
  • his death, ii. 162;
  • his lands granted to Robert of Bellême, ib.
• Roger of Clare, with William Rufus in the New Forest, ii. 321.
• Roger of Lacy,
  • rebels against William Rufus, i. 33;
  • seizes on Hereford, i. 46;
  • his second rebellion, ii. 39;
  • his trial and sentence, ii. 63.
• Roger of Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury,
  • rebels against William Rufus, i. 33, ii. 470;
  • his action in the rebellion, i. 47, 57;
  • his alleged presence before Worcester, ii. 481;
  • at Arundel, i. 58;
  • founds the priory of Saint Nicolas at Arundel, i. 59 (note);
  • won over by William, i. 61, ii. 462;
  • his action at the siege of Rochester, i. 80;
  • makes war on Duke Robert, i. 199;
  • his fortresses, i. 200;
  • obtains his son’s release, i. 219;
  • his advance in Powys, ii. 97;
  • his death, i. 473;
  • his buildings at Quatford, ii. 154;
  • his foundation at Wenlock, ib.;
  • his signature to the Durham charter, ii. 536.
• Roger of Mowbray, son of Nigel and Gundrada, ii. 612.
• Roger of Poitou, son of Earl Roger,
  • rebels against William Rufus, i. 57;
  • his agreement with Bishop William, i. 93;
  • intervenes on his behalf, i. 109, 117, 120;
  • holds Argentan for William Rufus, i. 463;
  • surrenders to Robert, i. 464;
  • plots against Henry I., ii. 395;
  • his share in the rebellion of Robert of Bellême, ii. 423;
  • his banishment, ii. 450.
• Roger of Toesny, son of Ralph and Isabel,
  • county of Evreux settled on, i. 268;
  • his character, ib.;
  • his dream, i. 269;
  • his death, i. 270.
• Roger, son of Corbet, notices of, in Domesday, ii. 433 (note).
• Rohais, wife of Richard of Clare, ii. 572.
• Rohesia, daughter of Hugh of Grantmesnil, marries Robert of Courcy, i. 273 (note).
• Romania, use of the word, i. 564 (note).
• Rome,
  • Pope Urban on the unhealthiness of, i. 367 (note);
  • treatment of Duke Robert at, i. 561.
• Rope, measurement by, i. 68 (note), ii. 562, 564.
• Rosella, daughter of Eadwine, ii. 603.
• Rotrou of Montfort,
  • Orderic’s tale of his forsaking Saint Cenery, i. 469 (note);
  • truce granted to, by Rufus, ii. 230;
  • estimate of his conduct, ii. 231.
• Rotrou, Count of Perche,
  • goes on the first crusade, i. 551;
  • imprisoned in the castle of Le Mans, ii. 373;
  • his mother gives the kiss of peace to Bishop Hildebert, ii. 373 (note).
• Rouen,
  • municipal spirit in, i. 246;
  • the citizens favour William Rufus, i. 247;
  • Henry comes to Robert’s help at, i. 248;
  • its position in the eleventh century, i. 250;
  • ducal castles at, ib.;
  • cathedral and other churches of, i. 252;
  • its gates and suburbs, i. 252, 253;
  • Robert sent away from, i. 255;
  • taken by Henry, i. 256;
  • treatment of the citizens, i. 260;
  • council held by William Rufus at, ii. 226.
• Rouen,
  • synod of, i. 568;
  • small results of, i. 569.
• Rualedus, story of his treatment by Henry, ii. 540.
• Ruislip, Middlesex, said to have been a cell of Bec, i. 376 (note).