Taautes, a Phœnician deity, the same as the Saturn of the Latins, and probably the Thoth, or Thaut, the Mercury of the Egyptians. Cicero, de Natura Deorum, bk. 3, ch. 22.—Varro.
Tabæ, a town of Pisidia. Livy, bk. 38, ch. 13.
Tabellariæ leges, laws made by suffrages delivered upon tables (tabellæ), and not vivâ voce. There were four of these laws, the Gabinia lex, A.U.C. 614, by Gabinius; the Cassia, by Cassius, A.U.C. 616; the Papiria, by Carbo, A.U.C. 622; and the Cælia, by Cælius, A.U.C. 646. Cicero, de Legibus, bk. 3, ch. 16.
Tabernæ novæ, a street in Rome where shops were built. Livy, bk. 3, ch. 48.——Rhenanæ, a town of Germany on the confluence of the Felbach and the Rhine, now Rhin-Zabern.——Riguæ, now Bern-Castel, on the Moselle.——Triboccorum, a town of Alsace in France, now Saverne.
Tabor, a mountain of Palestine.
Tabrăca, a maritime town of Africa, near Hippo, made a Roman colony. The neighbouring forests abounded with monkeys. Juvenal, satire 10, li. 194.—Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 3.—Mela, bk. 1, ch. 7.—Silius Italicus, bk. 3, li. 256.
Tabuda, a river of Germany, now the Scheldt. Ptolemy.
Taburnus, a mountain of Campania, which abounded with olives. Virgil, Georgics, bk. 2, li. 38; Æneid, bk. 12, li. 715.
Tacape, a town of Africa.
Tacatua, a maritime town of Numidia.
Tacfarīnas, a Numidian who commanded an army against the Romans in the reign of Tiberius. He had formerly served in the Roman legions, but in the character of an enemy, he displayed the most inveterate hatred against his benefactor. After he had severally defeated the officers of Tiberius, he was at last routed and killed in the field of battle, fighting with uncommon fury, by Dolabella. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 2, &c.
Tachampso, an island in the Nile, near Thebais. The Egyptians held one half of this island, and the rest was in the hands of the Æthiopians. Herodotus, bk. 2.
Tachos, or Tachus, a king of Egypt, in the reign of Artaxerxes Ochus, against whom he sustained a long war. He was assisted by the Greeks, but his confidence in Agesilaus king of Lacedæmon proved fatal to him. Chabrias the Athenian had been entrusted with the fleet of the Egyptian monarch, and Agesilaus was left with the command of the mercenary army. The Lacedæmonian disregarded his engagements, and by joining with Nectanebus, who had revolted from Tachus, he ruined the affairs of the monarch, and obliged him to save his life by flight. Some observe that Agesilaus acted with that duplicity to avenge himself upon Tachus, who had insolently ridiculed his short and deformed stature. The expectations of Tachus had been raised by the fame of Agesilaus; but when he saw the lame monarch, he repeated on the occasion the fable of the mountain which brought forth a mouse, upon which Agesilaus replied with asperity, though he called him a mouse, yet he soon should find him to be a lion. Cornelius Nepos, Agesilaus.
Tacina, a river of the Brutii.
Tacĭta, a goddess who presided over silence. Numa, as some say, paid particular veneration to this divinity.
Tacĭtus ♦Publius Cornelius, a celebrated Latin historian, born in the reign of Nero. His father was a Roman knight, who had been appointed governor of Belgic Gaul. The native genius and the rising talents of Tacitus were beheld with rapture by the emperor Vespasian, and as he wished to protect and patronize merit, he raised the young historian to places of trust and honour. The succeeding emperors were not less partial to Tacitus, and Domitian seemed to forget his cruelties, when virtue and innocence claimed his patronage. Tacitus was honoured with the consulship, and he gave proofs of his eloquence at the bar by supporting the cause of the injured Africans against the proconsul Marius Priscus, and in causing him to be condemned for his avarice and extortion. The friendly intercourse of Pliny and Tacitus has often been admired, and many have observed, that the familiarity of these two great men arose from similar principles, and a perfect conformity of manners and opinions. Yet Tacitus was as much the friend of a republican government, as Pliny was an admirer of the imperial power, and of the short-lived virtues of his patron Trajan. Pliny gained the heart of his adherents by affability, and all the elegant graces which became the courtier and the favourite, while Tacitus conciliated the esteem of the world by his virtuous conduct, which prudence and love of honour ever guided. The friendship of Tacitus and of Pliny almost became proverbial, and one was scarce mentioned without the other, as the following instance may indicate. At the exhibition of the spectacles in the circus, Tacitus held a long conversation on different subjects with a Roman knight, with whom he was unacquainted; and when the knight asked him whether he was a native of Italy, the historian told him that he was not unknown to him, and that for their distant acquaintance he was indebted to literature. “Then you are,” replied the knight, “either Tacitus or Pliny.” The time of Tacitus was not employed in trivial pursuits; the orator might have been forgotten if the historian had not flourished. Tacitus wrote a treatise on the manners of the Germans, a composition admired for the fidelity and exactness with which it is executed, though some have declared that the historian delineated manners and customs with which he was not acquainted, and which never existed. His life of Cnaeus Julius Agricola, whose daughter he had married, is celebrated for its purity, elegance, and the many excellent instructions and important truths which it relates. His history of the Roman emperors is imperfect; of the 28 years of which it treated, that is from the 69th to the 96th year of the christian era, nothing remains but the year 69, and part of the 70th. His annals were the most extensive and complete of his works. The history of the reign of Tiberius, Caius, Claudius, and Nero, was treated with accuracy and attention, yet we are to lament the loss of the history of the reign of Caius, and the beginning of that of Claudius. Tacitus had reserved for his old age the history of the reign of Nerva and Trajan, and he also proposed to give to the world an account of the interesting administration of Augustus; but these important subjects never employed the pen of the historian, and as some of the ancients observe, the only compositions of Tacitus were contained in 30 books, of which we have now left only 16 of his annals, and five of his history. The style of Tacitus has always been admired for peculiar beauties: the thoughts are great; there is a sublimity, force, weight, and energy; everything is treated with precision and dignity. Yet many have called him obscure, because he was fond of expressing his ideas in few words. This was the fruit of experience and judgment; the history appears copious and diffuse, while the annals, which were written in his old age, are less flowing as to style, more concise, and more heavily laboured. His Latin is remarkable for being pure and classical; and though a writer in the decline of the Roman empire, he has not used obsolete words, antiquated phrases, or barbarous expressions, but with him everything is sanctioned by the authority of the writers of the Augustan age. In his biographical sketches he displays an uncommon knowledge of human nature; he paints every scene with a masterly hand, and gives each object its proper size and becoming colours. Affairs of importance are treated with dignity, the secret causes of events and revolutions are investigated from their primeval source, and the historian everywhere shows his reader that he was a friend of public liberty and national independence, a lover of truth, and of the general good and welfare of mankind, and an inveterate enemy to oppression and to a tyrannical government. The history of the reign of Tiberius is his masterpiece: the deep policy, the dissimulation and various intrigues of this celebrated prince, are painted with all the fidelity of the historian; and Tacitus boasted in saying, that he neither would flatter the follies, or maliciously or partially represent the extravagance, of the several characters he delineated. Candour and impartiality were his standard, and his claim to these essential qualifications of an historian have never been disputed. It is said that the emperor Tacitus, who boasted in being one of the descendants of the historian, ordered the works of his ancestor to be placed in all public libraries, and directed that 10 copies, well ascertained for accuracy and exactness, should be yearly written, that so great and so valuable a work might not be lost. Some ecclesiastical writers have exclaimed against Tacitus for the partial manner in which he speaks of the Jews and christians; but it should be remembered that he spoke the language of the Romans, and that the ♠peculiarities of the christians could not but draw upon them the odium and the ridicule of the pagans, and the imputation of superstition. Among the many excellent editions of Tacitus, these may pass for the best: that of Rome, folio, 1515; that in 8vo, 2 vols., Leiden, 1673; that in usum Delphim, 4 vols., 4to, Paris, 1682; that of Lipscomb, 2 vols., 8vo, 1714; of Gronovius, 2 vols., 4to, 1721; that of Brotier, 7 vols., 12mo, Paris, 1776; that of Ernesti, 2 vols., 8vo, Lipscomb, 1777; and Barbou’s, 3 vols., 12mo, Paris, 1760.——Marcus Claudius, a Roman chosen emperor by the senate, after the death of Aurelian. He would have refused this important and dangerous office, but the pressing solicitations of the senate prevailed, and in the 70th year of his age he complied with the wishes of his countrymen, and accepted the purple. The time of his administration was very popular, the good of the people was his care, and as a pattern of moderation, economy, temperance, regularity, and impartiality, Tacitus found no equal. He abolished the several brothels which under the preceding reigns had filled Rome with licentiousness and obscenity; and by ordering all the public baths to be shut at sunset, he prevented the commission of many irregularities, which the darkness of the night had hitherto sanctioned. The senators under Tacitus seemed to have recovered their ancient dignity and long-lost privileges. They were not only the counsellers of the emperor, but they even seemed to be his masters; and when Florianus, the brother-in-law of Tacitus, was refused the consulship, the emperor said, that the senate, no doubt, could fix upon a more deserving object. As a warrior, Tacitus is inferior to few of the Romans; and during a short reign of about six months, he not only repelled the barbarians who had invaded the territories of Rome in Asia, but he prepared to make war against the Persians and Scythians. He died in Cilicia as he was on his expedition, of a violent distemper, or, according to some, he was destroyed by the secret dagger of an assassin, on the 13th of April, in the 276th year of the christian era. Tacitus has been commended for his love of learning; and it has been observed, that he never passed a day without consecrating some part of his time to reading or writing. He has been accused of superstition, and authors have recorded that he never studied on the second day of each month, a day which he deemed inauspicious and unlucky. Tacitus, Agricola.—Zosimus.
Tader, a river of Spain, near New Carthage.
Tædai, a prostitute at Rome, &c., Juvenal, Satire 2, li. 49.
Tænărus, now Matapan, a promontory of Laconia, the most southern point of Europe, where Neptune had a temple. There was there a large and deep cavern, whence issued a black and unwholesome vapour, from which circumstance the poets have imagined that it was one of the entrances of hell, through which Hercules dragged Cerberus from the infernal regions. This fabulous tradition arises, according to Pausanias, from the continual resort of a large serpent near the cavern of Tænarus, whose bite was mortal. The serpent, as the geographer observes, was at last killed by Hercules, and carried to Eurystheus. The town of Tænarus was at the distance of about 40 stadia from the promontory, and was famous for marble of a beautiful green colour. The town, as well as the promontory, received its name from Tænarus, a son of Neptune. There were some festivals celebrated there, called Tænaria, in honour of Neptune, surnamed Tænarius. Homer, Hymn to Apollo, li. 413.—Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 14.—Lucan, bk. 6, li. 648.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 2, li. 247; bk. 10, lis. 13 & 83.—Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 25.—Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 5.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 3.—Strabo, bk. 8.
Tænias, a part of the lake Mœotis. Strabo.
Tagaste, a town of Numidia. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 4.
Tages, a son of Genius, grandson of Jupiter, was the first who taught the 12 nations of the Etrurians the science of augury and divination. It is said that he was found by a Tuscan ploughman in the form of a clod, and that he assumed a human shape to instruct this nation, which became so celebrated for their knowledge of omens and incantations. Cicero, de Divinatione bk. 2, ch. 23.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 15, li. 558.—Lucan, bk. 1, li. 673.
Tagonius, a river of Hispania Tarraconensis.
Tagus, a river of Spain, which falls into the Atlantic after it has crossed Lusitania or Portugal, and now bears the name of Tajo. The sands of the Tagus, according to the poets, were covered with gold. Mela, bk. 3, ch. 1.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 2, li. 251.—Silius Italicus, bk. 4, li. 234.—Lucan, bk. 7, li. 755.—Martial, bk. 4, ltr. 55, &c.——A Latin chief killed by Nisus. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 9, li. 418.——A Trojan killed by Turnus. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 12, li. 513.
Talasius. See: ♦Thalassius.
♦ ‘Thalasius’ replaced with ‘Thalassius’
Talaus, a son of Bias and Pero, father of Adrastus by Lysimache. He was one of the Argonauts. Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 9; bk. 3, ch. 6.
Talayra, the sister of Phœbe. She is also called Hilaira. See: Phœbe.
Talĕtum, a temple sacred to the sun on mount Taygetus in Laconia. Horses were generally offered there for sacrifice. Pausanias.
Talthybius, a herald in the Grecian camp during the Trojan war, the particular minister and friend of Agamemnon. He brought away Briseis from the tent of Achilles by order of his master. Talthybius died at Ægium in Achaia. Homer, Iliad, bk. 1, li. 320, &c.—Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 23.
Talus, a youth, son of the sister of Dædalus, who invented the saw, compasses, and other mechanical instruments. His uncle became jealous of his growing fame, and murdered him privately; or, according to others, he threw him down from the citadel of Athens. Talus was changed into a partridge by the gods. He is also called Calus, Acalus, Perdix, and Taliris. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 1.—Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 21.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 8.——A son of Œnopion. Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 4.——A son of Cres, the founder of the Cretan nation. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 53.——A friend of Æneas, killed by Turnus. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 12, li. 513.
Tamaris, a river of Spain.
Tamărus, a mountain of Epirus, called also Tmarus and Tomarus. Strabo.
Tamasea, a beautiful plain of Cyprus, sacred to the goddess of beauty. It was in this place that Venus gathered the golden apples with which Hippomanes was enabled to overtake Atalanta. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 10, li. 644.—Pliny, bk. 5.—Strabo, bk. 14.
Tamesis, a river of Britain, now the Thames. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 5, ch. 11.
Tamos, a native of Memphis, made governor of Ionia, by young Cyrus. After the death of Cyrus, Tamos fled into Egypt, where he was murdered on account of his immense treasures. Diodorus, bk. 14.——A promontory of India in the Ganges.
Tampius, a Roman historian.
Tamyras, a river of Phœnicia, between Tyre and Sidon.
Tamyris, a queen. See: Thomyris.
Tanăgra, a town of Bœotia, near the Euripus, between the Asopus and Thermodon, famous for fighting-cocks. It was founded by Pœmandros, a son of Chæresilaus the son of Jasius, who married Tanagra the daughter of Æolus, or, according to some, of the Asopus. Corinna was a native of Tanagra. Strabo, bk. 9.—Pausanias, bk. 9, chs. 20 & 23.—Ælian, Varia Historia, bk. 13, li. 25.
Tanăgrus, or Tanāger, now Negro, a river of Lucania in Italy, remarkable for its cascades, and the beautiful meanders of its streams, through a fine picturesque country. Virgil, Georgics, bk. 3, li. 151.
Tanais, a eunuch, freedman to Mæcenas. Horace, bk. 1, satire 1, li. 105.——A river of Scythia, now the Don, which divides Europe from Asia, and falls into the Palus Mæotis after a rapid course, and after it has received the additional streams of many small rivulets. A town at its mouth bore the same name. Mela, bk. 1, ch. 19.—Strabo, bks. 11 & 16.—Curtius, bk. 6, ch. 2.—Lucan, bks. 3, 8, &c.——A deity among the Persians and Armenians, who patronized slaves; supposed to be the same as Venus. The daughters of the noblest of the Persians and Armenians prostituted themselves in honour of this deity, and were received with greater regard and affection by their suitors. Artaxerxes the son of Darius was the first who raised statues to Tanais in the different provinces of his empire, and taught his subjects to pay her divine honours. Curtius, bk. 5, ch. 1.—Strabo, bk. 11.
Tanăquil, called also Caia Cæcilia, was the wife of Tarquin the fifth king of Rome. She was a native of Tarquinia, where she married Lucumon, better known by the name of Tarquin, which he assumed after he had come to Rome at the representation of his wife, whose knowledge of augury promised him something uncommon. Her expectations were not frustrated; her husband was raised to the throne, and she shared with him the honours of royalty. After the murder of Tarquin, Tanaquil raised her son-in-law Servius Tullius to the throne, and ensured him the succession. She distinguished herself by her liberality; and the Romans in succeeding ages had such a veneration for her character, that the embroidery she had made, her girdle, as also the robe of her son-in-law, which she had worked with her own hands, were preserved with the greatest sanctity. Juvenal bestows the appellation of Tanaquil on all such women as were imperious, and had the command of their husbands. Livy, bk. 1, ch. 34, &c.—Dionysius of Halicarnassus, bk. 3, ch. 59.—Florus, bk. 1, chs. 5 & 8.—Silius Italicus, bk. 13, li. 818.
Tanas, a river of Numidia. Sallust, Jugurthine War, ch. 90.
Tanetum, a town of Italy, now Tonedo, in the duchy of Modena.
Tanfanæ lucus, a sacred grove in Germany, in the country of the Marsi, between the Ems and Lippe. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 1, ch. 51.
Tanis, a city of Egypt, on one of the eastern mouths of the Nile.
Tantălĭdes, a patronymic applied to the descendants of Tantalus, such as Niobe, Hermione, &c.——Agamemnon and Menelaus, as grandsons of Tantalus, are called Tantalidæ fratres. Ovid, Heroides, poem 8, lis. 45 & 122.
Tantălus, a king of Lydia, son of Jupiter by a nymph called Pluto. He was father of Niobe, Pelops, &c., by Dione, one of the Atlantides, called by some Euryanassa. Tantalus is represented by the poets as punished in hell with an insatiable thirst, and placed up to the chin in the midst of a pool of water, which, however, flows away as soon as he attempts to taste it. There hangs also above his head a bough richly loaded with delicious fruit, which, as soon as he attempts to seize, is carried away from his reach by a sudden blast of wind. According to some mythologists, his punishment is to sit under a huge stone hung at some distance over his head, and as it seems every moment ready to fall, he is kept under continual alarms and never-ceasing fears. The causes of this eternal punishment are variously explained. Some declare that it was inflicted upon him because he stole a favourite dog, which Jupiter had entrusted to his care to keep his temple in Crete. Others say that he stole away the nectar and ambrosia from the tables of the gods, when he was admitted into the assemblies of heaven, and that he gave it to mortals on earth. Others support that this proceeds from his cruelty and impiety in killing his son Pelops, and in serving his limbs as food before the gods, whose divinity and power he wished to try, when they had stopped at his house as they passed over Phrygia. There were also others who impute it to his lasciviousness in carrying away Ganymedes to gratify the most unnatural of passions. Pindar, Olympian, bk. 1.—Homer, Odyssey, bk. 11, li. 581.—Cicero, Tusculanæ Disputationes, bk. 1, ch. 5; bk. 4, ch. 16.—Euripides, Iphigeneia.—Propertius, bk. 2, poem 1, li. 66.—Horace, bk. 1, satire 1, li. 68.——A son of Thyestes, the first husband of Clytemnestra. Pausanias, bk. 2.——One of Niobe’s children. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 6, fable 6.
Tanusius Germinus, a Latin historian intimate with Cicero. Seneca, ltr. 93.—Suetonius, Cæsar, ch. 9.
Taphiæ, islands in the Ionian sea between Achaia and Leucadia. They were also called Teleboides. They received these names from Taphius and Telebous, the sons of Neptune who reigned there. The Taphians made war against Electryon king of Mycenæ, and killed all his sons; upon which the monarch promised his kingdom and his daughter in marriage to whoever could avenge the death of his children upon the Taphians. Amphitryon did it with success, and obtained the promised reward. The Taphians were expert sailors, but too fond of plunder and piratical excursions. Homer, Odyssey, bk. 1, lis. 181 & 419; bk. 15, li. 426.—Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 4.—Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 12.
Taphius, a son of Neptune by Hippothoe the daughter of Nestor. He was king of the Taphiæ, to which he gave his name. Strabo, bk. 16.—Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 4.
Taphius, or Taphiassus, a mountain of Locris on the confines of Ætolia.
Taphiusa, a place near Leucas, where a stone is found called Taphiusius. Pliny, bk. 36, ch. 21.
Taphræ, a town on the isthmus of the Taurica Chersonesus, now Precop. Mela, bk. 2, ch. 1.—Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 12.
Taphros, the strait between Corsica and Sardinia, now Bonifacio.
Taprobăne, an island in the Indian ocean, now called Ceylon. Its inhabitants were very rich, and lived to a great age. Their country was visited by two summers and two winters. Hercules was their chief deity, and as the sovereignty was elective, and only from among unmarried men, the monarch was immediately deposed if he became a father. Ptolemy, bk. 6.—Strabo, bk. 2.—Ovid, ex Ponto, bk. 8, poem 5, li. 80.
Tapsus, a maritime town of Africa. Silius Italicus, bk. 3.——A small and lowly situated peninsula on the eastern coast of Sicily. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 3, li. 619.——A man of Cyzicus, killed by Pollux. Valerius Flaccus, bk. 2, li. 191.
Tapyri, a people near Hyrcania. Dionysius Periegetes.
Tarănis, a name of Jupiter among the Gauls, to whom human sacrifices were offered. Lucan, bk. 1, li. 446.
Taras, a son of Neptune, who built Tarentum, as some suppose.
Tarasco, a town of Gaul, now Tarascon in Provence.
Taraxippus, a deity worshipped at Elis. His statue was placed near the race-ground, and his protection was implored that no harm might happen to the horses during the games. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 20, &c.—Dionysius of Halicarnassus, bk. 2.
Tarbelli, a people of Gaul at the foot of the Pyrenees, which from thence are sometimes called Tarbellæ. Tibullus, bk. 1, poem 7, li. 13.—Lucan, bk. 4, li. 121.—Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 3, ch. 27.
Tarchetius, an impious king of Alba. Plutarch, Romulus.
Tarchon, an Etrurian chief, who assisted Æneas against the Rutuli. Some suppose that he founded Mantua. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 8, li. 693.——A prince of Cilicia. Lucan, bk. 9, li. 219.
Tarchondimŏtus, a prince of Cilicia. Lucan, bk. 11, li. 219.
Tarentum, Tarentus, or Taras, a town of Calabria, situate on a bay of the same name, near the mouth of the river Galesus. It was founded, or rather repaired, by a Lacedæmonian colony, about 707 years before Christ, under the conduct of Phalanthus. Long independent, it maintained its superiority over 13 tributary cities; and could once arm 100,000 foot and 3000 horse. The people of Tarentum were very indolent, and as they were easily supplied with all necessaries as well as luxuries from Greece, they gave themselves up to voluptuousness, so that the delights of Tarentum became proverbial. The war which they supported against the Romans, with the assistance of Pyrrhus king of Epirus, and which has been called the Tarentine war, is greatly celebrated in history. This war, which had been undertaken B.C. 281, by the Romans, to avenge the insults the Tarentines had offered to their ships when near their harbour, was terminated after 10 years; 300,000 prisoners were taken, and Tarentum became subject to Rome. The government was democratical; there were, however, some monarchs who reigned there. It was for some time the residence of Pythagoras, who inspired the citizens with the love of virtue, and rendered them superior to their neighbours in the cabinet as well as in the field of battle. The large, beautiful, and capacious harbour of Tarentum is greatly commended by ancient historians. Tarentum, now called Tarento, is inhabited by about 18,000 souls, who still maintain the character of their forefathers in idleness and effeminacy, and live chiefly by fishing. Florus, bk. 1, ch. 18.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 2, ch. 2.—Plutarch, Pyrrhus.—Pliny, bk. 8, ch. 6; bk. 15, ch. 10; bk. 34, ch. 7.—Livy, bk. 12, ch. 13, &c.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 4.—Strabo, bk. 6.—Horace, bk. 1, ltr. 7, li. 45.—Ælian, Varia Historia, bk. 5, ch. 20.
Tarichæum, a fortified town of Judæa. Cicero, Letters to his Friends, bk. 12, ch. 11.——Several towns on the coast of Egypt bore this name from their pickling fish. Herodotus, bk. 2, ch. 15, &c.
Tarnæ, a town mentioned by Homer, Iliad, bk. 5.——A fountain of Lydia, near Tmolus. Strabo.——A river of Aquitania.
Tarpa Spurius Mætius, a critic at Rome in the age of Augustus. He was appointed with four others in the temple of Apollo, to examine the merit of every poetical composition, which was to be deposited in the temple of the Muses. In this office he acted with great impartiality, though many taxed him with want of candour. All the pieces that were represented on the Roman stage had previously received his approbation. Horace, bk. 1, satire 10, li. 38.
Tarpeia, the daughter of Tarpeius the governor of the citadel of Rome, promised to open the gates of the city to the Sabines, provided they gave her their gold bracelets, or, as she expressed it, what they carried on their left hands. Tatius the king of the Sabines consented, and as he entered the gates, to punish her perfidy, he threw not only his bracelet but his shield upon Tarpeia. His followers imitated his example, and Tarpeia was crushed under the weight of the bracelets and shields of the Sabine army. She was buried in the capitol, which from her has been called the Tarpeian rock, and there afterwards many of the Roman malefactors were thrown down a deep precipice. Plutarch, Romulus.—Ovid, Fasti, bk. 1, li. 261.—Amores, bk. 1, poem 10, li. 50.—Livy, bk. 1, ch. 11.—Propertius, bk. 4, poem 4.——A vestal virgin in the reign of Numa.——One of the warlike female attendants of Camilla in the Rutulian war. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 11, li. 665.
Tarpeia lex, was enacted A.U.C. 269, by Spurius Tarpeius, to empower all the magistrates of the republic to lay fines on offenders. This power belonged before only to the consuls. This fine was not to exceed two sheep and 30 oxen.
Spurius Tarpeius, the governor of the citadel of Rome, under Romulus. His descendants were called Montani and Capitolini.
Tarpeius mons, a hill at Rome about 80 feet in perpendicular height, from whence the Romans threw down their condemned criminals. It received its name from Tarpeia, who was buried there, and is the same as the Capitoline hill. Livy, bk. 6, ch. 20.—Lucan, bk. 7, li. 758.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 8, lis. 347 & 652.
Tarquinii, now Turchina, a town of Etruria, built by Tarchon, who assisted Æneas against Turnus. Tarquinius Priscus was born or educated there, and he made it a Roman colony when he ascended the throne. Strabo, bk. 5.—Pliny, bk. 2, ch. 95.—Livy, bk. 2, ch. 34; bk. 27, ch. 4.
Tarquinia, a daughter of Tarquinius Priscus, who married Servius Tullius. When her husband was murdered by Tarquinius Superbus, she privately conveyed away his body by night, and buried it. This preyed upon her mind, and the night following she died. Some have attributed her death to excess of grief, or to suicide, while others, perhaps more justly, have suspected Tullia the wife of young Tarquin of the murder.——A vestal virgin, who, as some suppose, gave the Roman people a large piece of land, which was afterwards called the Campus Martius.
Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth king of Rome, was son of Demaratus, a native of Greece. His first name was Lucumon, but this he changed when, by the advice of his wife Tanaquil, he had come to Rome. He called himself Lucius, and assumed the surname of Tarquinius, because born in the town of Tarquinii, in Etruria. At Rome he distinguished himself so much by his liberality and engaging manners, that Ancus Martius, the reigning monarch, nominated him, at his death, the guardian of his children. This was insufficient to gratify the ambition of Tarquin; the princes were young, and an artful oration delivered to the people immediately transferred the crown of the deceased monarch on the head of Lucumon. The people had every reason to be satisfied with their choice. Tarquin reigned with moderation and popularity. He increased the number of the senate, and made himself friends by electing 100 new senators from the plebeians, whom he distinguished by the appellation of Patres minorum gentium, from those of the patrician body, who were called Patres majorum gentium. The glory of the Roman arms, which was supported with so much dignity by the former monarch, was not neglected in this reign, and Tarquin showed that he possessed vigour and military prudence in the victories which he obtained over the united forces of the Latins and Sabines, and in the conquest of the 12 nations of Etruria. He repaired, in the time of peace, the walls of the capital; the public places were adorned with elegant buildings and useful ornaments, and many centuries after, such as were spectators of the stately mansions and golden palaces of Nero, viewed with more admiration and greater pleasure the more simple, though not less magnificent, edifices of Tarquin. He laid the foundations of the capitol, and to the industry and the public spirit of this monarch, the Romans were indebted for their aqueducts and subterraneous sewers, which supplied the city with fresh and wholesome water, and removed all the filth and ordure, which in a great capital too often breed pestilence and diseases. Tarquin was the first who introduced among the Romans the custom to canvass for offices of trust and honour; he distinguished the monarch, the senators, and other inferior magistrates with particular robes and ornaments, with ivory chairs at spectacles, and the hatchets carried before the public magistrates were by his order surrounded with bundles of sticks, to strike more terror, and to be viewed with greater reverence. Tarquin was assassinated by the two sons of his predecessor, in the 80th year of his age, 38 of which he had sat on the throne, 578 years before Christ. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, bk. 3, ch. 59.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 1, ch. 4; bk. 3, ch. 2.—Florus, bk. 1, ch. 5, &c.—Livy, bk. 1, ch. 31.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 817.——The second Tarquin, surnamed Superbus, from his pride and insolence, was grandson of Tarquinius Priscus. He ascended the throne of Rome after his father-in-law Servius Tullius, and was the seventh and last king of Rome. He married Tullia the daughter of Tullius, and it was at her instigation that he murdered his father-in-law, and seized the kingdom. The crown which he had obtained with violence, he endeavoured to keep by a continuation of tyranny. Unlike his royal predecessors, he paid no regard to the decisions of the senate, or the approbation of the public assemblies, and by wishing to disregard both, he incurred the jealousy of the one and the odium of the other. The public treasury was soon exhausted by the continual extravagance of Tarquin, and to silence the murmurs of his subjects, he resolved to call their attention to war. He was successful in his military operations, and the neighbouring cities submitted; but while the siege of Ardea was continued, the wantonness of the son of Tarquin at Rome for ever stopped the progress of his arms; and the Romans, whom a series of barbarity and oppression had hitherto provoked, no sooner saw the virtuous Lucretia stab herself, not to survive the loss of her honour [See: Lucretia], than the whole city and camp arose with indignation against the monarch. The gates of Rome were shut against him, and Tarquin was for ever banished from his throne, in the year of Rome 244. Unable to find support from even one of his subjects, Tarquin retired among the Etrurians, who attempted in vain to replace him on his throne. The republican government was established at Rome, and all Italy refused any longer to support the cause of an exiled monarch against a nation, who heard the name of Tarquin, of king, and tyrant, mentioned with equal horror and indignation. Tarquin died in the 90th year of his age, about 14 years after his expulsion from Rome. He had reigned about 25 years. Though Tarquin appeared so odious among the Romans, his reign was not without its share of glory. His conquests were numerous; to beautify the buildings and porticoes at Rome was his wish, and with great magnificence and care he finished the capitol, which his predecessor of the same name had begun. He also bought the Sibylline books which the Romans consulted with such religious solemnity. See: Sibyllæ. Cicero, For Rabirius on a Charge of Treason & Tusculanæ Disputationes, bk. 3, ch. 27.—Livy, bk. 1, ch. 46, &c.—Dionysius of Halicarnassus, bk. 3, ch. 48, &c.—Florus, bk. 1, chs. 7 & 8.—Pliny, bk. 8, ch. 41.—Plutarch.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 9, ch. 11.—Ovid, Fasti, bk. 2, li. 687.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 817.—Eutropius.——Collatinus, one of the relations of Tarquin the Proud, who married Lucretia. See: Collatinus.——Sextius, the eldest of the sons of Tarquin the Proud, rendered himself known by a variety of adventures. When his father besieged Gabii, young Tarquin publicly declared that he was at variance with the monarch, and the report was the more easily believed when he came before Gabii with his body all mangled and bloody with stripes. This was an agreement between the father and the son, and Tarquin had no sooner declared that this proceeded from the tyranny and oppression of his father, than the people of Gabii entrusted him with the command of their armies, fully convinced that Rome could never have a more inveterate enemy. When he had thus succeeded, he despatched a private messenger to his father, but the monarch gave no answer to be returned to his son. Sextius inquired more particularly about his father, and when he heard from the messenger that when the message was delivered, Tarquin cut off with a stick the tallest poppies in his garden, the son followed the example by putting to death the most noble and powerful citizens of Gabii. The two soon fell into the hands of the Romans. The violence which some time after Tarquinius offered to Lucretia, was the cause of his father’s exile, and the total expulsion of his family from Rome. See: Lucretia. Sextius was at last killed, bravely fighting in a battle during the war which the Latins sustained against Rome in the attempt of re-establishing the Tarquins on their throne. Ovid, Fasti.—Livy.——A Roman senator who was accessary to Catiline’s conspiracy.
Tarquitius Crescens, a centurion under Cæsennius Pætus. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 15, ch. 11.——Priscus, an officer in Africa, who accused the proconsul, &c. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 12, ch. 59; bk. 14, ch. 46.
Tarquĭtus, a son of Faunus and Dryope, who assisted Turnus against Æneas. He was killed by Æneas. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 10, li. 550.
Tarracīna, a town of the Volsci in Latium, between Rome and Neapolis. It was also called Anxur, because the infant Jupiter was worshipped there under that name, which signifies beardless. Livy, bk. 4, ch. 29.—Strabo, bk. 5.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 4.—Festus, Lexicon of Festus.
Tarrăco, now Tarragona, a city of Spain, situate on the shores of the Mediterranean, founded by the two Scipios, who planted a Roman colony there. The province of which it was the capital was called Tarraconensis, and was famous for its wines. Hispania Tarraconensis, which was also called by the Romans Hispania Citerior, was bounded on the east by the Mediterranean, the ocean on the west, the Pyrenean mountains and the sea of the Cantabri on the north, and Lusitania and Bætica on the south. Martial, bk. 10, ltr. 104; bk. 13, ltr. 118.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 6.—Silius Italicus, bk. 3, li. 369; bk. 15, li. 177.
Tarrutius. See: Acca Laurentia.
Tarsa, a Thracian, who rebelled under Tiberius, &c. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 4, ch. 50.
Tarsius, a river of Troas. Strabo.
Tarsus, now Tarasso, a town of Cilicia, on the Cydnus, founded by Triptolemus and a colony of Argives, or, as others say, by Sardanapalus, or by Perseus. Tarsus was celebrated for the great men it produced. It was once the rival of Alexandria and Athens in literature and the study of the polite arts. The people of Tarsus wished to ingratiate themselves into the favour of Julius Cæsar by giving the name of Juliopolis to their city, but it was soon lost. Lucan, bk. 3, li. 225.—Mela, bk. 1, ch. 13.—Strabo, bk. 14.
Tartărus, (plural, a, orum), one of the regions of hell, where, according to the ancients, the most impious and guilty among mankind were punished. It was surrounded by a brazen wall, and its entrance was continually hidden from the sight by a cloud of darkness, which is represented three times more gloomy than the obscurest night. According to Hesiod it was a separate prison, at a greater distance from the earth than the earth is from the heavens. Virgil says that it was surrounded by three impenetrable walls, and by the impetuous and burning streams of the river Phlegethon. The entrance was by a large and lofty tower, whose gates were supported by columns of adamant, which neither gods nor men could open. In Tartarus, according to Virgil, were punished such as had been disobedient to their parents, traitors, adulterers, faithless ministers, and such as had undertaken unjust and cruel wars, or had betrayed their friends for the sake of money. It was also the place where Ixion, Tityus, the Danaides, Tantalus, Sisyphus, &c., were punished, according to Ovid. Hesiod, Theogony, li. 720.—Silius Italicus, bk. 13, li. 591.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6.—Homer, Odyssey, bk. 11.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 4, fable 13.——A small river of Italy, near Verona. Tacitus, Histories, bk. 3, ch. 9.
Tartessus, a town in Spain near the columns of Hercules, on the Mediterranean. Some suppose that it was afterwards called Carteia, and it was better known by the name of Gades, when Hercules had set up his columns on the extremity of Spain and Africa. There is also a town called Tartessus, in a small island formed by the river of the same name, near Gades in Iberia. Tartessus has been called the most distant town in the extremities of Spain, by the Romans, as also the place where the poets imagined the sun unharnessed his tired horses. Silius Italicus, bk. 3, lis. 399 & 411; bk. 10, li. 538.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 6.—Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 19.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 14, li. 416.—Strabo, bk. 3.
Taruana, a town of Gaul, now Terrouen in Artois.
Lucius Taruntius Spurina, a mathematician who flourished 61 years B.C. Cicero, de Divinatione, bk. 2, ch. 47.
Tarus, a river of Gaul, falling into the Po.
Tarusates, a people of Gaul, now Turcan. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 3, chs. 23 & 27.
Taruscum, a town of Gaul.
Tarvisium, a town of Italy, now Treviso, in the Venetian states.
Tasgretius Cornūtus, a prince of Gaul, assassinated in the age of Cæsar. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 5, ch. 25.
Tatian, one of the Greek fathers, A.D. 172. The best edition of his works is that of Worth, 8vo, Oxford, 1700.
Tatienses, a name given to one of the tribes of the Roman people by Romulus, in honour of Tatius king of the Sabines. The Tatienses, who were partly the ancient subjects of the king of the Sabines, lived on mounts Capitolinus and Quirinalis.
Tātius Titus, king of Cures among the Sabines, made war against the Romans after the rape of the Sabines. The gates of the city were betrayed into his hands by Tarpeia, and the army of the Sabines advanced as far as the Roman forum, where a bloody battle was fought. The cries of the Sabine virgins at last stopped the fury of the combatants, and an agreement was made between the two nations. Tatius consented to leave his ancient possessions, and with his subjects of Cures, to come and live in Rome, which, as stipulated, was permitted still to bear the name of its founder, whilst the inhabitants adopted the name of Quirites in compliment to the new citizens. After he had for six years shared the royal authority with Romulus, in the greatest union, he was murdered at Lanuvium, B.C. 742, for an act of cruelty to the ambassadors of the Laurentes. This was done by order of his royal colleague, according to some authors. Livy, bk. 1, ch. 10, &c.—Plutarch, Romulus.—Cicero, For Cornelius Balbus.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 14, li. 804.—Florus, bk. 1, ch. 1.
Tatta, a large lake of Phrygia, on the confines of Pisidia.
Tavola, a river of Corsica.
Taua, a town of the Delta in Egypt.
Taulantii, a people of Illyricum on the Adriatic. Livy, bk. 45, ch. 26.—Lucan, bk. 6, li. 16.
Taunus, a mountain in Germany, now Heyrich or Hoche, opposite Mentz. Tacitus, bk. 1, Annals, ch. 56.
Taurania, a town of Italy in the country of the Brutii.
Taurantes, a people of Armenia, between Artaxata and Tigranocerta. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 14, ch. 24.
Tauri, a people of European Sarmatia, who inhabited Taurica Chersonesus, and sacrificed all strangers to Diana. The statue of this goddess, which they believed to have fallen down from heaven, was carried away to Sparta by Iphigenia and Orestes. Strabo, bk. 12.—Herodotus, bk. 4, ch. 99, &c.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 1.—Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 16.—Euripides, Iphigeneia.—Ovid, ex Ponto, bk. 1, poem 2, li. 80.—Silius Italicus, bk. 14, li. 260.—Juvenal, satire 15, li. 116.
Taurĭca Chersonēsus, a large peninsula of Europe at the south-west of the Palus Mæotis, now called the Crimea. It is joined by an isthmus to Scythia, and is bounded by the Cimmerian Bosphorus, the Euxine sea, and the Palus Mœotis. The inhabitants, called Tauri, were a savage and uncivilized nation. Strabo, bk. 4.—Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 12. See: Tauri.
Taurĭca, a surname of Diana, because she was worshipped by the inhabitants of Taurica Chersonesus.
Taurīni, the inhabitants of Taurinum, a town of Cisalpine Gaul, now called Turin, in Piedmont. Silius Italicus, bk. 3, li. 646.—Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 17.
Taurisci, a people of Mysia. Strabo, bk. 7.——Of Noricum, among the Alps. Strabo, bk. 4.
Tauriscus, a sculptor. See: Apollonius.
Taurium, a town of the Peloponnesus. Polybius.
Taurominium, a town of Sicily, between Messana and Catana, built by the Zancleans, Sicilians, and Hybleans, in the age of Dionysius the tyrant of Syracuse. The hills in the neighbourhood were famous for the fine grapes which they produced, and they surpassed almost the whole world for the extent and beauty of their prospects. There is a small river near it called Taurominius. Diodorus, bk. 16.
Taurus, the largest mountain of Asia, as to extent. One of its extremities is in Caria, and it extends not only as far as the most eastern extremities of Asia, but it also branches in several parts, and runs far into the north. Mount Taurus was known by several names, particularly in different countries. In Cilicia, where it reaches as far as the Euphrates, it was called Taurus. It was known by the names of Amanus, from the bay of Issus as far as the Euphrates; of Antitaurus from the western boundaries of Cilicia up to Armenia; of Montes Matieni in the country of the Leucosyrians; of Mons Moschicus at the south of the river Phasis; of Amaranta at the north of the Phasis; of Caucasus between the Hyrcanian and Euxine seas; of Hyrcanii Montes, near Hyrcania; of Imaus in the more eastern parts of Asia. The word Taurus was more properly confined to the mountains which separate Phrygia and Pamphylia from Cilicia. The several passes which were opened in the mountains were called Pylæ, and hence frequent mention is made in ancient authors of the Armenian Pylæ, Cilician Pylæ, &c. Mela, bk. 1, ch. 15; bk. 3, chs. 7 & 8.—Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 27.——A mountain in Germany. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 6, ch. 41.——Of Sicily.——Titus Statilius, a consul distinguished by his intimacy with Augustus, as well as by a theatre which he built, and the triumph which he obtained after a prosperous campaign in Africa. He was made prefect of Italy by his imperial friend.——A proconsul of Africa, accused by Agripina, who wished him to be condemned, that she might become mistress of his gardens. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 12, ch. 59.——An officer of Minos king of Crete. He had an amour with Pasiphae, whence arose the fable of the Minotaur, from the son, who was born some time after. See: Minotaurus. Taurus was vanquished by Theseus, in the games which Minos exhibited in Crete. Plutarch, Theseus.
Taxĭla (plural), a large country in India, between the Indus and the Hydaspes. Strabo, bk. 15.
Taxĭlus, or Taxiles, a king of Taxila in the age of Alexander, called also Omphis. He submitted to the conqueror, who rewarded him with great liberality. Diodorus, bk. 17.—Plutarch, Alexander.—Ælian, Varia Historia, bk. 5, ch. 6.—Curtius, bk. 8, ch. 14.——A general of Mithridates, who assisted Archelaus against the Romans in Greece. He was afterwards conquered by Muræna the lieutenant of Sylla.
Taximaquilus, a king in the southern parts of Britain when Cæsar invaded it. Cæsar, bk. 5, Gallic War, ch. 22.
Taygēte, or Taygēta, a daughter of Atlas and Pleione, mother of Lacedæmon by Jupiter. She became one of the Pleiades after death. Hyginus, fables 155 & 192.—Pausanias, in Laconia, chs. 1 & 18.
Taygētus, or Taygēta (orum), a mountain of Laconia, in Peloponnesus, at the west of the river Eurotas. It hung over the city of Lacedæmon, and it is said that once a part of it fell down by an earthquake, and destroyed the suburbs. It was on this mountain that the Lacedæmonian women celebrated the orgies of Bacchus. Mela, bk. 2, ch. 5.—Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 1.—Strabo, bk. 8.—Lucan, bk. 5, li. 52.—Virgil, Georgics, bk. 2, li. 488.
Teānum, a town of Campania, on the Appian road, at the east of the Liris, called Sidicinum, to be distinguished from another town of the same name at the west of Apulia, at a small distance from the coast of the Adriatic. The rights of citizenship were extended to it under Augustus. Cicero, For Aulus Cluentius, chs. 9 & 69. Philostratus, bk. 12, ch. 11.—Horace, bk. 1, ltr. 1.—Pliny, bk. 31, ch. 2.—Livy, bk. 22, ch. 27.
Tearus, a river of Thrace, rising in the same rock from 38 different sources, some of which are hot, and others cold. Darius raised a column there when he marched against the Scythians, as if to denote the sweetness and salubrity of the waters of that river. Herodotus, bks. 4, 5, 90, &c.—Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 11.
Teātea, Teate, or Tegeate, a town of Latium. Silius Italicus, bk. 8, li. 522; bk. 17, li. 457.
Teches, a mountain of Pontus, from which the 10,000 Greeks had first a view of the sea. Xenophon, Anabasis, bk. 4.
Techmessa, the daughter of a Phrygian prince, called by some Teuthras, and by others Teleutas. When her father was killed in war by Ajax son of Telamon, the young princess became the property of the conqueror, and by him she had a son called Eurysaces. Sophocles, in one of his tragedies, represents Techmessa as moving her husband to pity by her tears and entreaties, when he wished to stab himself. Horace, bk. 2, ode 1, li. 6.—Dictys Cretensis.—Sophocles, Ajax.
Tecmon, a town of Epirus. Livy, bk. 45, ch. 26.
Tecnatis, a king of Egypt.
Tectămus, a son of Dorus, grandson of Hellen the son of Deucalion, went to Crete with the Ætolians and Pelasgians, and reigned there. He had a son called Asterius by the daughter of Cretheus.
Tectosăges, or Tectosăgæ, a people of Gallia Narbonensis, whose capital was the modern Toulouse. They received the name of Tectosagæ quod sagis tegerentur. Some of them passed into Germany, where they settled near the Hercynian forest, and another colony passed into Asia, where they conquered Phrygia, Paphlagonia, and Cappadocia. The Tectosagæ were among those Gauls who pillaged Rome under Brennus, and who attempted some time after to plunder the temple of Apollo at Delphi. At their return home from Greece they were visited by a pestilence, and ordered, to stop it, to throw into the river all the riches and plunder which they had obtained in their distant excursions. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 6, ch. 23.—Strabo, bk. 4.—Cicero, de Natura Deorum, bk. 3.—Livy, bk. 38, ch. 16.—Florus, bk. 2, ch. 11.—Justin, bk. 32.
Tecum, a river of Gaul falling from the Pyrenees into the Mediterranean.
Tedanius, a river of Liburnia. Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 21.
Tĕgēa, or Tegæa, now Moklai, a town of Arcadia in the Peloponnesus, founded by Tegeates, a son of Lycaon, or, according to others, by Aleus. The gigantic bones of Orestes were found buried there and removed to Sparta. Apollo and Pan were worshipped there, and there also Ceres, Proserpine, and Venus had each a temple. The inhabitants were called Tegeates; and the epithet Tegæa is given to Atalanta, as a native of the place. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 8, fable 7; Fasti, bk. 6, li. 531.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 5, li. 293.—Strabo, bk. 8.—Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 45, &c.
Tegula Publius Licinius, a comic poet who flourished B.C. 198.
Tegyra, a town of Bœotia where Apollo Tegyrœus was worshipped. There was a battle fought there between the Thebans and the Peloponnesians.
Teios. See: Teos.
Teium, a town of Paphlagonia on the Euxine sea.
Tela, a town of Spain.
Tĕlămon, a king of the island of Salamis, son of Æacus and Endeis. He was brother to Peleus, and father to Teucer and to Ajax, who on that account is often called Telamonius heros. He fled from Megara, his native country, after he had accidentally murdered his brother Phocus in playing with the quoit, and he sailed to the island of Salamis, where he soon after married Glauce, the daughter of Cychreus the king of the place. At the death of his father-in-law, who had no male issue, Telamon became king of Salamis. He accompanied Jason in his expedition to Colchis, and was arm-bearer to Hercules, when that hero took Laomedon prisoner, and destroyed Troy. Telamon was rewarded by Hercules for his services with the hand of Hesione, whom the conqueror had obtained among the spoils of Troy, and with her he returned to Greece. He also married Peribœa, whom some call Eribœa. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 13, li. 151.—Sophocles, Ajax.—Pindar, Isthmean, ch. 6.—Statius, Thebaid, bk. 6.—Apollodorus, bks. 1, 2, &c.—Pausanias, Corinthia.—Hyginus, fable 97, &c.——A seaport town of Etruria. Mela, bk. 2, ch. 4.
Telamoniădes, a patronymic given to the descendants of Telamon.
Telchīnes, a people of Rhodes, said to have been originally from Crete. They were the inventors of many useful arts, and, according to Diodorus, passed for the sons of the sea. They were the first who raised statues to the gods. They had the power of changing themselves into whatever shape they pleased, and, according to Ovid, they could poison and fascinate all objects with their eyes, and cause rain and hail to fall at pleasure. The Telchinians insulted Venus, for which the goddess inspired them with a sudden fury, so that they committed the grossest crimes, and offered violence even to their own mothers. Jupiter destroyed them all by a deluge. Diodorus.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 7, li. 365, &c.
Telchīnia, a surname of Minerva at Teumessa in Bœotia, where she had a temple. Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 19.——Also a surname of Juno in Rhodes, where she had a statue at Ialysus raised by the Telchinians, who settled there.——Also an ancient name of Crete, as the place from whence the Telchines of Rhodes were descended. Statius, bk. 6, Sylvæ, poem 6, li. 47.
Telchīnius, a surname of Apollo among the Rhodians. Diodorus, bk. 5.
Telchis, a son of Europs the son of Ægialeus. He was one of the first kings of the Peloponnesus.
Telea, a surname of Juno in Bœotia.
Teleboæ, or Teleboes, a people of Ætolia, called also Taphians; some of whom left their native country, and settled in the island of Capreæ. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 7, li. 715. See: Taphiæ.
Teleboas, a son of Ixion and the cloud. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 11.——A son of Lycaon. Apollodorus.
Teleboides, islands opposite Leucadia. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 12.
Telĕcles, or Telĕclus, a Lacedæmonian king of the family of the Agidæ, who reigned 40 years, B.C. 813. Herodotus, bk. 7, ch. 205.—Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 2.——A philosopher, disciple of Lacidas, B.C. 214.——A Milesian.