CONTENTS.

BOOK I.
GREEK CRITICISM.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY.
  PAGE
Delimitation of frontier 3
Classes of Criticism excluded 4
Class retained 4
Method 4
Texts the chief object 5
Hypotheses non fingo 6
  PAGE
Illustration from M. Egger 6
The Documents 7
Greek 7
Roman 7
Mediæval 7
Renaissance and Modern 8
CHAPTER II.
GREEK CRITICISM BEFORE ARISTOTLE.
Earliest criticism of the Greeks 9
Probably Homeric in subject 9
Probably allegoric in method 10
Xenophanes 12
Parmenides 13
Empedocles 13
Democritus 15
The Sophists—earlier 15
The Sophists—later 17
Plato 17
His crotchets 18
His compensations 19
Aristophanes 21
The Frogs 22
Other criticism in Comedy 23
Simylus (?) 25
Isocrates 26
CHAPTER III.
ARISTOTLE.
Authorship of the criticism attributed to Aristotle 29
Its subject-matter 30
Abstract of the Poetics 32
Characteristics, general 35
Limitations of range 36
Ethical twist 37
Drawbacks resulting 37
Overbalance of merit 38
The doctrine of ἁμαρτία 39
The Rhetoric 39
Meaning and range of “Rhetoric” 40
The contents of the book 41
Attitude to lexis 42
Vocabulary—“Figures” 43
A difficulty 44
“Frigidity” 44
Archaism 45
Stock epithet and periphrasis 45
False metaphor 46
Simile 46
“Purity” 46
“Elevation” 46
Propriety 46
Prose rhythm 47
Loose and periodic style, &c. 48
General effect of the Rhetoric 48
The Homeric Problems 49
Value of the two main treatises 51
Defects and drawbacks in the Poetics 51
And in the Rhetoric 52
Merits of both 53
The end of art: the οἰκεῖα ἡδονή 55
Theory of Action 55
And of ἁμαρτία 56
Of Poetic Diction 56
CHAPTER IV.
GREEK CRITICISM AFTER ARISTOTLE. SCHOLASTIC AND MISCELLANEOUS.
Development of Criticism 60
Theophrastus and others 61
Criticism of the later Philosophical Schools: The Stoics 62
The Epicureans: Philodemus 63
The Pyrrhonists: Sextus Empiricus 64
The Academics 66
The Neo-Platonists 67
Plotinus 67
Porphyry 68
Rhetoricians and Grammarians 70
Rhetoric early stereotyped 72
Grammatical and Scholiastic criticism 73
The Pergamene and Alexandrian Schools 74
Their Four Masters 75
The Scholiasts on Aristophanes 76
On Sophocles 77
On Homer 78
The Literary Epigrams of the Anthology 81
The Rhetoric of the Schools 87
Its documents 88
The Progymnasmata of Hermogenes 90
Remarks on them 91
Aphthonius 92
Theon 93
Nicolaus 95
Nicephorus 95
Minors 95
General remarks on the Progymnasmata 96
The Commentaries on them 96
The “Art” of Hermogenes 97
Other “Arts,” &c. 100
Treatises on Figures 102
The Demetrian De Interpretatione 103
Menander on Epideictic 104
Others 105
The Rhetoric or De Inventione of Longinus 106
Survey of School Rhetoric 107
The Practical Rhetoricians or Masters of Epideictic 108
Dion Chrysostom 109
Aristides of Smyrna 113
Maximus Tyrius 117
Philostratus 118
Libanius 121
Themistius 124
Julian 125
CHAPTER V.
DIONYSIUS OF HALICARNASSUS, PLUTARCH, LUCIAN, LONGINUS.
Dionysius of Halicarnassus 127
His works 128
The Rhetoric 129
The Composition 129
Censures and Commentaries on Orators, &c. 133
The minor works 134
The judgment of Thucydides 135
General critical value 136
Plutarch 137
The Lives quite barren for us 138
The Moralia at first sight promising 138
Examination of this promise 139
The “Education” 139
The Papers on “Reading” 140
The Lives of the Orators 142
The Malignity of Herodotus 142
The “Comparison of Aristophanes and Menander” 143
The Roman Questions 144
The Symposiacs 144
Lucian 146
The How to write History 147
The Lexiphanes 148
Other pieces: The Prometheus Es 149
Works touching Rhetoric 150
His critical limitations 151
Longinus: the difficulties raised 152
“Sublimity” 153
Quality and contents of the treatise 154
Preliminary Retrospect 158
Detailed Criticism: The opening 159
The stricture on the Orithyia 159
Frigidity 160
The “maidens in the eyes” 160
The canon “Quod semper” 161
The sources of sublimity 161
Longinus on Homer 162
On Sappho 163
“Amplification” 164
“Images” 165
The Figures 166
“Faultlessness” 168
Hyperboles 169
“Harmony” 169
The Conclusion 170
Modernity of the treatise 172
Or rather sempiternity 173
CHAPTER VI.
BYZANTINE CRITICISM.
Photius 175
Detailed examination of the Bibliotheca 177
Importance of its position as a body of critical judgment 183
Tzetzes 187
John the Siceliote 187
   
INTERCHAPTER I. 191
BOOK II.
LATIN CRITICISM.
CHAPTER I.
BEFORE QUINTILIAN—CICERO, HORACE, SENECA THE ELDER, VARRO.
The conditions of Latin criticism 211
Cicero 213
His attitude to Lucretius 214
His Rhetorical works 217
His Critical Vocabulary 219
Horace 221
The Ad Pisones 221
Its desultoriness 224
And arbitrary conventionality 225
Its compensations: Brilliancy 225
Typical spirit 226
And practical value 227
The Satires and Epistles 228
“Declamations” 230
Their subjects: epideictic 231
And forensic 231
Their influence on style 232
Seneca the Elder 234
The Suasories 234
The Controversies: their Introductions 236
Varro 240
CHAPTER II.
THE CONTEMPORARIES OF QUINTILIAN.
Petronius 242
Seneca the Younger 245
The satirists 248
Persius 248
The Prologue and First Satire 248
Examination of this 251
Juvenal 253
Martial 256
The style of the Epigrams 258
Précis of their critical contents 260
Statius 268
Pliny the Younger: Criticism on the Letters 270
The Dialogue de Claris Oratoribus 280
Mr. Nettleship’s estimate of it 283
The general literary taste of the Silver Age 284
“Faultlessness” 285
Ornate or plain style 287
CHAPTER III.
QUINTILIAN.
The Institutes 289
Preface 291
Book I.: Elementary Education 291
And Grammar 291
Books II.-VII. only relevant now and then 292
How to lecture on an author 293
Wit 294
Book VIII.: Style 295
Perspicuity 296
Elegance 297
Books VIII., IX.: Tropes and Figures 299
Composition 304
Prose rhythm 304
Book X.: Survey of Classical Literature 306
Greek: Homer and other Epic poets 307
The Lyrists 308
Drama 308
The Historians 309
The orators and philosophers 309
Latin—Virgil 310
Other epic and didactic poets 310
Elegiac and miscellaneous 311
Drama 311
History 312
Oratory—Cicero 313
Philosophy—Cicero and Seneca 313
Minor counsel of the Tenth Book 313
Books XI., XII.: The styles of oratory 314
“Atticism” 315
Literary quality of Greek and Latin 315
Quintilian’s critical ethos 317
CHAPTER IV.
LATER WRITERS.
Aulus Gellius: the Noctes Atticæ 323
Macrobius: the Saturnalia 329
Servius on Virgil 334
Other commentators 341
Ausonius 342
The Anthologia Latina 344
The Latin Rhetoricians 345
Rutilius Lupus, &c. 346
Curius Fortunatianus: his Catechism 346
Marius Victorinus on Cicero 348
Others 349
Martianus Capella 349
INTERCHAPTER II. 355