The Government of the Ottoman Empire in the Time of Suleiman the Magnificent

		PAGE
INTRODUCTION
Ideas Constitute a Nation		3
The Background of Ottoman History		5
Character and Mission of the Ottoman Empire		7
The Racial Descent of the Ottoman Turks		10
Seljuk and Ottoman Turks in Asia Minor		14
The Sources of Ottoman Culture		18
CHAPTER I THE CHARACTER OF THE OTTOMAN STATE IN GENERAL
Definition		25
The Limitations on Despotism		26
The Territorial Basis		28
The Peoples		33
Institutions of Government		35
Contemporary Descriptions of the Two Great Institutions		38
CHAPTER II THE OTTOMAN RULING INSTITUTION: AS A SLAVE-FAMILY
I.	General Description	45
II.	The Slave-Family	47
	Methods of Recruiting	49
	The Tribute Boys	51
	Estimate of the System	53
	The Slave Status	55
	The Harem, the Eunuchs, and the Royal Family	56
	Other Ottoman Slave-Families	58
	Character of Ottoman Slavery	60
CHAPTER III THE RULING INSTITUTION: AS MISSIONARY ENTERPRISE AND EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
I.	The Missionary Motive	62
	The Ottoman Attitude	63
	Other Motives for Incorporating Christians	65
	The Requirement of Conversion	66
	Sincerity of Conversion	68
	Effect of the Process	69
II.	The Educational Scheme	71
	The Colleges of Pages	73
	The Harem	78
	The Ajem-oghlans	79
	Advancement Based on Merit	82
	Punishments	88
CHAPTER IV THE RULING INSTITUTION: AS AN ARMY
The Military Aspect		90
The Janissaries		91
The Succession to the Throne		93
The Spahis of the Porte		98
The Feudal Spahis		100
Officers of the Feudal Spahis		103
Other Bodies of Troops		105
Discipline and Ardor		108
The Supreme Command		109
Indivisibility of the Army		111
CHAPTER V THE RULING INSTITUTION: AS A NOBILITY AND A COURT
I.	Privileges of the Kullar	114
	Nobility not Hereditary	117
II.	Character of the Sultan’s Court	120
	Organization of the Household	123
	The Harem	124
	The Inside Service	126
	The Outside Service	128
	The Ceremonies of the Court	133
	Influence of the Court	141
CHAPTER VI THE RULING INSTITUTION: AS GOVERNMENT
Summary		146
Functions of the Ottoman Government		147
The Sultan as Head of the State and of the Government		150
The Sultan as Legislator		152
The Legislation of Suleiman		159
The Viziers		163
The Defterdars or Treasurers		167
Taxation in the Ottoman Empire		175
Suleiman’s Income		179
The Nishanji or Chancellor		182
The Divan or Council		187
The Ruling Institution as a Whole		193
CHAPTER VII THE MOSLEM INSTITUTION OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
General Description		199
Financial Support of the Moslem Institution		200
The Educational System		203
Clergy, Seids, and Dervishes		206
Jurists and the Mufti		207
The Judicial System		215
The Moslem Institution as a Whole		224
CHAPTER VIII COMPARISON OF THE TWO GREAT INSTITUTIONS
Likenesses		227
Differences		230
Interactions		232
The Relative Power of the Institutions		233
APPENDICES
I.	The Second Book of the Affairs of the Turks
	Written in 1534, supposedly by Benedetto Ramberti.
	Translated from the Italian	239
II.	Pamphlet of Junis Bey and Alvise Gritti
	Printed in 1537. Presented in the original Italian	262
III.	Incomplete Table of Contents of the Kanun-Nameh, or Collection of Edicts, of Suleiman the Magnificent as arranged by the Mufti Ebu Su’ud
	Translated from the Turkish	276
IV.	The Government of the Mogul Empire in India
	General Comparison of Ottoman and Indian Conditions	278
	The Personnel of the Mogul Government	279
	Relation of Government to Religious Propagation	283
	The Army	285
	The Court	287
	The Government Proper	292
	The Moslems and the Moslem Church	299
	Books consulted in the Preparation of Appendix IV	303
V.	Bibliographical Notes
	i. Origins of Ottoman Governmental Ideas	305
	ii. The Ottoman Government in the Sixteenth Century	307
	iii. Alphabetical List of Works Cited	322
GLOSSARY OF TURKISH WORDS		331
INDEX		339

CONTENTS