The pronunciation of the words defined should be approximately phonetic, the vowels by the continental system, the consonants as usually in English. Forms not defined are variant Western spellings. Gh is silent except at the beginning of a word. Plurals of nouns originally Turkish are formed by affixing -ler or -lar. The plurals in -s used in the foregoing pages are Anglicized.

• Achiar, or Aconiziae, see Akinji.
• Adet, established custom, 152, 161.
• Agha, a general officer.
• Aghiar, see Akinji.
• Agiamoglani, see Ajem-oghlan.
• Ajem-oghlan (untrained youth), a cadet or apprentice Janissary, 79 ff.
• Akinji, the irregular cavalry, 105.
• Alai Bey, a colonel of the feudal cavalry, 103.
• Alcangi, Akanzi, or Alengi, see Akinji.
• Allophase, see Ulufagi.
• Ameji, a receiver of petitions, etc., 183.
• Aquangi, see Akinji.
• Arpa-emini, intendant of forage, 132.
• Ashji-bashi, a chief cook, 245.
• Azab, the irregular infantry, 105.
• Bailo (Italian), a Venetian minister resident at Constantinople.
• Bairam, the name of two great Moslem festivals, 136.
• Balucasi, see Boluk-bashi.
• Bascia, see Pasha.
• Bash, a head, a chief.
• Bassa, see Pasha.
• Berat, an ordinance, or document conferring a dignity or privilege.
• Berat-emini, a distributor of ordinances, 253.
• Beylerbey (lord of lords), a general of feudal cavalry and governor of a province or group of provinces, 103.
• Beylikji, a director of the three chancery bureaus, 183.
• Beylik Kalemi, a bureau of the Chancery, 183.
• Bezestan, a market house in Constantinople, built by Mohammed II.
• Bin(m)bashi (chief of a thousand), a colonel.
• Boluk-bashi, a captain of the Janissaries, 249.
• Bostanji, a gardener.
• Bostanji-bashi, the head gardener of the Sultan’s palace—a high official, 130.
• Cacaia, see Kiaya.
• Cadilescher, see Kaziasker.
• Cahaia, or Caia, see Kiaya.
• Calvalgibassi, see Helvaji-bashi.
• Capagasi, see Kapu-aghasi.
• Capiagabasi, see Kapuji-bashi.
• Capi (oglan), see Ghureba (oghlan).
• Caragi, see Kharâji.
• Caripicus, see Ghureba.
• Caripp (oglan), see Ghureba (oghlan).
• Caripy, see Ghureba.
• Carmandari (Italianized), muleteers, 251.
• Carzeri, see Kharâji.
• Casnandarbasi, see Khazinehdar-bashi.
• Cavriliji (Italianized), a herdsman, 251.
• Ceyssi, see Seis.
• Chakirji, a vulturer, 252.
• Chasnejir, a taster, 245.
• Chasnejir-bashi, a chief taster, 245.
• Chaush, an usher, 130.
• Chaush-bashi, chief of the Chaushes—a high official, 183.
• Checaya, or Chechessi, see Kiaya.
• Chelebi, a gentleman.
• Cheri-bashi (chief of soldiery), a petty officer of feudal cavalry.
• Chiccaia, or Chietcudasci, see Kiaya.
• Chokadar, a page of high rank, 127.
• Ciarcagi, see Ghureba.
• Ciaus, see Chaush.
• Cogia, see Hoja.
• Coureyschs, see Koreish.
• Danishmend, a master of arts, 205.
• Dar ul-harb, home or land of war, 29.
• Dar ul-Islam, home or land of Islam, 64.
• Defterdar, a treasurer, 167 ff., 174.
• Defter-emini (intendant of account-books), a recorder of fiefs, 172.
• Deli, crazy (appellation of a scout or a captain of the Akinji).
• Dervish, a member of a Moslem religious order, 207.
• Deveji, a camel-driver, 251.
• Devshurmeh, a gathering or collecting (of the tribute boys), 51.
• Divan, the Ottoman council of state, 187 ff.; a council of a great officer, 216, note 3.
• Dulbend, or Dulipante (Italianized), a turban.
• Emin (plural Umena), an intendant, 132.
• Emir, a descendant of the prophet Mohammed, 206 ff.; a commander, a governor.
• Emir-al-Akhor, a grand equerry, 131.
• Ersi kharâjiyeh, tribute lands, 31.
• Ersi memleket, state lands, 31.
• Ersi ’ushriyeh, tithe lands, 31.
• Eski, old.
• Fetva, a response from a Mufti, 208, 223.
• Fetva-khaneh, the drafting bureau of the Sheik ul-Islam, 208.
• Fikh, the practical regulations of the Sacred Law, 153.
• Firman, an administrative ordinance, 157.
• Gachaia, see Kiaya.
• Gharib (oglan), see Ghureba (oghlan).
• Ghureba (foreigner), a member of the lowest corps of the standing cavalry, 98 and note 5.
• Gonnullu, a volunteer soldier or sailor, 102.
• Gul-behar, rose of spring (a feminine proper name), 57 note 3.
• Hebegibassi, see Jebeji-bashi.
• Hekim-bashi, a chief physician, 129.
• Helvaji-bashi, a chief confectioner, 245.
• Hoja, a teacher; the Sultan’s adviser, 128.
• Holofagi, see Ulufagi.
• Humayun, imperial.
• Iaching, see Akinji.
• Ianicerotti (Italianized), the Ajem-oghlans.
• Iaxagi, see Yaziji.
• Ikinji Kapu-oghlan, a white eunuch in charge of the second gate of the place, 128.
• Imâm, the Caliph or lawful successor of Mohammed, 28, 150, 235; a leader of daily prayers, 206.
• Imbrahor, Imbroor, Imrakhor, or Imror, see Emir-al-Akhor.
• Iskemleji, a page of high rank, 244.
• Itch-oghlan (inside youth), a page in one of the Sultan’s palaces, 73 ff.
• Jebeji-bashi, a chief armorer, 252.
• Jerrah-bashi, a chief surgeon, 129.
• Jizyeh, a poll or capitation tax on non-Moslems, 175.
• Kadi, see Kazi.
• Kadi al asker, or Kadi l’esker, see Kaziasker.
• Kaim, a caretaker of a mosque, 206.
• Kalem, a bureau of the Treasury, 168 ff.
• Kanun, an imperial decree, 152, 158.
• Kanuni, legislator, 27.
• Kanun-nameh, a book or collection of laws, 158 ff.
• Kapu Aghasi (general of the gate), the white eunuch in charge of the principal palace, 126.
• Kapudan Pasha, an admiral, 189.
• Kapuji, a gatekeeper, 130.
• Kapuji-bashi, a head gatekeeper, 126.
• Kapujilar-kiayasi, a grand chamberlain, 190.
• Kazi, a judge, 215 ff.
• Kaziasker (judge of the army), one of the two chief judges of the Ottoman Empire, 220 ff.
• Ketkhuda, see Kiaya.
• Kharâj, a tax or tribute in money or kind on lands belonging to non-Moslems, 175.
• Kharâji, a non-Moslem who pays the kharâj, 41.
• Khass Oda (private chamber), the highest chamber of pages, 75, 126.
• Khass, a very large fief, 100.
• Khatib, a leader of Friday prayers, 206.
• Khazinehdar-bashi, a treasurer-in-chief, 127.
• Khazineh-odassi (chamber of the treasury), the second chamber of pages, 127.
• Khojagan, a chief of a treasury bureau, 168.
• Khurrem, happy, joyful (a feminine proper name), 57.
• Kiaya (common form of ketkhuda), a steward or lieutenant, 96 note 4, 125.
• Kiaya-bey, the lieutenant of the grand vizier, 182 ff.
• Kiaya Katibi, a private secretary of the Kiaya-bey, 184.
• Kilerji-bashi, a chief of the sultan’s pantry, 127.
• Kiler-odassi (chamber of the pantry), the third chamber of pages, 127.
• Kizlar Aghasi (general of the girls), the black eunuch in charge of the palace of the harem, 125.
• Koreish, the Arabian tribe of which Mohammed the prophet was a member, 150, 235.
• Kul, a slave; one of the sultan’s slave-family, 47 ff.
• Masraf-shehriyari (imperial steward), substitute for the intendant of kitchen, 132.
• Mawuna, or Maone (Italianized), a sailing vessel.
• Mecter, see Mihter.
• Medresseh, a secondary school or college, 203 ff.
• Mekteb, a school, 203.
• Mektubji, a private secretary of the grand vizier, 184.
• Mihter, a tent-pitcher; a musician.
• Mihter-bashi, the chief tent-pitcher, 132.
• Mir Alem, the imperial standard bearer, 131, 206.
• Miri-akhor, see Emir-al-Akhor.
• Molla, a judge of high rank, 217.
• Mosellem, a fief holder by ancient tenure, 105.
• Muderis, a professor in a Medresseh, 205.
• Muezzin, one who calls Moslems to prayer, 206.
• Mufettish, a special judge dealing with endowments, 201, 218.
• Mufti, a Moslem legal authority; in particular, the Sheik ul-Islam, 207 ff.
• Muhtesib, a lieutenant of police, 219.
• Mujtahid, a doctor of the Sacred Law.
• Mulâzim (candidate), a graduate of the higher Medressehs, 205.
• Mulk, land held in fee-simple, 31.
• Munejim-bashi, a chief astrologer, 129.
• Muste emin, a resident foreigner, 34.
• Mutbakh-emini, intendant of the kitchen, 132.
• Muteferrika, the Noble Guard, 129.
• Muteveli, an administrator of an endowment, 201.
• Naib, an inferior judge, 218.
• Nakib ol-Eshraf, the chief of the Seids or descendants of the prophet Mohammed, 206.
• Nazir, an inspector of an endowment, 201.
• Nishanji, a chancellor, 182 ff.
• Nizam al-mulk, basis of the order of the kingdom (title of a vizier of Melek Shah), 306.
• Oda (a room), a chamber of the pages or of the harem recruits; a company of the Janissaries.
• Oda-bashi (head of chamber), the page of highest rank, 244; a corporal of the Janissaries, 249.
• Oghlan, a youth.
• Okumak-yerleri (reading-places), primary schools, 203.
• Orta, a company of the Janissaries. (See also Oda.)
• Ouloufedgis, see Ulufaji.
• Papuji, a page of high rank, 244.
• Pasha, a very high official.
• Peik, a member of the body-guard of halbardiers, 130.
• Podesta (Italian), a municipal judge.
• Quaia, or Queaya, see Kiaya.
• Ramazan, the Moslem month of fasting.
• Rayah, non-Moslem Ottoman subjects, 159.
• Reis Effendi, or Reis ul-Khuttab, a recording secretary, 174; a recording secretary of the Divan, later an important minister of state, 182 ff.
• Reis ul-Ulema (head of the Ulema), an early title of the Sheik ul-Islam, 208 note 3.
• Rekiab-Aghalari (generals of the stirrup), a group of high officers of the outside service of the palace, 131.
• Rusnamehji, a chief book-keeper of the Treasury, 168.
• Ruus Kalemi, a bureau of the Chancery, 183.
• Sakka, a water-carrier.
• Sanjak, a flag or standard, a district.
• Sanjak Bey, a high officer of feudal cavalry and governor of a Sanjak, 103.
• Saremin, see Shehr-emini.
• Sarraf, a banker.
• Schēni, see Iskemleji.
• Seferli-odassi (chamber of campaign), the fourth chamber of pages, 128 note 1.
• Segban-bashi (master of the hounds), the second officer of the corps of Janissaries, 96, 132 note 3.
• Seid, a descendant of the prophet Mohammed, 206.
• Seis, a groom, 251.
• Selicter, see Silihdar.
• Seracter, see Sharabdar.
• Serai, a palace.
• Seraskier, a commander-in-chief.
• Serraj, saddlers, 251.
• Seymen-bashi, a popular form of Segban-bashi, q. v.
• Shahinji, a falconer, 252.
• Sharabdar (drink-bearer), a page of high rank, 127.
• Shehr-emini, intendant of imperial buildings, 132.
• Sheik, a preacher; a head of a religious community, 206.
• Sheik ul-Islam, the Mufti of Constantinople and head of the Moslem Institution, 208 ff.
• Sheri (or Sheriat), the Moslem Sacred Law, 152 ff.
• Sherif, a descendant of the prophet Mohammed, 206.
• Silihdar (sword-bearer), a member of the second corps of standing cavalry, 98 and note 5; the page who carried the sultan’s arms, 127.
• Sillictar, see Silihdar.
• Sipah, or Sipahi, see Spahi.
• Sofi, woolen; a dervish (an appellation of the Shah of Persia).
• Softa, an undergraduate in a Medresseh, 205.
• Solak (left-handed), a janissary bowman of the sultan’s personal guard, 129.
• Spachi, see Spahi.
• Spacoillain, see Spahi-oghlan.
• Spahi, a cavalry soldier; a member of the standing or feudal cavalry, 47, 98 ff., 100 ff.
• Spahi-oghlan (cavalry youth), a member of the highest corps of the standing cavalry, 98 and note 5.
• Spai, see Spahi.
• Subashi, a captain of the feudal cavalry and governor of a town, 103.
• Sukhta (inflamed), see Softa.
• Sulastrus, see Silihdar.
• Sultana, a princess or queen mother, 125; (the true Turkish form uses a proper name or the word Valideh, followed by Sultan).
• Suluphtar, see Silihdar.
• Tahvil Kalemi, a bureau of the Chancery, 183.
• Talisman, see Danishmend.
• Tapu, a tenant’s lease or title deed, 31.
• Terjuman, an interpreter (dragoman).
• Terjuman Divani Humayun, a chief interpreter of the sultan, 183.
• Teshrifat, ceremony, 134.
• Teshrifatji, a master of ceremonies, 184.
• Teskereh, a document.
• Teskereji, a master of petitions, 184.
• Teskereji-bashi (chief of document-writers), the Nishanji, 184, 185.
• Timar, a fief of small income, 100; feudal income.
• Timarji, the holder of a Timar.
• Tughra, the sultan’s monogram, 185.
• Ulema (plural of âlim, a learned man), the whole body of Moslems learned in the Sacred Law, 203 ff.
• Ulufaji (paid troops), a member of the third corps of the sultan’s standing cavalry, 98 and note 5.
• Umena, plural of Emin.
• Urf, the sovereign will of the reigning sultan, 152, 162.
• ’Ushr, a tithe on lands belonging to Moslems, 175.
• Vakf, a religious endowment, 31, 201 ff.
• Valideh, a mother.
• Veznedar, an official weigher of money, 132.
• Vizier (burden-bearer), a minister of state, 163 ff.
• Voivode (Slavic), an officer, a governor.
• Yachinji, see Akinji.
• Yaya, a fief holder by ancient tenure, owing infantry service, 105.
• Yaziji, a scribe or secretary.
• Yedi-kuleh (seven towers), a strong castle against the land wall of Constantinople, 172.
• Yenicheri (new soldiery), the corps of the Janissaries, 91 ff.
• Yeni Oda (new chamber), the lowest chamber of pages in the principal palace, 75, 127.
• Zagarji-bashi (master of the harriers), a high officer of the Janissaries, 132 note 5.
• Zanijiler (Italianized), lancers or Voinaks (?), 252.
• Zarabkhane-emini, intendant of mints and mines, 132.
• Ziam, the holder of a Ziamet.
• Ziamet, a large fief, 100.
• Zimmi, a tributary non-Moslem subject, 34.