The natural history of Aleppo and parts adjacent

INDEX.

A.
Air, how regulated in the plague, page 246.
Aleppo, its buildings inferior to no Turkish city, 1.
Its situation, ibid. 2, and extent, 2.
Its buildings described, 2-5.
Streets, markets, and other conveniencies, 5, 6.
Water and fuel, 7.
Adjacent country, 8.
Latitude and longitude, 9, 10.
Seasons, 12, 13.
Rains and winds, 14, 15.
Soil, culture, and produce, 15, 16, 17.
Different religions professed there, 77, 119.
Number of inhabitants, 77.
Languages, 78.
Persons of different sexes described, ibid. 79.
Dress, 79, 100, 101.
Dispositions, ibid. 80.
Food, 80, 81.
Ceremonies and entertainments of visits, 82, 83.
Bagnios, 84-88.
Manner of travelling, 89.
Time and manner of sleeping, ibid. 90.
Amusements or diversions, 91, 92, 93.
Music and musical instruments of various kinds, 93-96.
Education and literature, 96, 97.
Physic and physicians, 98, 99, 100.
Manner of painting their beards, eye-lids, and other parts of the body, 102, 103.
Ornaments of their women, ibid. 104.
Military and civil government, 120, 121.
Capital and other punishments, 121, 122.
Different sects of christians, 77, 123.
Animals about Aleppo used for food, an account of, 50-56.
For burden, 56, 57, 58.
Noxious, &c., 59-63.
Anodynes, used in the plague, 246.
Antelopes, two kinds about Aleppo, described, 54.
How caught by falcons, 67.
Apoplexies at Aleppo commonly end in hemiplegias, 220.
Several die suddenly of them, 223.
Arab Camel, an account of, 57.
—— Horses, valued for their fleetness, 58.
Arabia Deserta, described, 11.
Armenians, their lents, and how kept, 124.
Ass, two kinds of in Syria, 58.
Both of considerable use there, ibid.
Astrology, much regarded by the Turks, 96.
B.
Bagnios of Aleppo described, 84, 85.
How used by the men, 85, 86;
and by the women, 87, 88.
Entertainments of, 87.
Baraban, a large falcon used for hawking at Aleppo, 67.
Bazar. See market.
Beards, the method of dying them used by the Turks, 102.
Beef, not much used by the Turks or Jews at Aleppo, 50.
Why best there in the summer, ibid.
Bees, cultivated about Aleppo, 62.
Birds about Aleppo at different seasons, 64-72.
The locust bird described, 70.
Bittern, a remarkable sort of, described, 71, 72.
Black-fish, very plentiful at Aleppo, 73.
A description of, ibid. 74.
Bleeding, scarce ever performed on children at Aleppo, 201.
What used in place of it, ibid.
Its use in the plague, 242, 245.
Blistering, the people at Aleppo very averse to, 201, 248.
Its use in the plague, 248.
Buboes, Pestilential, their first appearance, progress, and cure, 231, 234, 237, 238, 248, 249.
Buffaloes, plenty of in Syria, 51;
but few near Aleppo, ibid.
Buffoons, used in all merry-makings by the Turks, 23.
Buildings at Aleppo described, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Materials for, some account of, 48, 49.
Are carried on with great ease and dexterity, 49.
Burgle, a food at Aleppo, described, 123.
Butter, how supplied at Aleppo, 53.
Commonly bad, ibid.
C.
Camels, of great use in Syria, 56.
Four sorts described, ibid. 57.
Carbuncles in the plague described, 233, 239.
Method of cure, 249, 250.
Cats, dangerous animals in the time of a plague, 255.
Cheaux at Aleppo, who, 132.
Chincough, a disease frequent among children, 217.
Its symptoms and cure, 201, 217.
Chinganas, a race of people among the Turks, described, 104.
Bring the plague to Aleppo, 191.
Christians, number of at Aleppo, 77.
Different sects, ibid.
Manner of living, 123, 124, 125.
Of burying and mourning, 130.
Coaches, none used at Aleppo, 89.
Coffee, in high esteem at Aleppo, 21.
Ceremonies of at a visit, ibid.
Coffee-houses frequented only by the vulgar at Aleppo, 91.
Coic river near Aleppo described, 8, 9.
Colleges, a number of insignificant ones at Aleppo, 96, 97.
Cordials and diaphoretic medicines, the most efficacious in the plague, 243, 244, 246.
Cotton produced in Syria, 18.
Coursing, in great esteem among the people of fashion at Aleppo, 67.
Crabs, abundance of at Aleppo, 77.
Curds, a race of people in Syria, some account of them, 250.
D.
Dancing, not esteemed a fashionable accomplishment among the Turks, 92.
Diarrhœas and Dysenteries, frequent at Aleppo, 192, 200, 203.
Their symptoms and cure, 192.
In the plague, 236.
Diseases epidemical, at Aleppo, from 1742 to 1747, inclusive; some account of, 190-212.
In 1752, 212-218.
In 1753, 218-223.
Divan among the Turks described, 4.
Dogs of several kinds, in great plenty at Aleppo, 60.
Not subject to madness, ibid.
Dromedary, a beast of burden in Syria, an account of, 57.
Druggoman at Aleppo, who, 132.
Dysentery, produced from bad bread, 212.
E.
Emeers among the Turks, who, 122.
Their priviledges, ibid.
English at Aleppo, some account of, 135.
Europeans at Aleppo, some account of, 132, 133, 134.
Why not so liable to epidemics as the natives, 138.
Subject of a fever on their first arrival, 140.
Exercises, little used among the Turks, 88.
Some of them described, 89.
F.
Falcons. See Hawking.
Fever, acute at Aleppo, 190.
Its symptoms and method of cure, ibid.
Intermittent, its progress and cure, 99, 200, 202.
Inflammatory among children, 201.
Method of cure, ibid.
Malignant, 202.
Symptoms and cure, 203.
Putrid, its symptoms, 206, 207.
Cure, 207.
A different kind of fatal fever, 207.
Its symptoms, 208, 209.
Cure, 209, 210.
Continual, 212, 213, 218, 219, 220.
Symptoms and cure, 215, 216.
Frequent among children, 217.
Concomitants, ibid.
Continual, of a more violent kind, 220.
Symptoms, 220, 221.
Cure, 222.
Summer fever among children, ibid.
Continual fever, very infectious, 223.
Fever, violent in the plague, 230.
Fish, seldom used by the Turks, 72.
The different sorts at Aleppo, 73-77.
Flowers, a great variety about Aleppo, some account of, 27, 28, 29.
Fowls, tame, several kinds used for food at Aleppo, 63.
Those of the game kind, 63, 64, 65.
Foxes, found in Syria, 66.
French, their number at Aleppo, 132.
Frogs are in great abundance about Aleppo, 55.
Used for food by the christians, 56.
Some tree-frogs, 63.
Fruits, various kinds about Aleppo, an account of, 20, 21, 22, 29.
Fuel, at Aleppo, account of, 7.
Funeral rites and service at Aleppo described, 115-119.
Furunculi at Aleppo, frequent, 222.
G.
Games, of what kinds used at Aleppo, 91.
Not practised for money by the Turks, 92.
Gardens about Aleppo, some account of, 9.
Goats, two kinds about Aleppo, 52, 53.
Used chiefly for their milk, 53.
Gonorrhæa, the Turks ignorant of its nature or the cure, 143.
Goose, a distemper at Aleppo described, 140, 141.
Its cure, 141.
Greeks, the most numerous sect of christians at Aleppo, 77.
Some account of their manner of living, 123.
Of their lent or fast-days, ibid.
Greyhounds about Aleppo described, 61.
Gypsum, in small quantities produced in Syria, 49.
Its use, ibid.
H.
Haleb. See Aleppo.
Hara and Harem among the Turks, what, 114, 115.
Hares in great plenty about Aleppo, 55.
A particular method of dressing them by the Arabs, ibid.
Hares caught by the hawks frequently there, 67.
Hattat, a composition used by the natives for dying some parts of their bodies, 102.
Its composition, ibid.
Hawking, in great repute among the people of fashion at Aleppo, 67.
Several kinds of described, ibid. 68.
Hemp, how used by the Turks for intoxicating, 83.
Its effects, how stopped, ibid.
Henna, how used by the Turks in dying their hands and feet, 103, 104.
Herbs-pot, and other kinds about Aleppo, an account of at different seasons in the gardens, 23-26;
and in the fields, 27.
Hogs, wild, a rarity at Aleppo, 55.
Horses, different kinds about Aleppo, some account of, 58.
Hospitality, much practised at Aleppo, 119.
Houses. See Buildings.
Hyænas, found in the mountains of Syria, 59.
An account of a dissection of one, ibid.
The story of its imitating the human voice groundless, ibid.
I.
Jackalls in great plenty about Aleppo, 60.
Jareed, an offensive weapon among the Turks, and its use described, 89.
Jerboa, a wild beast found in the mountains of Syria, 61.
Jews, number of at Aleppo, 77.
Their manner of living there, 130.
Of treating their poor, 131.
Fasts, ibid.
A particular ceremony of their weddings, 132.
Burying and mourning, ibid.
Suffer greatly by a plague at Aleppo, 192;
and by the small-pox, 194.
Inoculation, not much practised at Aleppo, 194.
Their injudicious manner of performing it, 194, 195.
Insects about Aleppo, some account of, 61, 62, 63.
Ismed, a powder used by the natives for blacking the inside of their eye-lids, 102.
K.
Kata, a remarkable bird very plentiful at Aleppo described, 64, 65.
Kennasy, a kind of food used by the Turks described, 107.
Khans or Caravan Seraijs at Aleppo, an account of, 5.
Kiosks at Aleppo described, 4.
L.
Lapwing, a remarkable kind of, described, 72.
Leban, a favourite dish among the inhabitants of Aleppo, what, 54.
Lents, various, of the different sects of christians at Aleppo, 123, 124.
Letters or Papers, the manner of smoaking them to prevent communicating infection, 257.
Lime-stone in plenty near Aleppo, 49.
Lizards in great abundance in Syria, 63.
Locks made of wood at Aleppo, 6.
Locusts, in vast numbers, do great mischief in Syria, 62.
Are used for food by the Arabs, ibid.
M.
Mahommedans, their number at Aleppo, 77.
Their supposed superiority over all other professions, 79.
Mal d’Aleppo, what, 142, 262, 263, 264.
Dogs and cats subject to it, 264.
Cure, 264, 265.
Market-places at Aleppo described, 5, 6.
Maronites, their Lent and fast-days at Aleppo, 123.
Marriages very early at Aleppo, 78.
How brought about among the Turks, 111.
Ceremonies of, 112, 113.
A Maronite wedding described, 125-129.
Measles, Sydenham’s description and method of cure the best, 211.
The bad practice at Aleppo in this disease, ibid.
Metals, none found in Syria, 47.
Milk, how supplied at Aleppo, 53.
Generally very bad, ibid.
Mosques at Aleppo, some account of, 5.
Mourning not worn at Aleppo, 118.
Muftee, his account of the Mahommedan faith, 119.
Music, and Musical Instruments of various kinds used at Aleppo, described, 93-96.
Mystus, two species of fishes under that name described, 76, 77.
N.
Nitrous medicines, their use in the plague, 245.
O.
Oil of several kinds plentifully produced in Syria, 18, 19.
The bad consequence of eating too plentifully of it, 141.
Ophthalmia very common at Aleppo, and why, 137.
A particular kind of it described, 222.
Opium not so generally used by the Turks as is reported, 83.
Different methods of using it, 83, 84.
Its effects, 84.
Orontes, the most considerable river in Syria, described, 11.
Ounce, a wild beast, found on the mountains of Syria, 61.
P.
Phthisis, air of Aleppo bad for it, 143.
Physic, and Physicians, very imperfect among the Turks, 97, 98.
Their practice trifling, 99, 100.
Pigeons, several kinds about Aleppo, account of, 65, 66.
Some employed as carriers, how trained, 66.
Pipes for smoaking tobacco, different sorts of the Turks and Persians described, 82, 83.
Plague brought to Aleppo, 192.
Its symptoms, ibid.
and method of cure, 192, 193.
Another plague, and its progress, 197, 198, 199.
Another, 201, 202.
From whence commonly brought, and which the worst, 225.
Intervals, 225, 226.
Progress, 226.
Its force in different seasons, 226, 227.
Not so violent as in Europe, 227.
Its violence checked by heat, 227, 228.
Not influenced by the moon, 228.
Relapse of the distemper frequent, ibid.
The cause of numerous and terrible distresses, 228, 229.
Symptoms various in different, and sometimes in the same persons, 229.
Its general appearance and symptoms, 229-234.
Crisis, 234.
Uncertain prognostics, 235.
Other symptoms, 235-240.
Different opinions about the method of cure, whence, 240.
The manner of treating it, 242.
That which was most successful, 242-250.
Method used by the Europeans for their preservation from it, 250-255.
Manner of shutting up, 255-258.
Precautions after it, 259.
Sudden both in its increase and decrease, 259.
Rules to be observed by those who are among the infected, 260, 261.
Plants, a great variety of, produced about Aleppo at different seasons, some account of them, 30-46.
Pleurisies frequent at Aleppo, 196.
Concomitant symptoms, and method of cure, 196, 203.
Ploughs and Ploughing about Aleppo described, 16.
Porcupines, a few about Aleppo, 55.
Are sometimes ate by the Europeans, ibid.
Pox, Small, of different kinds at Aleppo, 193.
Several of their symptoms, 193, 194.
Method of cure, 194, 204, 205, 206.
Prayers, stated times of, among the Turks, 107.
These very exactly observed by them, 119.
Purging, its use in the plague, 242, 243.
Pulse, its state in the plague, 230, 231.
Q.
Quinsies, inflammatory, frequent at Aleppo, 191, 203.
R.
Rabbits, some tame ones kept at Aleppo, 55.
Ramadan, a moveable feast among the Turks, an account of, and how kept, 108.
Reptiles, account of several about Aleppo, 61, 62.
Rheumatisms frequent at Aleppo, 196.
Concomitant symptoms, and method of cure, ibid.
Rotoloe, a Turkish weight, what, 56.
S.
Salt, valley of, described, 49, 50.
Scorpion, and Scolopendra, frequent about Aleppo, 62.
Their sting not mortal, ibid.
Seasons at Aleppo described, 12-16.
Sefy, a large falcon for hawking, described, 67.
Serpents of various kinds abound about Aleppo, 61.
Shaheen, a remarkable small falcon used in hawking, 68.
How they catch the largest eagles, ibid.
Sheeb, among the Turks, what, 114.
Sheep, different sorts about Aleppo, account of, 51.
One kind with a remarkable large tail described, 51, 52.
Skin of this tail used medicinally, ibid.
Sheera. See Hemp.
Shooting, as a sport, rarely used at Aleppo, 67.
Shutting-up, a preservative from the plague, 252.
How practised at Aleppo, 255.
Silk-worms not much cultivated near Aleppo, 62.
Simack il inglese, a remarkable kind of fish, described, 75, 76.
Slaves, well used at Aleppo, 113.
Smoaking tobacco, several methods used by the Turks and Persians, 82, 83.
Snakes, large, white, inoffensive snakes found in the houses about Aleppo, 62.
Soil about Aleppo described, 15, 47, 48.
Sweating, a critical symptom in the plague, 243, 247.
Syria, a general view of that country, 10, 11.
Syrians, their Lent and fast-days at Aleppo, 123.
T.
Thirst, sometimes violent in the plague, 236.
Toads, very rare about Aleppo, 63.
Tobacco, cultivated in Syria, 17.
A pipe of tobacco part of the entertainment of a visit, 81.
Is smoaked to excess by most people at Aleppo, 82.
Different ways of smoaking it, 82, 83.
Tongue, its state in the plague, 235, 236.
Trees, several kinds of, about Aleppo, 22, 23.
Turkman camel described, 56.
Turks, number of, at Aleppo, 77.
Their manner of living, 105-109.
Courtships and marriages, 111, 112, 113.
Slaves, 113.
Women, how treated, 113, 114, 115.
Funerals, funeral-service, and mourning, 115-118.
Religion, and remarkable hospitality and charity to the poor, 119.
Turtle-land abound about Aleppo, 55.
Used for food, 55, 56.
Tygers found on the mountains of Syria, 61.
V, U.
Visits, ceremonies and entertainments of, at Aleppo, 81.
Vomiting a symptom of the plague, 236.
Advantages of it in that distemper, 242, 245.
Urine, its appearance in the plague, 236.
W.
Water plentiful at Aleppo, 7.
Weather at Aleppo, general observations on it, 145, 146, 147.
Usual through the different months of the year, 148-157.
During the years 1742 to 1747 inclusive, 158-166.
A more particular journal of the weather for the years 1752 and 1753, 167-189.
The method and instruments used in keeping it, 146, 147, 167, 168.
Winds at Aleppo, account of, 14, 15.
Wines, and Vineyards about Aleppo, some account of, 19, 20.
Winter, at Aleppo, short and moderate, 12.
Wolves are of a smaller kind than those in Europe, 60.
Women at Aleppo described, 78, 79.
Their early marriages, 78.
Easy labours in childbed, 79.
Of all conditions suckle their own children, ibid.
Their manner of using the bagnio, 87, 88.
Method of travelling, 89.
Few except prostitutes paint, 102.
Black the inside of their eye-lid, 102, 103.
Dye their feet and hands with henna, 103.
Wear a ring through their nostril, 104.
Other ornaments, ibid.
Are kept much at home, 113.
On what occasion suffered to go abroad, 113, 114.
Mourning for the dead, 115, 118.
Attend their husbands as servants at table, 129.
Appear veiled before strangers, 130.
Wrestlers, employed to perform at Turkish entertainments, 92.
Z.
Zanous, a small falcon used in hawking, 68.