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An account of the manners and customs of the modern Egyptians cover

An account of the manners and customs of the modern Egyptians

Chapter 54: INDEX.
By Edward William Lane
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About This Book

A thorough, observational portrait of Egyptian daily life and institutions, presenting detailed descriptions of social customs, family and domestic arrangements, religious practices, legal norms, dress, trades, festivals, and regional contrasts. The narrative combines first‑hand reportage with explanatory notes and illustrations to clarify language, rituals, and material culture, and arranges content thematically to guide readers through private and public spheres, gender roles, popular beliefs, and everyday routines.

INDEX.

  • Eating, manner and etiquette of, 129.
  • Ebed, 62, 441.
  • Ebeeb, 200.
  • ’Eddeh, 87.
  • Education of boys, 42, 48;
    • of females, 51;
    • higher branches of, 191.
  • ’Eed (El-) el-Kebeer, 80, 451;
  • ’Eeds of the Copts, 449, 507.
  • Eemán, 52.
  • ’Eesa. See Jesus Christ.
  • ’Eesáweeyeh darweeshes, 424.
  • Eezár, 39.
  • Efendee, 128.
  • ’Efreets, 204, 207.
  • ’Eggeh, 320.
  • ’Egl El-’Azab, 225.
  • Egypt, its physical character, 1, 20;
    • its population, 19.
  • Egyptians. See Muslim Egyptians, and Copts.
  • Ehrám, 80.
  • Eiyám en-Nesee, 200.
  • ’Ekd, 525, 531.
  • Elijah, allusions to, 211.
  • Embroidery, 172.
  • Emeer (El-), el-Hágg, 403, 449;
    • el-Kebeer, anecdote of, 194.
  • ’Enáneeyeh darweeshes, 221.
  • ’Enebeh, 521.
  • Envious disposition of the Egyptians, 282.
  • Epileptic fits induced by religious excitement, 415.
  • ’Eree, 26, 140.
  • ’Erk-soos, 297.
  • ’Erk-soosee, 297.
  • ’Eshë, 60, 200.
  • Eswed, used to signify dark blue, 252.
  • Eunuchs, 121, 161.
  • Europeans in Egypt. See Franks.
  • Evil eye, and modes of counteracting or preventing its effects, 46, 47, 132.
  • Eyes, modern and ancient modes of ornamenting, with kohl, 30, 31.
  • ’Eyn, 321.
  • ’Eysh bi-lahm, 434.
  • Ibn el-beled, or Ibn-Masr, 22;
    • Hambal, his scrupulosity, 260.
  • Ibráheem, the patriarch Abraham, 76;
    • Básha, anecdote of, 501;
    • the eyyids, Ed-Dasookee, his moolids, 220.
  • Ibreek, 130, 296.
  • Idiots, respect paid to, 208.
  • Idolaters, law respecting, 81.
  • Ikámeh, 65, 78.
  • ’Ilm en-nugoom, 243;
  • ’Ilwáneeyeh darweeshes, 221.
  • ’Ilwee, 242.
  • Images of things that have life forbidden, 84.
  • Imáms, 70, 84, 192.
  • Imsák, 439, 442.
  • Indolence of the Egyptians, 273.
  • Industry, 285.
  • Infancy, 42.
  • Inheritance, laws of, 90.
  • Ink, 190. See Dawáyeh.
  • Innovations, late, in Egypt, 515.
  • Inquisitiveness of the Egyptians, 187.
  • Inscriptions on doors, etc., 5, 15, 232, 233.
  • Insha, 196.
  • Intrigues of Egyptian women, 275.
  • Irrigation, 300.
  • Irritable disposition of the Egyptians, 284.
  • Ishárah, 409, 422.
  • Islám (El-), 52.
  • Ism el-Aazam (El-), 243.
  • Isma’eel, or Ishmael, according to the Muslims, the son whom Ibráheem, or Abraham, designed to sacrifice, 80.
  • Isráfeel, 55.
  • Istikhárah, 240.
  • Oath in law courts, 102;
  • Obstinacy of the Egyptians, 273.
  • ’Okoos, 532.;
  • Omens. See Auguration.
  • ’Ood (or pipe), 122;
    • (or lute), 330;
    • es-saleeb, 524.
  • Oola, 61, 441.
  • Ophthalmia, 2, 3, 139;
    • charms for the cure of, 236.
  • Opium, use of, 82, 306.
  • ’Orbán, 22.
  • Ornaments, female, 519.
  • ’Osmánlees, or Turks, their number in Egypt, 19.
  • Owlád-Masr, or Owlád-el-beled, 22;
    • ’Enán, darweeshes so called, 221;
    • ’Ilwán, darweeshes so called, 221, 447;
    • Nooh, darweeshes so called, 223.
  • ’Oyoon, 40.
  • Painters and sculptors of living beings, their future punishment, 84.
  • Paintings on the walls of rooms, etc., 14, 286.
  • Palm-trees, tax on, 117, 119.
  • Panel-work, 11.
  • Paradise. See Genneh.
  • Párah, 534.
  • Parents, respect to, 45, 272.
  • Pavements, ornamental, 9.
  • Peasantry. See Felláhs.
  • Perfumes, 126, 171, 184.
  • Piaster of Egypt, 535.
  • Pictures of living beings forbidden, 34.
  • Pigeon-houses, 17.
  • Piláv, 134.
  • Pilgrimage of the Muslims, 56, 79;
  • Pilgrims, return of the, 399;
    • mode of ornamenting the doors of their houses, 403;
    • Turkish, their arrival in Egypt, on their way to Mekkeh, 430;
    • procession of their officers and escort, with the Mahmal, departing for Mekkeh, 448;
    • their journey, 450.
  • Pipe, 26, 122;
    • different names and kinds of, 122.
  • Plague, 171;
    • its ravages in 1835, 3, 4.
  • Police of Cairo, 107.
  • Pollution, scrupulosity of the Egyptians respecting, 270, 473.
  • Polygamy, 84, 121, 163, 165;
    • influence of, 84;
    • limited by Mohammad, 85.
  • Population of Egypt, its present amount, 18;
    • in ancient times, 19;
    • late decrease of, 18.
  • Population of Cairo, 4, 19.
  • Pottery employed in the construction of pigeon-houses, 17.
  • Prayer of Muslims, 56, 59, 108, 121, 138, 139, 299;
    • times of, 60, 200;
    • calls to, 60, 343;
    • postures and form of, 63;
    • of the night of the Middle of Shaabán, 435;
    • over the dead, 481.
  • Prayers of Friday, 67, 71, 72;
    • the marriage night, 154, 156;
    • at the tombs of saints, 217, 398;
    • of Ramádan, 439;
    • of the two grand festivals, 442, 451;
    • on other occasions, 78.
  • Prayer-carpet. See Seggádeh.
  • Predestination, 56, 436;
    • its influence upon the character of the Muslims, 266.
  • Presents given on occasions of private festivities, etc., 148, 152, 156, 158, 185, 464, 468, 472;
  • Prices of articles of food, etc., in Cairo, 290.
  • Printing, scruples of the Muslims respecting, 260.
  • Printing Office at Boolák, 201, 516.
  • Professors. See Azhar.
  • Prophets and apostles, 53.
  • Prostitutes. See Gházeeyehs, 107.
  • Psylli, 352.
  • Punishments for various offences, 99;
  • Puppets, 359.
  • Purifications. See “Wudoo,” “Tayemmum,” and “Ghusl.”
  • Purse, sum of money so called, 103, 535.
  • Quarters of Cairo, 5, 113.
  • Quatremère, referred to, 495, 507.
  • Raaráa, Eiyoob, 452.
  • Raba, 17.
  • Rabáb, 332.
  • Rabeea el-Owwal; et-Tánee, 199.
  • Rabtah, 37, 519.
  • Ráhib, 494.
  • Rahmánee, 242.
  • Ramadán, 79, 206, 436.
  • Rasools of the Kádee, 101.
  • Ratl, 534.
  • Ráyeh, 455.
  • Reciters of Romances, 333, 359, 367-380.
  • Reesheh, 522.
  • Reffa, 294.
  • Regeb, 199.
  • Regm, 205.
  • Rei (water-skins), 295;
  • Rek’ah, 63.
  • Reland referred to, 48, 56, 59.
  • Religion of the Muslims, 52;
    • present state of the, 262.
  • Religious education of the Muslim Egyptians, 48, 51;
    • character of the same, 255.
  • Remedies for diseases, etc., charms used as, 233, 399.
  • Retaliation for wounds and mutilations, 94.
  • Revelations, successive, 53.
  • Rifá’eeyeh darweeshes, or Rifá’ees, 221, 352, 447.
  • Rikk, 331.
  • Riwáks. See Azhar.
  • Riyál, sum of money so called, 535;
    • Faránsa, 535.
  • Rope dancers, 356.
  • Rosary. See Sebhah.
  • Róshan, 6.
  • Ruba, 533;
    • Fenduklee, 528.
  • Ruzz mufelfel, 134.
  • Saad and Harám, 178.
  • Saadeeyeh darweeshes, or Saadees, 220, 222, 352, 416, 419, 450;
    • (a coin), 535.
  • Sabáheeyeh, 158.
  • Sabbágh, 294.
  • Sabbath of the Muslims. See Friday, and Gum’ah.
  • Sacrifice performed by the pilgrims, 80;
    • performed by others on the same day, 80, 81, 451;
    • at the tombs of saints, 44, 219;
    • on the burial of the dead, 479, 485;
    • at a Coptic marriage, 504;
    • by the Copts at the tombs of their relations, 507.
  • Sacy, De, 83, 188, 304, 306, 379.
  • Sadakah, 78.
  • Sadr, 183.
  • Sa’eed, 52.
  • Safa, 37, 528.
  • Safar, 198.
  • Ságát, 334.
  • Sáheb seggádeh, 221.
  • Sahhár, 246.
  • Sahlab, 298.
  • Sahoor, 439, 440.
  • Sáïgh, 293.
  • Saints, Muslim, 208, 432, 433;
    • respect paid to, 98, 208, 216;
    • regarded and invoked as intercessors, 78, 217;
    • tombs and cenotaphs of, 216, 220;
    • the visits to these, 217;
    • the prayers, sacrifices, votive offerings, and other ceremonies performed on such visits, 44, 217, 296, 398.
    • See also Moolids, and Miracles.
  • Sáïs, 121, 140.
  • Sakkas, 121, 295.
  • Sakka sharbeh, 295;
    • el-’ashr, 393.
  • Sakeefeh, 517.
  • Sákiyeh, 301, 524.
  • Salah, 59, 155.
  • Sale referred to, or quoted, 53, 69, 91, 95, 442;
    • his translation of the Kur-án, 53.
  • Saleeb, festival of the, 462.
  • Salk, 157.
  • Saltah, 36.
  • Salubrity of Egypt, 2.
  • Salutations, 179.
  • Samoom, 2.
  • Sáneeyeh. See Seeneeyeh.
  • Santeer, 332.
  • Sáree, 408.
  • Sarráf, 515.
  • Sarrág báshee, 461.
  • Satreng, 315.
  • Schools of the Muslims, 48, 119;
    • Copts, 495;
    • for needle-work, 51.
  • Schoolmasters, 49, 56, 192.
  • Sciences, 191.
  • Scorpions, feats performed with, 222, 419.
  • Scripture, references to the following texts of:—
    • Gen. xvi. 4, 167;
      • xxiii. 11, 293;
      • xxiv., 143;
      • ibid. 47, 531;
      • ibid. 65, 39;
      • xxix. 26, 144;
      • ibid. 27, 466;
      • xli. 42, 26;
      • l. 3, 488.
    • Exod. i. 16, 466;
      • iii. 5, 10;
      • xxii. 26 and 27, 141;
      • xxxix. 30, 26.
    • Lev. xi. 9-12, 83;
      • ibid. 22, 172;
      • xii. 2-5, 468;
      • xix. 32, 272;
      • xx. 10, 95;
      • ibid. 13-15, 96.
    • Num. xi. 5, 174.
    • Deut. xix. 15, 102;
      • xxi. 17, 90;
      • xxiv. 1, 87.
    • Josh. v. 15, 10.
    • Judg. xiv. 12, 466.
    • Ruth ii. 14, 133.
    • 2 Sam. x. 4, 23.
    • 1 Kings xviii. 12, 212.
    • 2 Kings ii. 9-16, 212;
      • ix. 30, 31;
      • xvii. 4-6, 212.
    • 2 Chron. xxxv. 25, 474.
    • Ps. lviii. 4 and 5, 352.
    • Eccles. x. 11, 352.
    • S. Song, passim, 412.
    • Isa. iii. 16, 529, 532;
      • ibid. 21, 531;
      • ibid. 23, 39;
      • xlix. 22, 44.
    • Jer. viii. 17, 352;
      • ix. 17, 474;
      • xxii. 14, 11;
      • xxxvii. 21, 291.
    • Ezek. ix. 2, 3, and 11, 26;
      • xvi. 12, 531;
      • xxiii. 40, 31.
    • Matt. ix. 23, 474;
      • xiv. 6 and 7, 349;
      • xxiii. 29, 220;
      • xxvi. 23, 133.
    • Mark vi. 22 and 23, 349;
    • John iii. 33, 26;
      • vii. 15, 436;
      • viii. 4 and 5, 95;
      • xiii. 26, 133.
    • Acts xv. 20 and 29, 501.
    • 1 Cor. xi. 10, 39.
    • Eph. v. 19, 465.
    • Rev., passim, 55.
  • Scriptures, Jewish and Christian, held, by the Muslims, to be almost totally corrupted, 54.
  • Sculptors. See Painters.
  • Seal-rings, 26.
  • Sebeels, or public fountains, 48, 119, 263.
  • Sebhah, 67, 403;
    • ceremony of the, 486.
  • Sebleh, 37.
  • Sebt en-Noor, 452, 500.
  • Sects of Muslims, four great, 52, 106.
  • Seega, 318, 320.
  • Seemiya, 242, 243.
  • Seeneeyeh, or sáneeyeh, 130.
  • Seeret Aboo-Zeyd, etc. See Aboo-Zeyd, Ez-Záhir, ’Antar, and Delhem’eh.
  • Seewán, 408.
  • Seggádeh, 59, 127, 173, 221, 289.
  • Sehr, 243.
  • Sekeeneh, the seyyideh, 217.
  • Selám to the Prophet, 71, 72, 441.
  • Selámát, 181.
  • Sensuality of the Egyptians, 274.
  • Sermon in a mosque, 73.
  • Serpents, eating of, 220, 222, 419.
  • Serpent-charmers, 222, 352.
  • Servants, 23, 113, 121, 140, 182, 183, 443;
  • Seven Sleepers, virtues of the names of the, 228.
  • Seyf Zu-l-Yezen, romance of, 381.
  • Seyfee, 301.
  • Seyrefee, 245.
  • Seyyib, 146.
  • Seyyid, or Seyd, 120;
    • Ahmad El-Bedawee. See Ahmad; and for other seyyids, see their proper names.
  • Seyyideh Zeyneb. See Zeyneb; and for other seyyidehs, see their proper names.
  • Seyyidna, 53.
  • Shaaban, 199;
    • Leylet en-Nusf min, 435.
  • Shaaráweeyeh darweeshes, 222.
  • Shádoof, 300.
  • Sha’eer, 525.
  • Sha’eereeyeh, 358.
  • Shá’ers, 333, 360.
  • Sháfe’ee, the Imam Esh-, his tomb, 217, 218;
    • his Moolid, 434.
  • Sháfe’ees, 52, 106.
  • Sháhad, use of this word, 272.
  • Sháh-bandar, 100.
  • Shahháteh, 237.
  • Sháhids of the Kádee’s court, 102;
    • of biers, and of tombs, 480, 484.
  • Sháleesh, 433.
  • Shara Allah, 164.
  • Sharákee, 301.
  • Sharbát, 137.
  • Sharbetlee, 294, 297.
  • Sháteh, 521.
  • Shaving the head, etc., 23, 44.
  • Shawáteh, 521.
  • Sháweesh, el-Hágg, 399.
  • Sházilees, 224.
  • Shealeg’ee, and Shealeh, 108.
  • Shedd el-weled, 473.
  • Sheddeh benád’kah, 530.
  • Sheeh, 231.
  • Sheehah, 380.
  • Sheera, 306.
  • Sheesheh, 124.
  • Shemm en-Neseem, 452, 453.
  • Shemmás, 494.
  • Shems el-Kebeereh (Esh-), 220.
  • Sherbet, 137;
  • Shereefs, 25, 120, 128, 221.
  • Sheykh, 29, 48, 120, 128, 209;
    • former and present condition of a literary, 193;
    • of each of the four great sects, 106;
    • el-Hárah, 113;
    • et-Tumn, 113;
    • of a trade or manufacture, 113;
    • of servants, 113;
    • of thieves, 113;
    • el-Beled, 114;
    • el-Bekree, 221;
    • es-Sádát, 221;
    • of darweeshes, 221, 223.
  • Sheytánee, 242.
  • Shibr, 533.
  • Shibreeyeh, 402.
  • Shibuk, 122.
  • Shibukshee, 294.
  • Shiftish’eh, 509.
  • Shiháb, 204.
  • Shinnáweeyeh darweeshes, 222.
  • Shintiyán, 35.
  • Shitawee, 301.
  • Shiya’ees, 52.
  • Shóbash, 464.
  • Shoes taken off before entering a mosque, or stepping on a mat or carpet, etc., 10, 71, 292.
  • Shoosheh, 24.
  • Shops, 290, 291, 517.
  • Showwál, 199.
  • Shureyk, 443.
  • Sidr, 435, 475.
  • Silk clothing forbidden to men, 24.
  • Silver. See Gold.
  • Siráfeh, 469.
  • Sirát (Es-), 54.
  • Sitt, 120.
  • Slaughtering of animals for food, how performed, 83.
  • Slaves, 19, 85, 88, 121, 141, 160, 161, 168, 177;
  • Slave-traders. See Gellábs.
  • Sleeping, 139.
  • Smoking, 121, 123, 171, 175.
  • Sneezing, custom observed on, 186.
  • Social usages, 179.
  • Soil of Egypt, 286, 300;
    • produce of the, 20, 301;
    • insufficient cultivation of the, 19, 20.
  • Sóms, or fasts, of the Copts, 499.
  • Songs, 257, 336;
    • at zikrs, 411.
  • Soobiya, 298.
  • Sooks, 291, 293, 517.
  • Soul, state of the, between death and the judgment, 485, 486.
  • Star, falling or shooting, superstition respecting, 204.
  • Strabo referred to, 48.
  • Strangled animals, their flesh unlawful as food to the Muslims, 82;
    • and to the Copts, 501.
  • Streets of Cairo, 4, 291, 517.
  • Students. See Azhar.
  • Subh, 60.
  • Subooa after a birth, 362, 466, 467;
    • after a marriage, 466;
    • after return from pilgrimage, 403.
  • Sudeyree, 24.
  • Suffeh, 10.
  • Suflee, 242.
  • Sufrah, 130.
  • Suleymán, preadamite kings so named, 204;
    • A’gha, Silahdár, anecdote of, 114.
  • Sultán, a title given to some eminent saints, 399.
  • Sunnees, 52.
  • Sunneh, 60, 84.
  • Superstitions, 194, 202, 226, 453, 467, 471.
  • Surgery, 198.
  • Surnames, 43, 115.
  • Swearing by God, the Prophet, etc., 23, 37, 102, 256, 283.
  • Swine’s flesh forbidden to the Muslim, 82;
    • not eaten by the Copts, 501.
  • Sword used by the Khateeb on Friday, and why, 72, 73.
  • Syrians in Egypt, their number, 19.
  • Táb, game of, 317.
  • Tabbákh, 94.
  • Tabls, 333.
  • Tablat el-musahhir, 440.
  • Táboot, 216, 301.
  • Tafaddal, 131.
  • Tágir, 293.
  • Tá-Há, a name of the Arabian Prophet, 387.
  • Tákeeyeh, 25.
  • Takhtabósh, 11.
  • Takht’rawán, 402.
  • Talák reg’ee, 87.
  • Talkeen of the dead, 484.
  • Tamboor, 332.
  • Tár, 173, 334, 474.
  • Taráweeh prayers, 439.
  • Tarboosh, 25, 289.
  • Tareekah, 209.
  • Tarhah, 37, 39.
  • Tarkeebeh, 216, 484.
  • Tarskháneh, 100.
  • Tartoor, 223.
  • Tattooing, 24, 33, 491.
  • Táwulah, 315.
  • Taxes, 117, 119, 501.
  • Tayemmum, 59.
  • Tebweez, 316.
  • Teeb. See Táb.
  • Teen meblool, 297.
  • Teiyibeen, 181, 183.
  • Tekbeer, 63, 482.
  • Tekleel, 504.
  • Tekyees, 301.
  • Temperance of the Egyptians, 269.
  • Temperature of the climate of Egypt, 2.
  • Tesbeel, 297.
  • Testimony. See Witnesses.
  • Teymeeneh, 181.
  • Tezyeereh, 37.
  • Theatrical performances in London, described by an Algerine, 206.
  • Theft, laws respecting, 94.
  • Thieves, 113.
  • Thousand and One Nights referred to, 109, 136, 203, 275, 303, 413;
    • recitations of the, 381.
  • Tikkeh. See Dikkeh.
  • Tirmis, 94.
  • Tób, 37, 41.
  • Tobacco, 124, 175, 303;
    • disallowed by some Muslims, 82, 98;
    • when first introduced into the East, 303.
  • Tók, 531.
  • Tombs, 162, 443, 451, 483, 488.
  • Toobeh, 200.
  • Toot, 199.
  • Tooth-ache prevalent in Egypt, 23.
  • Trades, 293;
    • sheykhs of, 113;
    • customs on admission into, 472.
  • Tradesmen, 138, 292.
  • Traditions of the Prophet, 84.
  • Treasure, custom of hiding, 16, 282.
  • Tribes of Egyptian peasantry, 22, 178.
  • Tufeylees, 268.
  • Tukeyseh, 335.
  • Tumbák, 124.
  • Turban, 25, 28, 29;
    • different colours of, distinguishing different classes, 28, 491, 493, 509, 510, 512;
    • green, when first assumed by shereefs as distinctive of their race, 28;
    • black and blue, when first worn by Christians, 509;
    • of the ’Ulama, 28;
    • much respected, 28;
    • ladies’, 37.
  • Tureiya, 148.
  • Turks. See ’Osmánlees.
  • Tyranny of officers of the government, 111, 112, 114, 115.
  • Ukeeyeh, 534.
  • Ukkah, 534.
  • ’Ulama, 28, 106, 192, 196;
    • bribed in law proceedings, 104.
  • Unbelievers, Muslims ordered to wage war with, 81, 255;
    • Muslims in Egypt often taught to hate, 48, 255, 536;
    • general conduct of Muslims to, 99, 255.
  • Urquhart, Mr., referred to, 45, 81, 95, 140.
  • Uskuf, 493.
  • Usury forbidden, 84.
  • Yaakoobes, or Ya’ákibeh, 491.
  • Yahood, 512.
  • Yakhnee, 133.
  • Yá Sátir, 162.
  • Yá-Seen, a name of the Arabian Prophet, 387.
  • Yawning, custom observed on, 186, 187.
  • Year, Mohammadan, 198;
  • Yelek, 35.
  • Yemeneeyeh, 476.