INDEX.
Abayi, principal of Pumbeditha, 583–5.
Abba-Areka. See Rab.
Abbahu, 531–43.
character, 540 f.
learning, 537–9.
favors study of Agada, 540, 543.
polemics against Christianity, 540 f.
Ab-bet-din, 404.
Abtalion, 71.
Acher (Elisha ben Abuya), apostasy, 358, 377.
malice against the Jews, 425 f.
relation to Meïr, 437.
Adam, book of, 462.
Adiabene, princes of, converted to Judaism, 216 ff.
help the Judæans in the revolution, 264.
resist Trajan, 393 f.
Administration of justice, reform of, 50.
Adoyot == evidence of witnesses, 343.
= older compilation of the Mishna, 460.
Adultery, suspected, ritual of, abolished, 238.
Aelia Capitolina == Jerusalem, 421.
Agada (Hagadah), favorite study in Judæa, 576, 623.
subject-matter, 328 f.
Agape, 223.
Agrippa I, 174–96.
career in Rome, and character, 175 f.
favorite of Caligula, 176 f., 189.
of Claudius, 190.
fortifies Jerusalem, 195.
liberality to the Greeks, 193 f.
made king, 177, 190.
patriotism, 189, 191, 195.
popularity, 191.
prosperity of his reign, 191 f.
reading the Torah in the Temple, 192.
death, 196.
Agrippa II, 235 f.
aids the Roman army, 264.
alleviates the condition of Galilee after the war, 333.
appointed king of Chalcis, 235.
career and character, 235 f.
conduct during the war, 288.
depravity of his house, 236.
fall, 317.
flees from Jerusalem, 258.
hostile to his people, 236.
how treated by Titus, 388.
meets Vespasian, 285.
recommends peace with Rome, 257 f.
sends troops to Jerusalem to preserve peace, 259.
treachery against his people, 302.
Akiba ben Joseph, 342 ff.
classifies the Halachas, 353 f.
combats Gnosticism, 381 f.
disciple of Nachum Gimso, 351 f.
legends about his early life, 351.
martyr, 428.
method and system, 352 f., 441.
new founder of the Oral Law, 354.
part played in the revolt of Bar Cochba, 408 ff.
seven disciples, 429, 433.
Akylas (Aquila), 385 ff.
at the funeral of Gamaliel, 404.
Greek translation of the Bible, 386 f.
Albinus, procurator of Judæa, 248.
Alexander Jannæus, 38–47.
accession to the throne, 39.
campaign in the trans-Jordanic land, 44.
coins, 46.
crucifies 800 Pharisees, 45.
cruelties in Gaza, 41.
death, 47.
desecrates the ceremony of libation, 43.
employs mercenaries, 39.
forces Judaism upon the conquered, 46.
massacres 6000 people in the precincts of the Temple, 43.
Alexander Jannæus, relation to the Pharisees, 39, 42, 44, 47.
revolts against him, 44.
wanting in generalship, 39.
Alexander II, 70–75.
conflict with Hyrcanus II and Pompey, 70–73.
decapitated, 75.
Alexander, son of Herod, executed, 112 f.
Alexander, Alabarch of Alexandria, 175 f., 190.
Alexander Polyhistor, favorable representation of the Jews, 179.
Alexander Severus, conditions after his death, 526 f.
kindly disposed towards Judaism and Christianity, 481 f.
relation to Judah II, 482.
Alexandra, mother of Mariamne, 81, 91 f., 94.
executed, 105.
Alexandria, in Egypt, Jews in, 178 ff.
adopt foreign views and practices, 13 f.
deprived of citizenship, 182.
hostility against them, 178–87.
massacre of Jews, 263.
outrages by Christians against them, 618 f.
play leading role, 12.
restored to their rights by Claudius, 191.
Talmudic schools, 359.
teachers, 329.
Allegorical method of interpretation, 208 ff.
leads to apostasy from Judaism, 209.
Altar, why the use of iron is forbidden in erecting, 329.
Ambivius, Marcus, procurator of Judæa, 135.
Ambrosius, fanaticism against the Jews, 613 f.
Amemar, principal of Nahardea, 606.
Ammonites, discussion about their admission into the Jewish community, 343, 383 f.
Amoraim, the first, 479 ff.
the last, 630 f.
method, 490.
in Palestine, 531 ff.
Anan, high priest, 172.
attempts to revive Sadducæism, 248.
executed by the Zealots, 296.
Anan, his family, 237.
Ananel, chosen high priest by Herod, 90.
Andreias (Lucas), leader of the revolt against Trajan in Cyrene, 395.
Antigonus, son of Aristobulus II, 80–89.
character compared with that of Herod, 84–6.
contest with Herod, 84–8.
decapitated by Mark Antony, 89.
plot against the Idumæans, 80.
proclaimed king, 83.
Antigonus, son of Hyrcanus, murdered, 36 f.
rumors about his death, 38.
Antipas I, son of Herod, appointed successor of his father, 114.
dies in exile, 177.
marries Herodias, wife of his brother Herod, 173.
Antipater, father of Herod, 59–80.
descent, 59.
instigates Hyrcanus II to break the agreement, 59 f.
made governor of Judæa, 67.
poisoned, 80.
Antipater, son of Herod, 112–16.
adopted as royal prince, 112.
character, 173.
conspires against his father, 114.
executed, 116.
Antoninus Pius, Jewish revolt against him, 447.
revokes the decrees of Hadrian against the Jews, 432.
Antony, Mark, assists Herod, 87 f.
defeat of, at Actium, 96.
gives the district of Jericho to Cleopatra, 93.
and Judæan ambassadors against the Idumæans, 81.
Apion, hatred of the Jews, 180, 390.
heads an anti-Judæan embassy to Rome, 186.
Apocalypse (of John), 369.
Apocrypha, and apocryphal additions, 344.
considered by Christians as part of the Bible, 359, 488, 624.
Apollos of Alexandria (Jewish Christian), 231.
Arabia, Jewish fugitives in, 419.
Arcadius, favorable to Jews, 615 f.
Arch of Titus, 314.
Archelaus, son and successor of Herod, 120–8.
bloody inauguration of his reign, 121 f.
character of his reign, 121 f.
Aretas, king of the Nabathæans, interferes between Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II, 59–61.
Aristobulus I, 35–8.
adheres to the Sadducees, 36.
assumes the title of king, 35.
campaign against the Ithuræans and Trachonites, 37.
coins, 35.
death, 38.
forces Judaism upon the conquered heathen, 37.
imprisons his mother and three of his brothers, 36.
preference for Hellenism, unpopular, 36.
Aristobulus II, 56–75.
contest with Hyrcanus II, 57–75.
death, 75.
fight with Pompey, 64 f.
led a captive to Rome, 67–73.
Aristobulus III, appointed high priest by Herod, 91.
assassinated, 92.
Aristobulus, son of Herod and Mariamne, executed, 112 f.
Aristobulus, brother of Herod II, 197.
Aristocracy, Judæan, corruption of, 147.
cowardice and servility, 142, 298.
opposed to war with Rome, 256, 274.
Armenia, Jews in, 591.
Arsaces, dynasty of Parthia, 513, 523.
Artemion, leader of the Jewish revolt against Trajan in Cyprus, 397.
Ascension (of Christ), doctrine of, 539 f.
Ashi, 605–11.
principal of Sora, 605 ff.
redactor of the Talmud, 607–9.
view on the coming of the Messiah, 610 f.
Asia Minor, Talmudic schools in, 358 f.
Assidæans. See Essenes.
Astronomy, 521.
Augustine, hatred of the Jews, 625.
Augustus (Octavianus), 101–3.
death, 135.
extends the territory of Judæa, 103.
Augustus (Octavianus), favors shown to the Jews of Egypt, 102.
to those of Rome, 103.
gracious to Herod, 101, 103.
Baâle Trêsin, 356.
Babylonia, becomes second home of the Jews, 503.
different meanings of the word in Jewish history, 504.
division of the Jewish province in it, 505 ff.
Babylonia, Jews in, 503.
become heads of schools in Judæa, 537.
decline of learning, 626.
effect of the sojourn of the Jews in it on their mind and character, 504.
martyrs, 629.
occupations, 508.
persecutions, 508 f., 591 f., 627–30.
political condition, 508 ff.
progress, 544.
purity of descent, 505.
resist Trajan, 393 f., 397.
study the Law in Judæa, 511 f., 518, 531.
surpass the Jews in Judæa, 503.
Babylonian colony of Jews in Galilee, devoted to the Herodian family, 274.
part played in the war with Rome, 275.
Babylonian prince of captivity. See Princes of Captivity.
Babylonian schools. See Schools.
Babylonian Synhedrion, 143 f.
Bar-Cochba, 409 ff. See Revolt against Hadrian.
Barnabas (apostle), 227.
Barnabas, Jose of Cyprus, 219.
Bassus, procurator of Judæa, 315.
Bath-Kol, 337.
Be-Rab, 514.
Bechirta, 343.
Bekiim, seat of a school, 348.
Bene-Bathyra, chosen president of the Synhedrion by Herod, 90.
in Nisibis, 358.
Bene-Berak, seat of Akiba, 355.
Berachoth, eighteen, introduced by Gamaliel II, 363.
Berenice, daughter of Salome and wife of Aristobulus, 112.
Berenice, sister of Agrippa II, 235 ff.
alleviates the sorrows of the conquered Jews, 332 f.
Berenice, fall, 388.
honored at Athens with a statue, 317.
intercession with Florus, 254.
relation to Vespasian and Titus, 299 f., 317.
Beth-Din, after the fall of Judæa, 325.
Bethar, 416 ff.
Bethshean, conflict between Jews and heathens in, 262 f.
Beth-Shearim, seat of the Synhedrion, 452.
Bible, interpretation of by Christians, 488 f., 499, 501.
knowledge of, among Jews and Christians, 623 ff.
cultivated in Judæa, 623 ff.
neglect of, 536 f.
Birchath ha Minim, 379 f.
Bishops of Rome, 500.
Boëthus and Boëthuseans, 108, 237.
Boraita, 470 f.
Bruria, wife of Meïr, 436.
Burial in Judæa, merits attributed to, 548, 576.
Cæsar and Judæa, 75–77.
benevolence to the Jews, 76.
Cæsarea, affray between Jews and Syrian-Greeks, 246, 252, 262.
founded by Herod, 106 f.
Jews deprived of their civil rights, 247.
Jews join in the races of the stadium, 626.
Cæsarea Philippi, 138.
Caiaphas, Joseph, high priest, 163, 172.
Cainites (Gnostic sect), 375.
Calendar, 362.
of Hillel II, 573 f.
of Mar-Samuel, 521 f., 574.
Caligula demands divine honors, 183, 187.
orders his statue to be put in the Temple of Jerusalem, 188 f.
reason of his hatred of the Jews, 187.
relation to Agrippa I, 176 f.
to Judæa, 174 f.
treatment of a Jewish embassy from Alexandria, 187.
Camith, family of high priests, 237.
Canon of Holy Writings completed, 344.
Cantheras, family of high priests, 237.
Caracalla, tolerable condition of the Jews under rule of, 468 f.
Catholic Church, when created, 500.
Census on Passover in Jerusalem, called the census of crushing, 251.
of Quirinus, 129 ff.
census taken by Rome for taxation, 129, 133.
Chama, principal of Pumbeditha, 594 f.
Chama ben Anilaï, model of Jewish charity, 545 f.
Chanina, deputy of the high priest (Segan ha-Cohanim), 330.
Chanina ben Teradion, 427.
died a martyr under Hadrian, 429.
Chares, leader in the war of revolution at Gamala, 289.
Chasda of Cafri, principal of the school of Babylonia, 552 f.
Chebrim (Guebres), 523.
Chiya, 454 f.
Chiya bar Abba, 536 f.
Chrestus (Christian Apostle), 202, 231.
Christianity and Christians, 141 ff.
ascendancy of, 531, 535.
beginning, 141 ff.
compared with Judaism, 383.
composite nature of its teachings, 373 f.
controversies with Jews, 499 ff., 539 f.
creation of the Catholic Church, 500.
dogmas, 500 f.
fanaticism against Jews, 613, 618 ff.
essence: Essenism intermingled with foreign elements, 142, 170 f., 366.
hatred of Judaism, 562, 625 f.
methods of proselytizing, 562.
peculiarities, 168 f.
persecuted by Diocletian, 533 f., 539.
proselytism, 169, 364, 533.
sectarianism, 365, 373.
separation from Judaism, 431, 563 ff.
split into a Judaic Christian and heathen-Christian sect, 232, 365 ff.
triumph over the Roman empire and paganism, 559 ff.
union with the Roman empire and its results, 566.
Christianity, why it gained converts, 383.
Christianity and Christians, Jewish, attitude towards the Law, 365.
called Ebionites, 168 f., 220.
Nazarenes, 168.
condemned by Samuel Hakaton, 358.
discussed in the Synhedrion of Jabne, 379 f.
divisions, 370.
incursions in Judaism, 378.
measures taken against, 382, 412 f.
not referred to in the Mishna, 476.
persecuted by Hadrian, 430 f.
points of difference from pagan Christianity, 365 ff.
relation to Jews and Judaism, 390, 412.
union with pagan Christians, 431.
Christian emperors, their attitude to Jews and Judaism, 561 ff., 566 ff., 602 f., 612 ff.
Christian school of Alexandria, 488.
Christians in Antioch, honor Jewish institutions, 613 f.
Chrysostom, fanaticism against the Jews, 613 f.
Churches, first, which were built in Galilee, 565.
Chuzpit, public interpreter (Meturgeman) and martyr under Hadrian, 357, 429.
Cicero, hostility against the Jews, 68–70, 179.
Circumcision, prohibited, 422, 424.
Citizenship, Roman, full right of, extended by Caracalla, 468.
Civil war in Judæa, 295.
See also War of Revolution.
Claudius banishes the Jews from Rome, 202.
favorably disposed towards the Jews of the Roman empire, 191.
friendship to Agrippa I, 190.
relation to Judæa, 197.
Clemens, Flavius, convert to Judaism, 387.
executed, 389.
Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, antagonism to Herod, 92, 94.
death, 102.
hostile to the Judæans, 102.
Cleopatra, mother of Ptolemy VIII, relation to Judæa, 10, 40 f.
Clergy, Christian, fanaticism against the Jews, 612 ff.
Coins struck, in honor of Agrippa I, 190, 194.
by Alexander Jannæus, 46.
by Alexander II, 70.
by Antigonus, 83.
by Aristobulus, 35.
by Bar-Cochba, 411.
in honor of Hadrian, commemorating his victory over Bar-Cochba, 419.
by Hadrian, 407.
by Hyrcanus, 12.
Roman, commemorating the overthrow of Judæa, 314.
commemorating Nerva's act of toleration to the Jews, 392.
by Salome Alexandra, 48.
of the war of revolution, 292.
by the Zealots, 268, 269.
Commands, the six hundred and thirteen of the Jewish Law, 499.
Consecration, feast of, celebrated in the Jewish community of Egypt, 6.
Constantine, discriminations against the Jews, 562 ff.
edict of toleration, 561.
forbids the Jews to make converts, 562.
re-enacts the decrees of Hadrian against the Jews, 564.
Constantius, oppresses the Jews, 566 f.
forbids the Jews to make converts and to marry Christian women, 567.
Coponius, first procurator of Judæa, 129, 135.
Council, the Great, when called Synhedrion, 71.
See Synhedrion.
Council of Nice, 563.
incorporates apocryphal books in the Canon, 624.
Crassus plunders the Temple, 74.
Ctesiphon, 506 f.
Cumanus, procurator of Judæa, 241 ff.
Cypros, wife of Agrippa I, 175.