INDEX.
- Acoma visited and described by the Spaniards, 35, 39 (note);
- Adams, John Quincy, defends the right of petition, 248.
- Alamo, The, 243, 246 (note).
- Alaska, settlements in and purchase of, by the United States, 142 (note).
- Aleutian Archipelago discovered, 141;
- Allouez, Fr. Claude, goes to Lake Superior, 77;
- goes with Dablon to the Wisconsin River, 78.
- American Fur Company organized, 212.
- Apaches of New Mexico, 255.
- Arizona, missions in, 38;
- the name, 39 (note).
- Arizona bought of Mexico, 288, 289.
- Arkansas nation, Joliet and Marquette visit them, 89;
- Arkansas Post in 1803, 178.
- Arkansas River, settlement begun on, 127.
- Arkansas Territory settlements (1819), 222, 223 (note).
- Arkansas admitted to the Union, 227.
- Ashburton treaty, 239, 241 (note).
- Astor, John Jacob, plans an establishment on the Columbia, 212.
- Astoria founded, 213;
- sold, 214, 230, 233 (note).
- Atchison, David R., 299 (note).
- Atchison, Kan., founded, 296, 299 (note).
- Austin, Stephen F., goes to Texas, 242.
- Behring, Vitus, sails on a voyage of discovery, 140, 142 (note);
- Bent, Charles, governor of New Mexico, 254.
- Bent's Fort, 241 (note), 254, 256 (note).
- Benton, Thomas H., 227;
- Bienville, 123, 130 (note);
- Bison, The, first mentioned, 36, 39 (note).
- Black Hills located, 185.
- Boone, Daniel, leads emigrants to Kentucky, 165, 211 (note).
- Bonneville, Benjamin L. E., visits Oregon, 232, 233 (note).
- Boundary of the United States, rectified by the war with Mexico, 263.
- Brown, John, in Kansas, 304, 307 (note).
- Butterfield Overland Stage Company, 317, 320 (note).
- Button, Sir Thomas, in Hudson's Bay, 133.
- Cabrillo's voyage, 65 (note).
- Cache-à-la-Poudre River, 238, 241 (note).
- California, the name, 55, 65 (note);
- coast explored, 55-59;
- missions founded, 59-63;
- commercial policy under Spanish rule, 64, 65;
- coveted by the United States, 256;
- why, 257;
- emigration to, 263 (note);
- we fail to buy it, 258;
- or separate it from Mexico, 288;
- England suspected of coveting it, 258;
- the American settlers seize the government, 261;
- the flag raised at Monterey, 261;
- conquered, 262;
- in revolt again, 262;
- subdued, 263;
- Mexico cedes it to the United States, 263;
- gold discovered, 272;
- rush for the mines, 274;
- newspapers of, in 1848, 274, 275 (note);
- effect on the country, 278, 279 (note);
- routes to, 280, 281, 282, 284 (note);
- commerce opened with the interior, 283;
- population in 1849, 284;
- under military government, 285;
- the interregnum, 285;
- miners' courts, 286;
- State government formed, 287;
- struggle in Congress, 287;
- admitted to the Union a free State, 287;
- Pacific Railroad in, 318, 320 (note).
- Calumet, The, 89;
- virtue of, 92 (note).
- Canada, conquest of, 146 (note).
- Cape Flattery named, 144, 146 (note).
- Cape Mendocino, 65 (note).
- Carson, Christopher, 234;
- stopped by Gen. Kearney, 256, 263 (note).
- Carver, Jonathan, his idea, 149;
- Cenis Indians, 116, 117 (note).
- Champlain, Samuel de, founds Quebec, 69;
- Charles V. (of Spain), events of his reign, 4-8;
- Childs, J. B., on the way to Oregon, 237.
- Chouteau, Peter, 198, 204 (note).
- Cibola, Father Marco goes to, 32, 39 (note).
- Clarke, William, explores Louisiana, 187, 191 (note). See Lewis.
- Clarke's River (Ore.) named, 197.
- Clay, Henry, defeated on the Texas issue (1844), 245.
- Colorado, gold in, 208;
- Colorado River explored, 33;
- the name, 39 (note).
- Colorado Desert crossed, 65.
- Columbia River missed by Cook, 145;
- and Vancouver, 146 (note);
- discovered, 161, 162 (note), 191 (note);
- a bone of contention, 230, 233 (note).
- Columbia, the ship, 160, 161, 162 (note).
- Columbus, Christopher, fails to find the way to India, 3;
- Cook, James, sent to the Pacific, 143, 146 (note);
- Coppermine River explored, 137.
- Coronado, Vasquez de, explores New Mexico, 32, 39 (note).
- Cortez, Hernando, in Mexico, 7;
- reaches the Great South Sea, 7.
- Council Bluffs, visited and named, 188;
- Long winters there, 221.
- Coureurs de Bois, 125, 130 (note).
- Crozat, Anthony, his monopoly, 124, 126.
- Cuba, importance of, to Spanish conquests in America, 4.
- Custer, George A., killed in battle, 325.
- Dablon, Fr. Claude, founds mission at Sault Ste. Marie, 78, 80 (note).
- Dakota, great progress in, 324.
- De Fuca, Juan, discovers Straits of Fuca, 59.
- Dubuque, Julien, in Iowa, 183.
- Denver City founded, 310;
- in 1859, 313, 314 (note).
- Denver, James W., 299 (note), 310.
- De Soto, Hernando, lands in Florida, 11;
- Douglas, Stephen A., author of "Popular Sovereignty," 288.
- Drake, Sir Francis, reaches California, 56;
- El Dorado. The Spaniards seek it in Florida, 14;
- the Indians mislead them, 28 (note).
- El Paso del Norte founded, 37;
- in 1807, 208.
- Elizabeth of England, her character, 147.
- England claims the North-west coast, 146 (note);
- loses her American colonies, 165.
- Falls of St. Anthony named, 107, 109 (note);
- Indian superstition about, 151.
- Fire-worship, 46.
- Florida discovered and named, 6;
- Fontaine qui bouille, 314 (and note).
- Fort Boisé, 233 (note);
- Fremont there, 238, 241 (note);
- made capital of Idaho, 323, 325 (note).
- Fort Chipewyan, 138, 139 (note).
- Fort Crèvecœur, 101, 104 (note).
- Fort Hall, 233 (note), 238.
- Fort Kearney, Neb., 294.
- Fort Laramie, 235, 241 (note).
- Fort Leavenworth, 293, 294 (note).
- Fort Prudhomme, 103, 104 (note).
- Fort Riley, Kan., 293.
- Fort Scott, Kan., 294.
- Fort Smith, 223 (note).
- Fort Walla Walla, 238.
- France contends with Spain for dominion, and is defeated, 6;
- cedes Louisiana to Spain, 163;
- plays her own game, 168 (note);
- attitude hostile toward us, 171;
- sells us Louisiana, 174.
- Free-soil party formed, 290.
- Fremont, J. C., meets Senator Benton, 234;
- sent to explore South Pass, 234;
- ascends Fremont's Peak, 236;
- what he accomplished or recommended, 236;
- corrects the popular error about the Great Desert, 236;
- sent to the Lower Columbia, 237;
- finds a new pass through the Rockies, 238;
- explores Great Salt Lake, 238;
- in California, 256;
- is there again as war is impending, 258;
- ordered out of the country, 259;
- heads the American settlers in a revolt against the Mexican Government, 260.
- Fremont's Peak ascended, 236.
- French Spoliation Fund, its origin, 174.
- Frontenac (Louis de Buade) Comte de, made governor of Canada, 83;
- Garrison, William Lloyd, leads anti-slavery men, 247.
- Gilpin, William, predicts mineral wealth of Rocky Mountains, 308.
- Golden Gate named, 279 (note).
- Gray, Robert, first sails into the Columbia River, 161, 162 (note).
- Great American Desert described by Long, 223;
- Great Salt Lake first mentioned, 35.
- Great Salt Lake explored by Fremont, 238, 241 (note).
- Gregory Diggings, Col., 312.
- Gregory, John H., finds gold on Clear Creek, Col., 312.
- Gulf of California, missions on, 38.
- Gulf of Mexico, early knowledge of, 10, 17 (note);
- coasts described, 114.
- Hearne, Samuel, goes to Coppermine River, 137.
- Hennepin, Fr. Louis, 99;
- Hot Springs of the Washita, 222.
- Houston, Samuel, made president of Texas, 243.
- Hudson, Henry, 132, 135 (note).
- Hudson's Bay explored, 132, 133.
- Hudson's Bay Company formed, 134;
- Humboldt Mountains and River named, 258.
- Hurons, 71, 72;
- Iberville, Le Moyne de, 118, 123 (note);
- Idaho, 323, 325 (note).
- Illinois nation, Joliet and Marquette among, 88.
- Indians of Florida, earliest accounts of them, 20;
- Indians of New Mexico, their houses and villages, 34, 35, 40-43;
- Indians of Great Lakes, Hurons, 71-72;
- Iroquois, 72.
- Indians of California, do honor to Drake, 56;
- Indians of Hudson's Bay, 137.
- Indians of Vancouver Island, 144 (note).
- Indians of North-west Territory, 168.
- Indians of Oregon, 194-196, 197 (note);
- missions among, 233 (note).
- Indians of Kansas, 293.
- Indians of Texas, 242.
- Indians of Great Plains, 186, 221.
- (See also under various tribal names.)
- Iowa admitted to the Union, 248.
- Iroquois, 72;
- Isthmus of Darien crossed by Balboa, 7.
- Jefferson, Thomas, moves to unravel the Mississippi question, 172;
- Jesuit missionaries in Canada, 74, 79 (note).
- Joliet, Louis, sent to find the Mississippi River, with Marquette, 85;
- Kansas explored by Pike, 200.
- Kansas, parties to the struggle over, 290;
- passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, 292;
- described, 292;
- adapted to slave labor, 294;
- first advantages with the party of slavery, 295;
- emigration to, 296;
- first settlements in, 296;
- Free-State settlements, 298, 299 (note);
- Missourians seize Territorial government, 302;
- Topeka Constitution, 302;
- Lawrence besieged, 302;
- Free-State leaders held for treason, 303;
- Lawrence suffers from outrages, 303;
- Free-State legislature dispersed, 303;
- Free-State leaders, 304;
- in a state of anarchy, 305;
- Lecompton Constitution formed, 305;
- defeated, 306;
- ballot-stuffing, 306;
- admitted to the Union, 320.
- Kansas City, beginnings of, 234, 241 (note).
- Kearney, Stephen W., marches to New Mexico, 252;
- takes possession, 254;
- goes on to California, 255, 256 (note);
- beaten at San Pasqual, 263.
- Kendrick, John, sails through the Straits of Fuca, 147 (note), 158.
- Kentucky admitted to the Union, 167.
- Kino, Fr. Eusebius, founds missions, 38.
- La Chine, origin of name, 96, 99 (note).
- Laclede, Pierre, founds St. Louis, 179, 183 (note).
- Lake Michigan, 92 (note).
- Lake Pepin, 107, 109 (note).
- Lake Superior Indians at Quebec, 77.
- Lane, James H., 304, 307 (note).
- La Peyrouse, 64, 66 (note).
- Larkin, Thomas O., 264 (note);
- La Salle, Robert Cavelier de, described, 93, 94;
- goes in search of the Ohio, 97;
- Frontenac his friend, 97;
- plans a colony at mouth of the Mississippi, 98;
- gets a patent from Louis XIV., 98, 99 (note);
- builds a fort and vessel on Niagara River, 99;
- sails for Green Bay, 100;
- starts hence for the Mississippi River, and descends the Illinois, 101;
- winters among the Illinois, 101;
- returns to Frontenac, 101;
- again sets out, 102;
- finds Crèvecœur in ruins and deserted, 102;
- makes a third attempt, 103;
- builds Fort Prudhomme, 103;
- reaches the Gulf and takes possession of Louisiana, 103, 104;
- goes to France, 111;
- sails for the Mississippi River, 112;
- lands on the coast of Texas, 112;
- a chapter of disasters, 113;
- builds Fort St. Louis on Lavaca River, 113;
- sets out for the Mississippi, 115;
- is killed, 117 (and note);
- name honored, 123 (note).
- Law, John, his Mississippi scheme, 126, 130 (note).
- Lawrence, Kan., founded, 298, 299 (note);
- Leavenworth, Kan., founded, 296, 299 (note).
- Lecompton settled, 297, 299 (note);
- pro-slavery party form a State constitution at, 305.
- Ledyard, John, 144, 145;
- Lewis, Meriwether, explores Louisiana, 187, 191 (note);
- Lewis River (Snake River of Oregon), named, 195.
- Little Rock, 223 (note).
- Livingston, Robert R., opens negotiations for the purchase of Louisiana, 173, 175 (note).
- Long, Stephen Harriman, sent to explore the Platte Valley, 219;
- Long's Peak ascended, 222.
- Louis XIV., beginning of his reign, 81;
- its character described, 130 (note).
- Louisiana, the name, 104;
- Louisville founded, 168.
- Mackenzie, Alexander, discovers the Mackenzie River, 138;
- reaches the Pacific, 139.
- Mandan tradition, 39 (note).
- Marco de Niza explores New Mexico, 32, 39 (note).
- Marquette, Fr. James, goes to Lake Superior, 78, 80 (note);
- goes with Joliet to find the Mississippi River (see Joliet).
- Marshall, James W., discovers gold in California, 272.
- Mendoza, Antonio de, sends explorers into New Mexico, 32.
- McCormick, Cyrus H., his reaping-machine, 327.
- Meramec lead-mines, 182.
- Mexico, conquest of, 5;
- an historic initial-point, 7.
- Mexico, war with her, 250 (note);
- it is unpopular in the North, 251 (note);
- peace and its results, 263.
- Minnesota explored by Hennepin, 105-107;
- Mississippi River, The, nearly discovered, 10;
- Mississippi Territory formed, 167.
- Missions in New Mexico, 37;
- Missouri, settlements in, 1819, 219;
- Missouri Compromise, the, 226;
- set aside, 292, 294 (note).
- Missouri River first mentioned, 89, 92 (note);
- its sources unknown, 1783, 162, 168 (note), 185, 191 (note).
- Monroe Doctrine enunciated, 231, 233 (note).
- Montana, 323, 325 (note).
- Monterey visited, 59;
- Montezuma, 48, 52 (note).
- Mormons as soldiers, 253;
- rise of the sect, 268 (note);
- decide to go to Salt Lake, and why, 266;
- their city, 266, 268 (note);
- their growth, 267;
- and creed, 267;
- in California, 273, 275 (note).
- Mormon Diggings, 273, 274, 275 (note).
- Moscoso, Luis de, succeeds De Soto and saves his men, 17 (note), 18.
- Mount St. Elias discovered, 141.
- Natchez Indians, 123, 124.
- Natchez, its importance to Louisiana, 123;
- fort at, 124.
- Natchitoches occupied by French, 124, 130 (note).
- Nebraska, Act forming the Territory, 292;
- not adapted for slave labor, 294;
- Pacific Railroad begun in, 318, 320 (note);
- growth of, 321;
- admitted to the Union, 321, 322 (note).
- New England Emigrant Aid Company, 297, 299 (note).
- New Madrid, 178, 183 (note).
- New Mexico first explored by Marco de Niza and Vasquez de Coronado, 32;
- fallacies concerning it, 30;
- obstacles in the way, 30;
- second exploration, 33;
- third do., 33, 34;
- villages and people described, 34, 35;
- named, 35;
- colonized, 37;
- missions in, 37;
- native insurrection in, 37;
- new invasion, 38;
- native cities described, 40-44;
- in 1807, 205-208;
- its importance to emigration, 251, 252;
- Kearney sent to take it, 252;
- yields without fighting, 254;
- insurrection at Taos, 256 (note);
- ceded to the United States, 263.
- New Orleans founded, 128, 130 (note);
- Nevada, rise of, 321;
- a State, 321, 322 (note).
- Nez Percés mission, 238.
- Niagara River and Falls, 74, 79 (note);
- seized by La Salle, 99, 104 (note).
- Nicolet, Jean, at Green Bay, 75, 79 (note).
- Nootka Sound, 146 (note).
- North-west Company, 183 (note).
- North-west Territory formed and slavery excluded, 165;
- area and population, 166, 168 (note).
- Northern Pacific Railway, 323, 325 (note).
- Nueces River, 249, 251 (note).
- Ohio River a boundary between slave and free States, 165.
- Omaha, 321, 322 (note).
- Ordinance of 1787, 165.
- Oregon, name first mentioned, 152, 153 (note).
- Oregon, first American establishments in, 212, 213;
- rivalries of the fur-traders, 229;
- quarrel with England about boundary, 230;
- public opinion about Oregon, 231;
- various settlements in, 232, 233 (notes);
- effort to keep Americans out of, 239;
- Dr. Whitman's heroic efforts to win Oregon for us, 239;
- Ashburton treaty, 239;
- Willamette Valley being settled, 240;
- admitted to the Union, 307.
- Oregon trail, 229, 233 (note);
- Pacific Ocean, or Great South Sea, reached by Balboa and Cortez, 7.
- Pacific Railroad talked of, 257;
- Pensacola, 119, 123 (note).
- Peter the Great attempts discoveries in the North-West, 140.
- Philip II. (of Spain), last days of, 53, 54;
- his character, 81.
- Pierce, Franklin, elected President, 292, 294 (note).
- Pike, Zebulon M., explores the Arkansas, 198, 204 (note);
- Pike's Peak ascended and named, 202;
- first name for Colorado gold-mines, 309.
- Pimeria, 38, 39 (note).
- Platte River, 185, 191 (note).
- Platte Valley, Long explores it, 219.
- Polk, James K., 246 (and note).
- Ponce de Leon, Juan, discovers Florida, 6.
- Pony express, 316, 320 (note).
- Prairie du Chien, Joliet at, 87;
- Prince Rupert founds Hudson's Bay Company, 134, 135 (note).
- Pursley, James, discovers gold in Colorado, 210.
- Quebec founded, 69;
- taken, 75.
- Robinson, Charles, in Kansas, 299;
- indicted for treason, 302, 307 (note).
- Russian American Company, 142.
- St. Charles (Mo.), 183 (note).
- San Diego visited, 59;
- mission at, 61.
- St. Domingo, 119, 123 (note).
- St. Genevieve, 183 (note).
- San Francisco, mission founded, 61.
- San Francisco in 1849, 282, 284 (note).
- Santa Fé founded, 37;
- Santa Fé Trail, 229, 233 (note).
- San Jacinto, 243, 246 (note).
- St. Lawrence River, route of French discovery and settlement, 68;
- St. Louis, rise of, 179;
- St. Louis of Texas (La Salle's colony), 114, 117 (note).
- St. Paul, 107, 109 (note).
- St. Vrain's Fort, 235, 241 (note).
- Sacramento City founded, 283.
- Salt Lake City laid out, 266, 268 (note).
- Sandwich Islands, discovered, 144;
- named, 146 (note).
- Sault Ste. Marie, possession taken of the Great West by France, 79.
- Scott, Winfield, conquest of Mexico, 263.
- Sitka founded, 142 (note).
- Sioux, first meeting with whites, 77;
- Hennepin among, 106, 107, 109 (note).
- Sioux War (1876), 325.
- Slavery introduced by De Soto into Florida, 13;
- as practised by the Indians, 17 (note);
- African slavery in Louisiana, 127, 130 (note);
- excluded from the North-west Territory, 165;
- admitted to Missouri, 223-227;
- in Texas, 243, 244;
- become a sectional issue, 246;
- party formed to antagonize it, 247;
- petitions against, refused by Congress, 248;
- struggle over the admission of California, 287;
- contest in Kansas, 289.
- Southern Pacific Railway, 65.
- South Pass, Fremont sent to explore it, 234, 241 (note).
- South Sea, The. See Pacific Ocean.
- Spain, mistress of the seas, 2;
- what Columbus did for, 3;
- divides with Portugal dominion in the East and West, 3, 4;
- sends expeditions to Florida and Mexico, 4;
- reign of Charles V., 4-8;
- her invincibility broken, 59, 66 (note);
- gives up Vancouver Island to England, 146 (note);
- claim to north-west coast, 159;
- gets back Louisiana, 163;
- and Florida, 164;
- shuts up New Orleans to our commerce, 172, 175 (notes 2 and 3);
- loses Mexico, 241.
- Steamboat first navigates the Missouri, 219.
- Stockton, Robert F., 261;
- conquers California, 262.
- Stockton, Cal., founded, 283.
- Straits of Fuca discovered, 59;
- explored, 146 (note).
- Sutter's Fort, 256, 263 (note);
- Fremont's headquarters at, 260.
- Taylor, Zachary, commands in Mexico, 250, 263.
- Tennessee admitted to the Union, 167.
- Terra Firma, 9 (note).
- Texas, 118 (note); see also St. Louis of Texas;
- Topeka Constitution, 307 (note).
- Utah, 267, 268 (note).
- Vancouver, George, 146 (note).
- Vizcaino, Sebastian, enters San Diego and Monterey, 59.
- Washington Territory, 323, 325 (note).
- Webster, Daniel, his attitude toward slavery in new States, 291, 294 (note).
- Whitman, Marcus, founds a mission in Oregon, 232, 233 (note), 238;
- his memorable ride to St. Louis, 239.
- Wilkes, Charles, explores north-west coast, 240, 241 (note).
- Willamette Valley settled, 240.
- Wisconsin, first white man in, 75, 79 (note).
- Wisconsin River found to be a tributary of the Mississippi, 78.
- Wyeth, Nathaniel J., in Oregon, 232, 233 (note).
- Wyoming Territory, 324.
- Yellowstone Park, 324.
- Yellowstone River, 185, 191 (note).
- Yerba Buena, 282, 284 (note).
- Young, Brigham, 265.
- Zuñi visited by Spaniards, 35, 39 (note).