INDEX.

• Acoma visited and described by the Spaniards, 35, 39 (note);
  • further description, 42, 43;
  • mission church of, 52.
• Adams, John Quincy, defends the right of petition, 248.
• Alamo, The, 243, 246 (note).
• Alaska, settlements in and purchase of, by the United States, 142 (note).
• Aleutian Archipelago discovered, 141;
  • beginnings of the fur-trade at, 141;
  • settlements, 142 (and note).
• Allouez, Fr. Claude, goes to Lake Superior, 77;
  • goes with Dablon to the Wisconsin River, 78.
• American Fur Company organized, 212.
• Apaches of New Mexico, 255.
• Arizona, missions in, 38;
  • the name, 39 (note).
• Arizona bought of Mexico, 288, 289.
• Arkansas nation, Joliet and Marquette visit them, 89;
  • towns, 90, 92 (note);
  • called "handsome men," 91.
• Arkansas Post in 1803, 178.
• Arkansas River, settlement begun on, 127.
• Arkansas Territory settlements (1819), 222, 223 (note).
• Arkansas admitted to the Union, 227.
• Ashburton treaty, 239, 241 (note).
• Astor, John Jacob, plans an establishment on the Columbia, 212.
• Astoria founded, 213;
  • sold, 214, 230, 233 (note).
• Atchison, David R., 299 (note).
• Atchison, Kan., founded, 296, 299 (note).
• Austin, Stephen F., goes to Texas, 242.
• Behring, Vitus, sails on a voyage of discovery, 140, 142 (note);
  • determines the separation of the continents, 140;
  • death, 141.
• Bent, Charles, governor of New Mexico, 254.
• Bent's Fort, 241 (note), 254, 256 (note).
• Benton, Thomas H., 227;
  • sent to the Senate, 229;
  • identified with the Oregon question, 231;
  • meets Fremont, 234.
• Bienville, 123, 130 (note);
  • made governor, 128;
  • founds New Orleans, 128.
• Bison, The, first mentioned, 36, 39 (note).
• Black Hills located, 185.
• Boone, Daniel, leads emigrants to Kentucky, 165, 211 (note).
• Bonneville, Benjamin L. E., visits Oregon, 232, 233 (note).
• Boundary of the United States, rectified by the war with Mexico, 263.
• Brown, John, in Kansas, 304, 307 (note).
• Butterfield Overland Stage Company, 317, 320 (note).
• Button, Sir Thomas, in Hudson's Bay, 133.
• Cabrillo's voyage, 65 (note).
• Cache-à-la-Poudre River, 238, 241 (note).
• California, the name, 55, 65 (note);
  • coast explored, 55-59;
  • missions founded, 59-63;
  • commercial policy under Spanish rule, 64, 65;
  • coveted by the United States, 256;
  • why, 257;
  • emigration to, 263 (note);
  • we fail to buy it, 258;
  • or separate it from Mexico, 288;
  • England suspected of coveting it, 258;
  • the American settlers seize the government, 261;
  • the flag raised at Monterey, 261;
  • conquered, 262;
  • in revolt again, 262;
  • subdued, 263;
  • Mexico cedes it to the United States, 263;
  • gold discovered, 272;
  • rush for the mines, 274;
  • newspapers of, in 1848, 274, 275 (note);
  • effect on the country, 278, 279 (note);
  • routes to, 280, 281, 282, 284 (note);
  • commerce opened with the interior, 283;
  • population in 1849, 284;
  • under military government, 285;
  • the interregnum, 285;
  • miners' courts, 286;
  • State government formed, 287;
  • struggle in Congress, 287;
  • admitted to the Union a free State, 287;
  • Pacific Railroad in, 318, 320 (note).
• Calumet, The, 89;
  • virtue of, 92 (note).
• Canada, conquest of, 146 (note).
• Cape Flattery named, 144, 146 (note).
• Cape Mendocino, 65 (note).
• Carson, Christopher, 234;
  • stopped by Gen. Kearney, 256, 263 (note).
• Carver, Jonathan, his idea, 149;
  • gets to the Mississippi, 150;
  • ascends the Minnesota, 151;
  • his "Travels," 152.
• Cenis Indians, 116, 117 (note).
• Champlain, Samuel de, founds Quebec, 69;
  • at Montreal, 71;
  • hears about the Great Lakes, 71, 72;
  • a prisoner, 74, 79 (note).
• Charles V. (of Spain), events of his reign, 4-8;
  • last days of, 53, 54;
  • his character, 81.
• Childs, J. B., on the way to Oregon, 237.
• Chouteau, Peter, 198, 204 (note).
• Cibola, Father Marco goes to, 32, 39 (note).
• Clarke, William, explores Louisiana, 187, 191 (note). See Lewis.
• Clarke's River (Ore.) named, 197.
• Clay, Henry, defeated on the Texas issue (1844), 245.
• Colorado, gold in, 208;
  • discoveries on Cherry Creek, 309;
  • Denver City founded, 310;
  • great rush of gold-seekers, 310;
  • stage-route established from the Missouri, 311;
  • discoveries on Clear Creek, 312;
  • Gregory, 312;
  • other settlements, 313;
  • surface diggings give out, 314;
  • but gold quartz struck, 314;
  • a State, 322.
• Colorado River explored, 33;
  • the name, 39 (note).
• Colorado Desert crossed, 65.
• Columbia River missed by Cook, 145;
  • and Vancouver, 146 (note);
  • discovered, 161, 162 (note), 191 (note);
  • a bone of contention, 230, 233 (note).
• Columbia, the ship, 160, 161, 162 (note).
• Columbus, Christopher, fails to find the way to India, 3;
  • result of his discoveries, 3;
  • his death, 4.
• Cook, James, sent to the Pacific, 143, 146 (note);
  • discovers Sandwich Islands, 144;
  • names Cape Flattery and Mount Edgecumbe, 144, 145;
  • tries to sail east to Hudson's Bay, 145;
  • his death, 146.
• Coppermine River explored, 137.
• Coronado, Vasquez de, explores New Mexico, 32, 39 (note).
• Cortez, Hernando, in Mexico, 7;
  • reaches the Great South Sea, 7.
• Council Bluffs, visited and named, 188;
  • Long winters there, 221.
• Coureurs de Bois, 125, 130 (note).
• Crozat, Anthony, his monopoly, 124, 126.
• Cuba, importance of, to Spanish conquests in America, 4.
• Custer, George A., killed in battle, 325.
• Dablon, Fr. Claude, founds mission at Sault Ste. Marie, 78, 80 (note).
• Dakota, great progress in, 324.
• De Fuca, Juan, discovers Straits of Fuca, 59.
• Dubuque, Julien, in Iowa, 183.
• Denver City founded, 310;
  • in 1859, 313, 314 (note).
• Denver, James W., 299 (note), 310.
• De Soto, Hernando, lands in Florida, 11;
  • his army, 11, 12;
  • cruel conduct toward the natives, 13, 14, 22;
  • his wonderful marches, 15, 17 (note);
  • escape of his followers, 16;
  • death and burial, 18;
  • described, 17 (note).
• Douglas, Stephen A., author of "Popular Sovereignty," 288.
• Drake, Sir Francis, reaches California, 56;
  • takes possession, and names it New Albion, 57;
  • his port, 66 (note).
• El Dorado. The Spaniards seek it in Florida, 14;
  • the Indians mislead them, 28 (note).
• El Paso del Norte founded, 37;
  • in 1807, 208.
• Elizabeth of England, her character, 147.
• England claims the North-west coast, 146 (note);
  • loses her American colonies, 165.
• Falls of St. Anthony named, 107, 109 (note);
  • Indian superstition about, 151.
• Fire-worship, 46.
• Florida discovered and named, 6;
  • its extent, 6, 7;
  • initial point, 7, 9 (note);
  • De Soto invades it, 11;
  • Indians of, 20-28;
  • ceded back to Spain, 164.
• Fontaine qui bouille, 314 (and note).
• Fort Boisé, 233 (note);
  • Fremont there, 238, 241 (note);
  • made capital of Idaho, 323, 325 (note).
• Fort Chipewyan, 138, 139 (note).
• Fort Crèvecœur, 101, 104 (note).
• Fort Hall, 233 (note), 238.
• Fort Kearney, Neb., 294.
• Fort Laramie, 235, 241 (note).
• Fort Leavenworth, 293, 294 (note).
• Fort Prudhomme, 103, 104 (note).
• Fort Riley, Kan., 293.
• Fort Scott, Kan., 294.
• Fort Smith, 223 (note).
• Fort Walla Walla, 238.
• France contends with Spain for dominion, and is defeated, 6;
  • cedes Louisiana to Spain, 163;
  • plays her own game, 168 (note);
  • attitude hostile toward us, 171;
  • sells us Louisiana, 174.
• Free-soil party formed, 290.
• Fremont, J. C., meets Senator Benton, 234;
  • sent to explore South Pass, 234;
  • ascends Fremont's Peak, 236;
  • what he accomplished or recommended, 236;
  • corrects the popular error about the Great Desert, 236;
  • sent to the Lower Columbia, 237;
  • finds a new pass through the Rockies, 238;
  • explores Great Salt Lake, 238;
  • in California, 256;
  • is there again as war is impending, 258;
  • ordered out of the country, 259;
  • heads the American settlers in a revolt against the Mexican Government, 260.
• Fremont's Peak ascended, 236.
• French Spoliation Fund, its origin, 174.
• Frontenac (Louis de Buade) Comte de, made governor of Canada, 83;
  • his character, 84;
  • builds a post on Lake Ontario, 97.
• Garrison, William Lloyd, leads anti-slavery men, 247.
• Gilpin, William, predicts mineral wealth of Rocky Mountains, 308.
• Golden Gate named, 279 (note).
• Gray, Robert, first sails into the Columbia River, 161, 162 (note).
• Great American Desert described by Long, 223;
  • its bearing on the Oregon question, 231;
  • Fremont corrects the popular error, 236;
  • its present condition, 325, 329.
• Great Salt Lake first mentioned, 35.
• Great Salt Lake explored by Fremont, 238, 241 (note).
• Gregory Diggings, Col., 312.
• Gregory, John H., finds gold on Clear Creek, Col., 312.
• Gulf of California, missions on, 38.
• Gulf of Mexico, early knowledge of, 10, 17 (note);
  • coasts described, 114.
• Hearne, Samuel, goes to Coppermine River, 137.
• Hennepin, Fr. Louis, 99;
  • sent by La Salle to explore the Lower Illinois, 101;
  • described, 105, 106;
  • ascends the Upper Mississippi, 105;
  • taken by Sioux, 106;
  • names Falls of St. Anthony, 107;
  • released by French traders, 108;
  • his account of his explorations, 109 (note).
• Hot Springs of the Washita, 222.
• Houston, Samuel, made president of Texas, 243.
• Hudson, Henry, 132, 135 (note).
• Hudson's Bay explored, 132, 133.
• Hudson's Bay Company formed, 134;
  • its early struggles, 134;
  • intent of the grant, 136.
• Humboldt Mountains and River named, 258.
• Hurons, 71, 72;
  • driven from Lake Huron, 76, 79 (note).
• Iberville, Le Moyne de, 118, 123 (note);
  • arrives at Pensacola, 119, and Mobile Bay, 119;
  • in the Mississippi River, 120;
  • gets a letter from La Salle, 120;
  • forms settlements in Biloxi Bay and Mobile, 121;
  • death, 123.
• Idaho, 323, 325 (note).
• Illinois nation, Joliet and Marquette among, 88.
• Indians of Florida, earliest accounts of them, 20;
  • arms and implements, 21;
  • singular tradition about the whites, 24;
  • villages, 24, 25;
  • dress, 25, 26;
  • worship, 26;
  • mode of life, 27.
• Indians of New Mexico, their houses and villages, 34, 35, 40-43;
  • folk-lore, 45-49;
  • customs, 50;
  • government, 52;
  • Pimos Indians, 39 (note).
• Indians of Great Lakes, Hurons, 71-72;
  • Iroquois, 72.
• Indians of California, do honor to Drake, 56;
  • as inhabitants of missions, 61-64;
  • in mines, 279.
• Indians of Hudson's Bay, 137.
• Indians of Vancouver Island, 144 (note).
• Indians of North-west Territory, 168.
• Indians of Oregon, 194-196, 197 (note);
  • missions among, 233 (note).
• Indians of Kansas, 293.
• Indians of Texas, 242.
• Indians of Great Plains, 186, 221.
• (See also under various tribal names.)
• Iowa admitted to the Union, 248.
• Iroquois, 72;
  • they block up Lakes Ontario and Erie to the French, 76;
  • conquer and disperse the Hurons, 76, 79 (note).
• Isthmus of Darien crossed by Balboa, 7.
• Jefferson, Thomas, moves to unravel the Mississippi question, 172;
  • sets exploration of Louisiana on foot, 184;
  • sends Lewis and Clarke to the Pacific, 187.
• Jesuit missionaries in Canada, 74, 79 (note).
• Joliet, Louis, sent to find the Mississippi River, with Marquette, 85;
  • reaches it, 87;
  • visits the Illinois, 88;
  • reaches the Arkansas nation, 90;
  • turns back, 91, 92 (note).
• Kansas explored by Pike, 200.
• Kansas, parties to the struggle over, 290;
  • passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, 292;
  • described, 292;
  • adapted to slave labor, 294;
  • first advantages with the party of slavery, 295;
  • emigration to, 296;
  • first settlements in, 296;
  • Free-State settlements, 298, 299 (note);
  • Missourians seize Territorial government, 302;
  • Topeka Constitution, 302;
  • Lawrence besieged, 302;
  • Free-State leaders held for treason, 303;
  • Lawrence suffers from outrages, 303;
  • Free-State legislature dispersed, 303;
  • Free-State leaders, 304;
  • in a state of anarchy, 305;
  • Lecompton Constitution formed, 305;
  • defeated, 306;
  • ballot-stuffing, 306;
  • admitted to the Union, 320.
• Kansas City, beginnings of, 234, 241 (note).
• Kearney, Stephen W., marches to New Mexico, 252;
  • takes possession, 254;
  • goes on to California, 255, 256 (note);
  • beaten at San Pasqual, 263.
• Kendrick, John, sails through the Straits of Fuca, 147 (note), 158.
• Kentucky admitted to the Union, 167.
• Kino, Fr. Eusebius, founds missions, 38.
• La Chine, origin of name, 96, 99 (note).
• Laclede, Pierre, founds St. Louis, 179, 183 (note).
• Lake Michigan, 92 (note).
• Lake Pepin, 107, 109 (note).
• Lake Superior Indians at Quebec, 77.
• Lane, James H., 304, 307 (note).
• La Peyrouse, 64, 66 (note).
• Larkin, Thomas O., 264 (note);
  • describes gold discovery, 274, 275.
• La Salle, Robert Cavelier de, described, 93, 94;
  • goes in search of the Ohio, 97;
  • Frontenac his friend, 97;
  • plans a colony at mouth of the Mississippi, 98;
  • gets a patent from Louis XIV., 98, 99 (note);
  • builds a fort and vessel on Niagara River, 99;
  • sails for Green Bay, 100;
  • starts hence for the Mississippi River, and descends the Illinois, 101;
  • winters among the Illinois, 101;
  • returns to Frontenac, 101;
  • again sets out, 102;
  • finds Crèvecœur in ruins and deserted, 102;
  • makes a third attempt, 103;
  • builds Fort Prudhomme, 103;
  • reaches the Gulf and takes possession of Louisiana, 103, 104;
  • goes to France, 111;
  • sails for the Mississippi River, 112;
  • lands on the coast of Texas, 112;
  • a chapter of disasters, 113;
  • builds Fort St. Louis on Lavaca River, 113;
  • sets out for the Mississippi, 115;
  • is killed, 117 (and note);
  • name honored, 123 (note).
• Law, John, his Mississippi scheme, 126, 130 (note).
• Lawrence, Kan., founded, 298, 299 (note);
  • besieged, 302;
  • destruction of property at, 303.
• Leavenworth, Kan., founded, 296, 299 (note).
• Lecompton settled, 297, 299 (note);
  • pro-slavery party form a State constitution at, 305.
• Ledyard, John, 144, 145;
  • his idea, 153, 156 (note);
  • a deserter, 154;
  • goes to France, 154;
  • Jefferson's advice taken, 155;
  • attempts to reach the north-west coast by way of Kamschatka, and fails, 156.
• Lewis, Meriwether, explores Louisiana, 187, 191 (note);
  • ascends the Missouri, 188;
  • among the Mandans, 189;
  • reaches the Great Falls, 191;
  • sets out across the mountains, 192;
  • brings back guides and horses, 194;
  • sufferings in the mountains, 195;
  • reaches Lewis River, 195;
  • descends the Columbia, 195;
  • and reaches the sea, 197.
• Lewis River (Snake River of Oregon), named, 195.
• Little Rock, 223 (note).
• Livingston, Robert R., opens negotiations for the purchase of Louisiana, 173, 175 (note).
• Long, Stephen Harriman, sent to explore the Platte Valley, 219;
  • ascends the Missouri in a steamboat, 219, 223 (note);
  • winters near Council Bluffs, 221;
  • goes down the South Platte to the mountains, 222;
  • thence by the Canadian to Fort Smith, 222;
  • pronounces the Great Plains a desert, 223.
• Long's Peak ascended, 222.
• Louis XIV., beginning of his reign, 81;
  • its character described, 130 (note).
• Louisiana, the name, 104;
  • La Salle's colony, 109, 123 (note);
  • Iberville's colony, 118;
  • under Crozat, 125;
  • under Law, 126;
  • settlements begun, 127;
  • ceded to Spain, 163;
  • upper settlements, 166;
  • lower settlements, 167;
  • ceded to the United States, 174;
  • settlements and population in 1803, 176-183;
  • a State, 214.
• Louisville founded, 168.
• Mackenzie, Alexander, discovers the Mackenzie River, 138;
  • reaches the Pacific, 139.
• Mandan tradition, 39 (note).
• Marco de Niza explores New Mexico, 32, 39 (note).
• Marquette, Fr. James, goes to Lake Superior, 78, 80 (note);
  • goes with Joliet to find the Mississippi River (see Joliet).
• Marshall, James W., discovers gold in California, 272.
• Mendoza, Antonio de, sends explorers into New Mexico, 32.
• McCormick, Cyrus H., his reaping-machine, 327.
• Meramec lead-mines, 182.
• Mexico, conquest of, 5;
  • an historic initial-point, 7.
• Mexico, war with her, 250 (note);
  • it is unpopular in the North, 251 (note);
  • peace and its results, 263.
• Minnesota explored by Hennepin, 105-107;
  • by Carver, 150-152;
  • posts in, 183;
  • by Pike, 198;
  • by Nicollet and Fremont, 234, 241 (note);
  • admitted to the Union, 307.
• Mississippi River, The, nearly discovered, 10;
  • De Soto finds it, 16;
  • name, 17 (note);
  • the Sioux describe it, 78, 80 (note);
  • acquires a first importance with the French, 82;
  • fables about, 89;
  • explored by Joliet and Marquette, 85-92;
  • by La Salle, 103, 104.
• Mississippi Territory formed, 167.
• Missions in New Mexico, 37;
  • in California, 60-64, 66 (note);
  • on Lake Huron, 74, 75;
  • Lake Superior, 77, 78, 79;
  • Oregon, 233 (note), 238, 240;
  • Texas, 246 (note);
  • Kansas, 293.
• Missouri, settlements in, 1819, 219;
  • struggle over her admission as a State, 223-227;
  • her growth, 228.
• Missouri Compromise, the, 226;
  • set aside, 292, 294 (note).
• Missouri River first mentioned, 89, 92 (note);
  • its sources unknown, 1783, 162, 168 (note), 185, 191 (note).
• Monroe Doctrine enunciated, 231, 233 (note).
• Montana, 323, 325 (note).
• Monterey visited, 59;
  • mission at, 61;
  • name, 66 (note).
• Montezuma, 48, 52 (note).
• Mormons as soldiers, 253;
  • rise of the sect, 268 (note);
  • decide to go to Salt Lake, and why, 266;
  • their city, 266, 268 (note);
  • their growth, 267;
  • and creed, 267;
  • in California, 273, 275 (note).
• Mormon Diggings, 273, 274, 275 (note).
• Moscoso, Luis de, succeeds De Soto and saves his men, 17 (note), 18.
• Mount St. Elias discovered, 141.
• Natchez Indians, 123, 124.
• Natchez, its importance to Louisiana, 123;
  • fort at, 124.
• Natchitoches occupied by French, 124, 130 (note).
• Nebraska, Act forming the Territory, 292;
  • not adapted for slave labor, 294;
  • Pacific Railroad begun in, 318, 320 (note);
  • growth of, 321;
  • admitted to the Union, 321, 322 (note).
• New England Emigrant Aid Company, 297, 299 (note).
• New Madrid, 178, 183 (note).
• New Mexico first explored by Marco de Niza and Vasquez de Coronado, 32;
  • fallacies concerning it, 30;
  • obstacles in the way, 30;
  • second exploration, 33;
  • third do., 33, 34;
  • villages and people described, 34, 35;
  • named, 35;
  • colonized, 37;
  • missions in, 37;
  • native insurrection in, 37;
  • new invasion, 38;
  • native cities described, 40-44;
  • in 1807, 205-208;
  • its importance to emigration, 251, 252;
  • Kearney sent to take it, 252;
  • yields without fighting, 254;
  • insurrection at Taos, 256 (note);
  • ceded to the United States, 263.
• New Orleans founded, 128, 130 (note);
  • described by Charlevoix, 129;
  • in 1803, 177, 178;
  • attempt of England to seize, 214.
• Nevada, rise of, 321;
  • a State, 321, 322 (note).
• Nez Percés mission, 238.
• Niagara River and Falls, 74, 79 (note);
  • seized by La Salle, 99, 104 (note).
• Nicolet, Jean, at Green Bay, 75, 79 (note).
• Nootka Sound, 146 (note).
• North-west Company, 183 (note).
• North-west Territory formed and slavery excluded, 165;
  • area and population, 166, 168 (note).
• Northern Pacific Railway, 323, 325 (note).
• Nueces River, 249, 251 (note).
• Ohio River a boundary between slave and free States, 165.
• Omaha, 321, 322 (note).
• Ordinance of 1787, 165.
• Oregon, name first mentioned, 152, 153 (note).
• Oregon, first American establishments in, 212, 213;
  • rivalries of the fur-traders, 229;
  • quarrel with England about boundary, 230;
  • public opinion about Oregon, 231;
  • various settlements in, 232, 233 (notes);
  • effort to keep Americans out of, 239;
  • Dr. Whitman's heroic efforts to win Oregon for us, 239;
  • Ashburton treaty, 239;
  • Willamette Valley being settled, 240;
  • admitted to the Union, 307.
• Oregon trail, 229, 233 (note);
  • Fremont explores, 234, 235;
  • hard travelling it, 239.
• Pacific Ocean, or Great South Sea, reached by Balboa and Cortez, 7.
• Pacific Railroad talked of, 257;
  • on the frontier, 316;
  • authorized, 320 (note);
  • begun during the civil war, 318;
  • attacked by Indians, 319;
  • completed, 319;
  • effect on the growth of the Great West, 327.
• Pensacola, 119, 123 (note).
• Peter the Great attempts discoveries in the North-West, 140.
• Philip II. (of Spain), last days of, 53, 54;
  • his character, 81.
• Pierce, Franklin, elected President, 292, 294 (note).
• Pike, Zebulon M., explores the Arkansas, 198, 204 (note);
  • in Kansas, 200;
  • among the Pawnees, 200;
  • ascends Pike's Peak, 202;
  • lost in the mountains, 203;
  • taken to Santa Fé, 203.
• Pike's Peak ascended and named, 202;
  • first name for Colorado gold-mines, 309.
• Pimeria, 38, 39 (note).
• Platte River, 185, 191 (note).
• Platte Valley, Long explores it, 219.
• Polk, James K., 246 (and note).
• Ponce de Leon, Juan, discovers Florida, 6.
• Pony express, 316, 320 (note).
• Prairie du Chien, Joliet at, 87;
  • Jonathan Carver at, 152;
  • in 1803, 183.
• Prince Rupert founds Hudson's Bay Company, 134, 135 (note).
• Pursley, James, discovers gold in Colorado, 210.
• Quebec founded, 69;
  • taken, 75.
• Robinson, Charles, in Kansas, 299;
  • indicted for treason, 302, 307 (note).
• Russian American Company, 142.
• St. Charles (Mo.), 183 (note).
• San Diego visited, 59;
  • mission at, 61.
• St. Domingo, 119, 123 (note).
• St. Genevieve, 183 (note).
• San Francisco, mission founded, 61.
• San Francisco in 1849, 282, 284 (note).
• Santa Fé founded, 37;
  • in 1807, 206;
  • taken by Gen. Kearney, 254.
• Santa Fé Trail, 229, 233 (note).
• San Jacinto, 243, 246 (note).
• St. Lawrence River, route of French discovery and settlement, 68;
  • ascended by Cartier and Champlain, 69, 71 (note);
  • the key of the continent, 69.
• St. Louis, rise of, 179;
  • in 1803, 181, 182;
  • in 1816, 227.
• St. Louis of Texas (La Salle's colony), 114, 117 (note).
• St. Paul, 107, 109 (note).
• St. Vrain's Fort, 235, 241 (note).
• Sacramento City founded, 283.
• Salt Lake City laid out, 266, 268 (note).
• Sandwich Islands, discovered, 144;
  • named, 146 (note).
• Sault Ste. Marie, possession taken of the Great West by France, 79.
• Scott, Winfield, conquest of Mexico, 263.
• Sitka founded, 142 (note).
• Sioux, first meeting with whites, 77;
  • Hennepin among, 106, 107, 109 (note).
• Sioux War (1876), 325.
• Slavery introduced by De Soto into Florida, 13;
  • as practised by the Indians, 17 (note);
  • African slavery in Louisiana, 127, 130 (note);
  • excluded from the North-west Territory, 165;
  • admitted to Missouri, 223-227;
  • in Texas, 243, 244;
  • become a sectional issue, 246;
  • party formed to antagonize it, 247;
  • petitions against, refused by Congress, 248;
  • struggle over the admission of California, 287;
  • contest in Kansas, 289.
• Southern Pacific Railway, 65.
• South Pass, Fremont sent to explore it, 234, 241 (note).
• South Sea, The. See Pacific Ocean.
• Spain, mistress of the seas, 2;
  • what Columbus did for, 3;
  • divides with Portugal dominion in the East and West, 3, 4;
  • sends expeditions to Florida and Mexico, 4;
  • reign of Charles V., 4-8;
  • her invincibility broken, 59, 66 (note);
  • gives up Vancouver Island to England, 146 (note);
  • claim to north-west coast, 159;
  • gets back Louisiana, 163;
  • and Florida, 164;
  • shuts up New Orleans to our commerce, 172, 175 (notes 2 and 3);
  • loses Mexico, 241.
• Steamboat first navigates the Missouri, 219.
• Stockton, Robert F., 261;
  • conquers California, 262.
• Stockton, Cal., founded, 283.
• Straits of Fuca discovered, 59;
  • explored, 146 (note).
• Sutter's Fort, 256, 263 (note);
  • Fremont's headquarters at, 260.
• Taylor, Zachary, commands in Mexico, 250, 263.
• Tennessee admitted to the Union, 167.
• Terra Firma, 9 (note).
• Texas, 118 (note); see also St. Louis of Texas;
  • Americans invited to, 241;
  • in 1821, 242, 246 (note);
  • emigration, 2;
  • and its character, 243;
  • revolts against Mexico, 243;
  • conquers her independence, 243;
  • applies for admission to the Union, 244;
  • is opposed by the North, 245;
  • but comes in, 246;
  • her boundary in dispute, 249.
• Topeka Constitution, 307 (note).
• Utah, 267, 268 (note).
• Vancouver, George, 146 (note).
• Vizcaino, Sebastian, enters San Diego and Monterey, 59.
• Washington Territory, 323, 325 (note).
• Webster, Daniel, his attitude toward slavery in new States, 291, 294 (note).
• Whitman, Marcus, founds a mission in Oregon, 232, 233 (note), 238;
  • his memorable ride to St. Louis, 239.
• Wilkes, Charles, explores north-west coast, 240, 241 (note).
• Willamette Valley settled, 240.
• Wisconsin, first white man in, 75, 79 (note).
• Wisconsin River found to be a tributary of the Mississippi, 78.
• Wyeth, Nathaniel J., in Oregon, 232, 233 (note).
• Wyoming Territory, 324.
• Yellowstone Park, 324.
• Yellowstone River, 185, 191 (note).
• Yerba Buena, 282, 284 (note).
• Young, Brigham, 265.
• Zuñi visited by Spaniards, 35, 39 (note).