Dance of death, 185 sqq.
Dances as funeral rites, 179 sqq., 200;
masked, of the Monumbo, 228;
masked, of a Secret Society, 233;
at deaths, 293 sq.;
of masked men in imitation of spirits, 297;
at festivals, 316;
at festivals of the dead, 321;
at funeral feasts, 399
—— and games at festivals, 226
Dark, ghosts dreaded in the, 197, 283, 306, 467;
female mourners remain in the, 360
Daula, a ghost associated with the frigate-bird, 376
Dawson, James, 42, 142, 143
Dazing a ghost, 416
Dead, worship of the, 23 sqq., 31, 328 sqq., 338;
seen in dreams, 27;
belief in the reincarnation of the, 92 sqq., 107;
spirits of, associated with conspicuous features of the landscape, 115 sqq.;
reincarnation of the, 124 sq., 127 sqq.;
souls of the, supposed to go to the sky, 133 sq., 135, 138 sq., 141, 142;
souls of the, supposed to be in stars, 134, 140;
names of the, not mentioned, 135;
magical virtue attributed to the hair of the, 137 sq.;
appear to the living in dreams, 139, 195, 213, 229;
attentions paid to the, in regard to food, fire, property, etc., 144 sqq.;
property of, deposited in grave, 145 sqq.;
motive for destroying the property of the, 147 sq.;
economic loss entailed by sacrifices to the, 149;
incipient worship of the, in Australia, 149, 150;
feared, 152 sq., 173 sqq., 196 sq., 201, 203, 244, 248;
cuttings of the flesh in honour of the, 154 sqq., 183, 184 sq., 196, 327, 359;
thought to be strengthened by blood, 159;
disposed of in different ways according to their age, manner of death, etc., 161 sqq.;
fear of the, 168;
germs of a worship of the, in Australia, 168 sq.;
destruction of the property of the, 174;
land of the, 175 sq., 192, 193, 194 sq., 202, 203, 207, 209 sq., 211 sqq., 224, 228 sq., 244, 260, 286 sq., 292, 299, 305 sq., 307, 322, 326, 345, 350 sq., 353 sq., 404 sqq., 462 sqq.;
personated by masked men, 176, 179 sq., 182 sq., 185 sqq.;
food offered to the, 183, 211, 214, 232, 241, 332, 338, 348 sq., 364 sq., 367 sq., 372 sq., 396 sq., 429, 442, 467;
elements of a worship of the, in Torres Straits, 189;
laid on platforms, 199, 203, 205;
worshipped in British New Guinea, 201 sq.;
prayers to the, 201 sq., 214, 259, 288, 307, 329 sq., 332 sqq., 340, 376 sq., 401, 403 sq., 427, 441;
names of, not mentioned, 210, 246;
monuments of the, 225;
offerings of hunters and fishers to the, 226;
oracles of the, 235;
buried in the house, 236, 347, 352, 397, 398, 399;
offerings to the, 239, 276, 292, 298;
transmigrate into animals, 242, 245;
spirits of the, give good crops, 247 sq.;
elements of a worship of the dead among the Yabim, 255;
spirits of the, believed to be mischievous, 257;
ancestors supposed to help in the cultivation of the ground, 259;
first-fruits offered to the, 259;
buried under houses, 259;
envious of the living, 267, 381;
burnt offerings to the, 294;
predominance of the worship of the, 297 sq.;
power of the, over the living, 298, 306 sq., 307;
sacrifices to the, 307, 338;
wooden images (korwar) of the, 307 sqq., 315, 316 sq., 321, 322;
buried in island, 319;
festival of the, 320 sq.;
medicine-men, inspired by spirits of the, 322;
spirits of the, embodied in their skulls, 338;
spirits of the, identified with white men, 342;
buried in the sea, 347 sq., 397;
relics of the, preserved, 348;
bodies of the, preserved for a time in the house, 351;
represented by wooden stocks, 374, 386;
burned in New Ireland, 397;
carried out of house by special opening, 452 sqq.
See also Ghost
Dead kings of Uganda consulted as oracles, 151
Death, the problem of, 31 sqq.;
the savage conception of, 31 sqq.;
thought to be an effect of sorcery, 33 sqq.;
by natural causes, recognised by some savages, 55 sq.;
myths of the origin of, 59 sqq.;
personified in tales, 79 sqq.;
not regarded as a natural necessity, 84 sqq.;
the second, of the dead, 195, 286, 299, 345, 350, 351, 354;
attributed to sorcery, 249;
violent, ascribed to sorcery, 268 sq.;
myth of the continuance of, 472
Death and resurrection at initiation, ceremony of, 431, 434 sq.;
pretence of, at initiation, 254 sq., 261, 302
Death-dances, 293 sq.;
of the Torres Straits Islanders, 179 sqq.
Deaths from natural causes, disbelief of savages in, 33 sqq.;
attributed to sorcery, 136, 203;
set down to sorcery or ghosts, 203, 268, 270
Deceiving the ghost, 237, 273, 280 sqq., 328
Deceiving the spirits, 298
Deification of the dead, 24, 25;
of parents, 439
Deity consumes soul of offering, 297
Demon carries off soul of sick, 194
Demons as causes of disease and death, 36 sq.
Demonstrations, extravagant, of grief at a death, dictated by fear of the ghost, 271 sqq.
Déné or Tinneh Indians, their ideas as to death, 39 sq.
Departure of ghost thought to coincide with disappearance of flesh from bones, 165 sq.
Descent of the living into the nether world, 300, 355
Descriptive and comparative anthropology, their relation, 230 sq.
Descriptive method in anthropology, 30
Desertion of house after a death, 195, 196 n. 1, 210, 248, 275, 349, 400;
of village after a death, 275
Deserts as impediments to progress, 89, 90
Design emblematic of totem, 168
Destruction of house after a death, 210
—— of life and property entailed by the belief in immortality, 468 sq.
—— of property of the dead, 174, 459;
motive for, 147 sq., 327
Development arrested or retarded in savagery, 88 sqq.
Dieri, the, 138;
their burial customs, 144
Differentiation of function in prayer, 332 sq.
Disbelief of savages in death from natural causes, 34 sqq.
Disease supposed to be caused by sorcery, 35 sqq.;
demons regarded as causes of, 36 sq.;
recognised by some savages as due to natural causes, 55 sq.;
special modes of disposing of bodies of persons who die of, 162, 163.
See also Sickness
Diseases ascribed to ghosts, 257
Disinterment of the bones of the dead, 225, 294
Dissection of corpse to discover cause of death, 53 sq.
Divination to discover cause of death, 35, 36, 37 sq., 38, 39 sq., 44, 45 sq., 50 sqq., 53 sq., 136;
by liver, 54;
by dreams, 136, 383;
by the skulls of the dead, 179;
to discover sorcerer who caused death, 240 sq., 249 sq., 257, 402;
by bow, 241;
by hair to discover cause of death, 319;
by means of ghosts, 389 sq.;
to discover ghost who has caused sickness, 382
Divinity of kings, 16;
of Fijian kings, 407 sq.;
Fijian notion of, 440 sq.
Dog, in myth of the origin of death, 66;
the Heavenly, 460
Dogs sacrificed to the dead, 232, 234;
sacrificed in epidemics, 296
Doreh Bay in Dutch New Guinea, 303, 306
Dragon supposed to swallow lads at initiation, 301.
See also Monster
Drama of death and resurrection at initiation, 431, 434 sq.
——, evolution of, 189
Dramatic ceremonies in Central Australia, magical intention of, 122 sq., 126
—— concerned with totems, 119 sqq.
—— to commemorate the doings of ancestors, 118 sqq.
Dramatic representation of ghosts and spirits by masked men, 176, 179 sq., 180 sqq., 185 sqq.
Drawings on ground in religious or magical ceremony, 112 sq.
—— on rocks, 318
Dread of witchcraft, 413 sq.
Dreamer, professional, 383
Dreams as a source of the belief in immortality and of the worship of the dead, 27 sq., 214;
divination by, 136;
appearance of the dead to the living in, 139, 195, 213, 229;
savage faith in the truth of, 139 sq.;
consultation of the dead in, 179;
danger of, 194;
the dead communicate with the living in, 248
Driving away the ghost, 178, 197, 248, 305, 306, 323, 356 sqq., 396, 399, 415
Drowning of ghosts, 224
Duke of York Island, 393, 397, 403, 404
Dying, threats of the, 273
Ears of corpse stopped with hot coals, 152;
of mourners cut, 183, 272, 327
Earth-burial and tree-burial, 161, 166 sq.
Earthquakes ascribed to ghosts, 286, 288;
caused by deities, 296
Eating totemic animals or plants, 120 sq.
Economic loss entailed by sacrifices to the dead, 149;
entailed by the belief in immortality, 468 sq.
Eel, ghost in, 379
Eels offered to the dead, 429
Egypt, custom at embalming a corpse in ancient, 178
Elysium, the Fijian, 466 sq.
Embryology of religion, 88
Emu totem, dramatic ceremonies concerned with, 122, 123
Encounter Bay tribe of South Australia, 42
Epilepsy ascribed to anger of ghosts, 257, 283
—— and inspiration, 15
Erdweg, Father Josef, 218, 219, 227
Erskine, Capt. J. E., 409
Ertnatulunga, sacred store-house, 99
Erythrophloeum guiniense, in poison ordeal, 50
Esquimaux, burial custom of the, 454, 456
Essence, immaterial, of sacrifice absorbed by ghosts and spirits, 285, 287, 374
Euhemerism, 24 sq.
Euhemerus, 24
European teaching, influence of, on native beliefs, 142 sq.
Evil spirits regarded as causes of death, 36 sq.
Excitement as mark of inspiration, 14
Exogamy with female descent, 416, 418
Exorcism as cure for sickness, 222 sq.
Experience defined, 12;
two sorts of, 13 sq.
—— and intuition, 11
External world, question of the reality of, 13 sq.;
an illusion, 21
Eye, soul resides in the, 267
Eyes of corpse bandaged, 459
Faints ascribed to action of ghosts, 257, 283
Faith, weakening of religious, 4
Falling stars the souls of the dead, 229, 399
Family prayers of the New Caledonians, 332 sq., 340
—— priests, 332, 340
Famine, the stone of, 334 sq.
Fasting in mourning for a king, 451 sq.
Father-in-law, mourning for a, 155
Favourable natural conditions, their influence in stimulating social progress, 141 sq., 148 sq.
Fear of ghosts, 134, 135, 147, 151 sqq., 158, 173 sqq., 195, 196 sq., 201, 203, 229 sq., 232, 237, 276, 282 sq., 305, 321, 327, 347, 396, 414 sq., 449, 455, 467;
a moral restraint, 175;
the source of extravagant demonstrations of grief at death, 271 sqq.;
taboo based on, 390 sq.;
a bulwark of morality, 392;
funeral customs based on, 450 sqq.;
of women dying in childbed, 458 sqq.
Fear of the dead, 152 sq., 168, 173 sqq., 195, 196 sq., 201, 203, 244, 248
—— of witchcraft, 244
—— the only principle of religious observances in Fiji, 443
Feasts provided for ghosts, 247 sq.
See also Funeral Feasts
Feather-money offered to ghosts, 374, 375
Feet foremost, corpse carried out, 174
Ferry for ghosts, 224, 244 sq., 350, 412, 462
Festival of the dead, 320 sq.
Fig-trees, sacred, 199
Fighting or warrior ghosts, 370
Fiji and the Fijians, 406 sqq.
——, human sacrifices in, 446 sq.
Fijian islands, scenery of, 409 sq.
—— myths of origin of death, 66 sq., 75 sq.
Fijians, belief in immortality among the, 406 sqq.;
their advanced culture, 407
Fingers amputated in mourning, 199, 451
—— of living sacrificed in honour of the dead, 426 sq.
Finsch Harbour in German New Guinea, 218, 242, 262
Fire as a means of keeping off ghosts, 131
—— -flies, ghosts as, 352
—— kindled on grave, to warm ghost, 144 sq., 196 sq., 209, 211, 223, 275, 359
—— supplied to ghost, 246 sq.;
used to keep off ghosts, 258, 283;
used in cross-questioning a ghost, 278
Firstborn children, skull-topped images made of dead, 312
First-fruits offered to the dead, 259;
of canarium nuts offered to ghosts, 368 sq.;
offered to deified spirits of dead chiefs, 369;
offered to ghosts, 373 sq.;
of yams offered to the ancestral spirits, 429
Fish offered by fishermen to the dead, 226;
prayers for, 329;
ghost in, 379
—— totem, dramatic ceremony concerned with, 119 sq., 121
Fishermen pray to ghosts, 289
——, stones to help, 337
Fison, Lorimer, 407, 412, 416, 418, 428 n. 1, 434, 435 sqq., 438 n. 1, 445, 448
Fits ascribed to contact with ghosts, 283.
See also Epilepsy
Florida, one of the Solomon Islands, 346, 347, 348, 349, 367, 368, 376, 377, 379, 380
Flutes, sacred, 221, 226, 233, 252
Flying-foxes, souls of the dead in, 405
Food placed on grave, 144;
offered to the dead, 183, 201, 208, 211, 214, 232, 241, 332, 338, 364 sq., 367 sq., 372 sq., 396 sq., 429, 442, 467;
abstinence from certain, in mourning, 198, 208, 209, 230, 314, 360, 452;
supply promoted by ghosts, 283;
offered to ancestral spirits, 316;
offered to the skulls of the dead, 339 sq., 352;
offered to ghosts, 348 sq.;
of ghosts, the living not to partake of the, 355
—— not to be touched with the hands by gravediggers, 327;
not to be touched with hands by persons who have handled a corpse, 450 sq.
—— and water, abundance of, favourable to social progress, 90 sq.;
offered to the dead, 174
Fool and Death, 83
Footprints, magic of, 45
Foundation-sacrifice of men, 446
Fowlers pray to ghosts, 289
Frenzy a symptom of inspiration, 443, 444 sq.
Frigate-bird, mark of the, 350;
ghost associated with the, 376
Frigate-birds, ghosts in, 380
Frog in stories of the origin of death, 61, 62 sq.
Fruit-trees cut down for ghost, 246
—— of the dead cut down, 399
Funeral ceremonies intended to dismiss the ghost from the land of the living, 174 sq.
—— ceremonies of the Torres Straits Islanders, 176 sqq.
—— customs of the Tami, 293 sq.;
of the Central Melanesians, 347 sqq., 355 sqq.;
based on fear of ghosts, 450 sqq.
—— feasts, 348, 351, 358 sq., 360, 396;
orations, 355 sq.
Forces, impersonal, the world conceived as a complex of, 21
Foreskins sacrificed in honour of the dead, 426 sq.;
of circumcised lads presented to ancestral gods, 427