Gaboon, the, 54
Gajos of Sumatra, burial custom of the, 455
Gall used in divination, 54
Game offered by hunters to the dead, 226
Ganindo, a warrior ghost, 363 sq.
Gardens, ghosts of, 371
Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain, 48, 69, 398, 405
Geelvink Bay, in Dutch New Guinea, 303, 307
Genital members of human victims hung on tree, 447 n. 1
German burial custom, 453, 458
Ghost appeased by sham fight, 137;
hunted into the grave, 164 sq.;
thought to linger near body till flesh is decayed, 165 sq.;
elaborate funeral ceremonies designed to get rid of, 174 sq.;
driven away, 178, 197, 248;
extracted from body of patient, 271;
calls for vengeance, 278;
cursed and ill-treated, 285;
who causes sunshine and rain, 375
—— -posts, 375
—— -seer, 204 sq., 214, 229
—— -shooter, 387 sq.
Ghostly ferry, 350, 412.
See also Ferry
Ghosts, mischievous nature of, 28;
as causes of sickness, 54 sqq., 195, 197, 222, 300, 305, 322, 389;
feared, 134, 135, 147, 151 sqq., 158, 173 sqq., 195, 196 sq., 201, 203, 229 sq., 232, 237, 271 sqq., 276, 282 sq., 305, 321, 327, 347, 396, 414 sq., 449, 457, 467;
attentions paid to, in regard to food, fire, property, etc., 144 sqq.;
feared only of recently departed, 151 sq.;
of nearest relations most feared, 153;
represented dramatically by masked men, 176, 179 sq., 182 sq., 185 sqq.;
should have their noses bored, 192, 194 sq.;
return of the, 195, 198, 246, 300;
carry off the souls of the living, 197;
cause bad luck in hunting and fishing, 197;
identified with phosphorescent lights, 198, 258;
appear to seer, 204 sq.;
of slain enemies especially dreaded, 205;
of the hanged specially feared, 212;
certain classes of ghosts specially feared, 212;
malignity of, 212, 381;
drowned, 224;
village of, 231 sq., 234;
give information, 240;
provided with fire, 246 sq.;
feasts provided for, 247 sq.;
thought to give good crops, 247 sq.;
communicate with the living in dreams, 248;
diseases ascribed to action of, 257;
of the slain, special fear of, 258, 279, 306, 323;
of ancestors appealed to for help, 258 sq.;
precautions taken against, 258;
expected to make the crops thrive, 259, 284, 288 sq.;
natural death ascribed to action of, 268;
sickness ascribed to action of, 269 sq., 271, 279, 372, 375, 381 sqq.;
deceived, 273, 280 sqq., 328;
thought to help hunters, 274, 284 sq.;
in the form of animals, 282;
help the living by promoting supply of food, 283;
cause earthquakes, 286, 288;
as patrons of hunting and other departments, 287;
die the second death, 287;
turn into animals, 287;
turn into ant-hills, 287;
of warriors invoked by warriors, 288;
invoked by warriors, farmers, fowlers, fishermen, etc., 288 sqq.;
of men may grow into gods, 289 sq.;
of the dead in the form of serpents, 300;
driven away, 305, 306, 323, 356 sqq., 396, 399, 415;
cause all sorts of misfortunes, 306 sq.;
call for vengeance, 310, 468;
sacrifices to, 328;
of power and ghosts of no account, distinction between, 345 sq.;
of the recent dead most powerful, 346;
prayers to, 348;
of land and sea, 348;
food offered to, 348 sq.;
live in islands, 350, 353;
live underground, 353 sq.;
worshipful, 362 sq.;
public and private, 367, 369 sq.;
first-fruits offered to, 368 sq., 373 sq.;
warlike, 370;
of gardens, 371;
human sacrifices to, 371 sq.;
incarnate in sharks, 373;
sacrifices to, at planting, 375;
sanctuaries of, 377 sq.;
incarnate in animals, 379 sq.;
envious of the living, 381;
carry off souls, 383;
in stones, 383 sq.;
inspiration by means of, 389 sq.;
killed, 415 sq.;
dazed, 416;
prevented from returning to the house, 455 sq.;
unmarried, hard fate of, 464
Ghosts and spirits, distinction between, in Central Melanesia, 343, 363;
regulate the weather, 384 sq.
—— of women dying in childbed, special fear of, 458 sqq.;
special treatment of, 358.
See also Dead and Spirits
Giant, mythical, thought to appear annually with the south-east monsoon, 255
Gifford, Lord, 2, 3
Girdle made from hair of dead, 138
Gnanji, the, of Central Australia, 92
Goat in story of the origin of death, 64
God, the question of his existence, 2;
defined, 9 sq.;
knowledge of, how acquired, 11 sqq.;
inferred as a cause, 22 sq.;
and the origin of death, 61 sqq.;
in form of serpent, 445, 462
Gods created by man in his own likeness, 19 sq.;
of nature, 20;
human, 20, 23 sqq.;
unknown among aborigines of Australia, 91;
often developed out of ghosts, 289 sq.;
ancestors worshipped as, 340, 369;
ancestral, sacrifice of foreskins to, 427;
ancestral, libations to, 438;
two classes of, in Fiji, 440
—— and spirits, no certain demarcation between, 441
Goldie, Rev. Hugh, 52
Good crops given by ghosts, 247 sq.
—— spirit, 143
—— and bad, different fate of the, after death, 354
Gran Chaco, in Argentina, 165
Grandfather, soul of, reborn in grandchild, 417;
his ghost dazed, 416
Grandfather and grandchild, their relation under exogamy and female kinship, 416, 418
Grandidier, A., 49
Grass for graves, euphemism for human victims buried with the dead, 425 sq.
—— -seed, magical ceremony for increasing, 102
Grave, food placed on, 144, 145;
property of dead deposited in, 145 sqq.;
hut erected on, 203;
of worshipful dead a sanctuary, 347;
stones heaped on, 360;
sacrifices to ghost on, 382
Gravediggers, purification of, 314;
secluded, 327;
secluded and painted black, 451
Graves, huts built on, for use of ghosts, 150 sq.;
under the houses, 274.
See also Huts
Great Woman, the, 464
Greek tragedy, W. Ridgeway on the origin of, 189
Greeks, purificatory rites of ancient, 206
Greenlanders, burial custom of the, 454
Grey, Sir George, 41;
taken for an Australian aboriginal, 131 sqq.
Grief, extravagant demonstrations of grief in mourning, their motives, 135 sq.
—— at a death, extravagant demonstrations of, dictated by fear of the ghost, 271 sqq.
Grihya-Sutras, 163
Ground drawings in magical or religious ceremony, 112 sq.
Groves, sacred, the dead buried in, 326
Guadalcanar, one of the Solomon Islands, 350, 372
Guardian spirits, 227
Guiana, Indians of, their ideas as to the cause of death, 35 sqq.;
their offerings to the dead, 165
Gullet of pig sacrificed, 368
Gulu, king of heaven, 78
Gypsies, European, burial custom of, 455
Haddon, Dr. A. C., 171, 172 sq., 175, 176, 180
Hagen, Dr. B., 230, 231
Haida, burial custom of the, 455
Hair burnt as charm, 43;
cut in mourning, 135, 320, 451;
of widow unshorn, 184;
of dead child worn by mother, 315;
of gravediggers not cut, 327;
used as amulet, 332
—— of the dead, magical virtue attributed to, 137 sq.;
worn by relatives, 249;
divination by means of, 319
—— of mourners offered to the dead, 183;
cut off, 183, 204
Hakea flower totem, dramatic ceremony concerned with, 119, 121
Hands, gravediggers and persons who have handled a corpse not to touch food with their, 327, 450 sq.
Hanged, ghosts of the, specially feared, 212
Hare in myth of the origin of death, 65
Harumae, a warrior ghost, 365 sq.
Hasselt, J. L. van, 305
Hauri, a worshipful ghost, 372
Head-dress of gravediggers, 327
Head-hunters, 352
Head of corpse cut off in order to disable the ghost, 153;
removed and preserved, 178.
See also Skulls
Heads of mourners shaved, 208
——, human, cut off in honour of the dead, 352
Heaps of stones on grave, 360
Heart supposed to be the seat of human spirit, 129
—— of pig sacrificed, 368
Heavenly Dog, 460
Hebrew prophets, 14
Hen in myth of the origin of death, 79
Highlands of Scotland, burial custom in the, 453, 458
Hindoos, burial custom of the, 453, 458
Historical method of treating natural theology, 2 sq.
History of religion, its importance, 3
Hiyoyoa, the land of the dead, 207
Hole in the wall, dead carried out through a, 452 sqq.
Holy of Holies, 430, 431, 433, 437, 438
Homer on blood-drinking ghosts, 159
Homicides, precautions taken by, against the ghosts of their victims, 205 sq.;
purification of, 206;
honours bestowed on, in Fiji, 447 sq.
See also Manslayers
Homoeopathic magic, 288, 376
—— or imitative magic, 335, 336, 338
Honorary titles of homicides in Fiji, 447 sq.
Hood Peninsula of British New Guinea, 47, 202, 203
Hos of Togoland, their myth of the origin of death, 81 sqq.
Hose, Ch., and McDougall, W., quoted, 265 n., 417
Hottentots, their myth of the origin of death, 65;
burial custom of the, 454
House deserted after a death, 195, 196 n. 1, 248, 275, 349, 400;
deserted or destroyed after a death, 210;
dead buried in the, 236, 347, 352, 397, 398, 399;
dead carried out of, by special opening, 452 sqq.
Houses, native, at Kalo, 202;
communal, 304
Howitt, Dr. A. W., 44 sq., 139, 141
Human gods, 20, 23 sqq.
—— nature, two different views of, 469 sqq.
—— sacrifices to ghosts, 371 sq.;
in Fiji, 446 sq.
Hume's analysis of cause, 18 sq.
Hunt, Mr., his experience in Fiji, 423 sq.
Hunters supposed to be helped by ghosts, 274, 284 sq.
Huon Gulf, in German New Guinea, 242, 256
Hut built to represent mythical monster at initiation, 251, 290, 301 sq.
Huts erected on graves for use of ghosts, 150 sq.;
erected on graves, 203, 223, 248, 259, 275, 293, 294
Hypocritical lamentations at a death, 273
—— indignation of accomplice at a murder, 280 sqq.
Idu, mountain of the dead, 193, 194 sq.
Iguana in myth of origin of death, 70
Ilene, a worshipful ghost, 373
Ill-treatment of ghost who gives no help, 285
Illusion of the external world, 21
Images of the dead, wooden (korwar or karwar), 307 sqq., 311, 315, 316 sq., 321, 322;
of sharks, 373;
in temples, 442
Imitation of totems by disguised actors, 119 sqq.;
of totemic animals, 177
Imitative magic, 335, 336, 338, 376
Immortality, belief in, among the aborigines of Central Australia, 87 sqq.;
among the islanders of Torres Straits, 170 sqq.;
among the natives of British New Guinea, 190 sqq.;
among the natives of German New Guinea, 216 sqq.;
among the natives of Dutch New Guinea, 303 sqq.;
among the natives of Southern Melanesia, 324 sqq.;
among the natives of Central Melanesia, 343 sqq.;
among the natives of Northern Melanesia, 393 sqq.;
among the Fijians, 406 sqq.;
strongly held by savages, 468
Immortality, limited sense of, 25;
origin of belief in, 25 sqq.;
belief in human, almost universal among races of mankind, 33;
rivalry between men and animals for gift of, 74 sq.;
question of the truth of the belief in, 469 sqq.;
destruction of life and property entailed by the belief in, 468 sq.
—— in a bundle, 77 sq.
Impecunious ghosts, hard fate of, 406
Impurity, ceremonial, of manslayer, 229 sq.
Im Thurn, Sir Everard F., 38 sq.
Incantations or spells, 385
Inconsistencies and contradictions in reasoning not peculiar to savages, 111 sq.
Inconsistency of savage thought, 143
Indians of Guiana, their ideas about death, 35 sqq.;
their beliefs as to the dead, 165
—— of North-West America, burial custom of the, 455, 460
Indifference to death, 419;
a consequence of belief in immortality, 422 sq.
Indo-European burial custom, 453
Infanticide as cause of diminished population, 40
Influence of European teaching on native beliefs, 142 sq.
Initiation at puberty regarded as a process of death and resurrection, 254, 261
—— of young men, 233;
in Central Australia, 100;
among the Yabim, 250 sqq.;
among the Bukaua, 260 sq.;
among the Kai, 290 sq.;
in Fiji, 429 sqq.
Insanity, influence of, in history, 15 sq.
—— and inspiration not clearly distinguished, 388
Insect in divination as to cause of death, 44, 46
Inspiration, theory of, 14 sq.;
of medium by ancestral spirits, 308 sqq.;
by spirits of the dead, 322;
by ghosts in Central Melanesia, 388 sq.;
attested by frenzy, 443, 444 sq.
—— and insanity not clearly distinguished, 388
Insufflations, magical, to heal the sick, 329
Intichiuma, magical ceremonies for the multiplication of totems, 122 sq.
Intuition and experience, 11
Invocation of ghosts, 288 sq.;
of the dead, 329 sq., 332 sqq., 377, 378, 401, 441
Island, dead buried in, 319
—— of the dead, fabulous, 175
Islands, ghosts live in, 350, 353
Isle of Pines, 325, 330, 337
Israelites forbidden to cut themselves for the dead, 154
Ivory Coast, 52
Jackson, John, quoted, 419 sqq., 447
Jappen or Jobi, island, 303
Jawbone of husband worn by widow, 204;
lower, of corpse preserved, 234 sq., 236, 274;
of dead king of Uganda preserved and consulted oracularly, 235
Jawbones of the dead preserved, 351 sq.;
of dead worn by relatives, 404
Journey of ghosts to the land of the dead, 286 sq., 361 sq., 462 sqq.
Juices of putrefaction received by mourners on their bodies, 167, 205, 403
—— of putrefying corpse drunk by widow, 313;
drunk by women, 355
Kachins of Burma, burial custom of the, 459
Kafirs, their beliefs as to the causes of death, 56
Kagoro, the, of Northern Nigeria, 28 n. 1, 49
Kai, the, of German New Guinea, 71, 262 sqq.;
theory of the soul, 267
Kaikuzi, brother of Death, 80
Kaitish, the, 68, 158, 166
Kalo, in British New Guinea, 202 sq.
Kalou, Fijian word for "god," 440
Kalou vu, "root gods," 440
Kalou yalo, "soul gods," 440
Kami, the souls of the dead, 297 sq.
Kamilaroi tribe of New South Wales, 46, 155
Kanaima (kenaima), 36, 38
Kani, name applied to ghosts, to bull-roarers, and to the monster who is thought to swallow lads at circumcision, 301
Kaniet islands, 401
Kava offered to ancestral spirits, 440
Kavirondo, burial custom of the, 458
Kaya-Kaya or Tugeri, the, of Dutch New Guinea, 255
Kayans, the, of Borneo, 417;
burial custom of, 456 sq., 459
Kemp Welch River, 202
Keramo, a fighting ghost, 370
Keysser, Ch., 262, 263 sq., 267, 269 n. 3
Kibu, the land of the dead, 175
Kibuka, war-god of Uganda, 366
Kidd, Dudley, 55
Kidney-fat, extraction of, 43
Killer of Souls, the, 465 sq.
Killing a ghost, 415 sq.
King, mourning for a, 451 sq.
King's corpse not carried out through the door, 452, 461
Kings, divinity of, 16;
sanctity of Fijian, 407 sq.
Kintu and the origin of death, 78 sqq.
Kiwai, beliefs and customs concerning the dead in island of, 211 sqq.
Koita or Koitapu, of British New Guinea, 193
Kolosh Indians, 163
Komars, the, 163
Koroi, honorary title of homicides in Fiji, 447 sq.
Korwar, or karwar, wooden images of the dead, 307 sqq., 315, 316 sq., 321, 322
Koryak, burial custom of the, 455
Kosi and the origin of death, 76 sq.
Knowledge, natural, how acquired, 11
—— of God, how acquired, 11 sqq.;
of ghosts essential to medical practitioners in Melanesia, 384
Kulin, the, 138
Kurnai tribe of Victoria, 44, 138
Kweariburra tribe, 153
Kwod, sacred or ceremonial ground, 179
Lambert, Father, 325, 327, 328, 332, 339
Lamboam, the land of the dead, 260, 292, 299
Lamentations, hypocritical, at a death, 271 sqq., 280 sqq.
Land burial and sea burial, 347 sq.
—— cleared for cultivation, 238, 242 sq., 256, 262 sq., 304
—— ghosts and sea ghosts, 348
—— of the dead, 175 sq., 192, 193, 194 sq., 202, 203, 207, 209 sq., 211 sqq., 224, 228 sq., 244, 260, 286 sq., 292, 299, 305 sq., 307, 322, 326, 345, 350 sq., 353 sq., 404 sqq., 462 sqq.;
journeys of the living to the, 207, 355;
way to the, 212 sq., 462 sqq.
Landtman, Dr. G., 214
Lang, Andrew, 216 sq.
Laos, burial custom in, 459
Leaf as badge of a ghost, 391
Leaves thrown on scene of murder, 415
Leg bones of the dead preserved, 221, 249
Legs of corpse broken in order to disable the ghost, 153
Lehner, Stefan, 256
Lepchis of Sikhim, burial custom of the, 455
Le Souëf, A. A. C., 40 sq.
Libations to ancestral gods, 430, 438
Licence, period of, following circumcision, 427 sq.;
following initiation, 433, 434 n. 1, 436 sq.
Licentious orgy following circumcision, 427 sq.
Life in the other world like life in this, 286 sq.
Lightning, savage theory of, 19
Lights, phosphorescent, thought to be ghosts, 198, 258
Lime, powdered, used to dust the trail of a ghost, 277 sq.
Lio'a, a powerful ghost, 346
Liver extracted by magic, 50;
divination by, 54
Livers of pigs offered to the dead, 360 sq.
Lizard in divination as to cause of death, 44;
in myths of the origin of death, 60 sq., 70, 74 sq.
Lizards, ghosts in, 380
Local totem centres, 97, 99, 124
Long soul and short soul, 291 sq.
Lost souls, recovery of, 270 sq., 300 sq.
Luck, bad, in fishing and hunting, caused by ghosts, 197
Luck of a village dependent on ghosts, 198
Lum, men's clubhouse, 243, 250, 257