Duemichen, 385.

Duran, Friar, 26, 41, 56, 57, 58, 61, 71, 77, 78, 80, 88, 182, 241, 243, 245, 258, 282.

Eagle (quauhtli), associated with Cassiopeia;

title of Mexican war chief, 25, 167;

Eagle-woman, 60;

among the Incas, 156;

on bas-reliefs of Santa Lucia, Guatemala, 156, 157;

totem of one or more of the Incas, 157;

on bas-relief in City of Mexico, 157;

in arms of Mexico, 157;

symbol of Above among the Zuñi, 204;

symbol of state in Mexico and Central America, 295;

summary of use as symbol, 296.

Earth, or “The Below,” in ancient religion and symbolism;

in ancient Mexican and Maya cosmos;

in secret beliefs of Zuñi priests, 41;

female region, 42;

lord of, 45;

cult of, 54;

associated with woman, 60-655;

sacrifices to, 66;

Cihuacoatl, personification of, 76;

sacrifices to god of, 79;

in connection with human sacrifices, 91;

sacred rites, 97, 98;

in Zuñi ceremonies, 100;

in connection with cremation, 106;

symbol of, in use by California Indians, 106;

priestesses of, buried in caves, 107;

symbols of, 110;

associated with image of serpent, 111;

with angular form, 113;

composed of fire and water, 113;

on altar at Copan, 114;

associated with square form and bowl, 115;

flat-topped mitre worn by lord of, 116;

Chinese symbol, 118;

sacrifices 118;

tau upright, emblem of, 118, 119;

cult of, in Peru, 130, 133, 134, 135, 141, 142;

idea prevailed in Tiahuanaco, 166;

among the Muyscas, 171;

in calendar, 179;

in social organization, 180, 181;

associated with animal form, 184, 185;

color associated with, 192;

associated with female principle, 193;

votaries of, 195;

in Zuñi social system, 202, 203, 204;

priests of, represented without beards on sculptures at Copan and Quirigua, 231, 232;

moon symbol of cult, 267;

cultivation of maize, by daughter of, 276;

symbolized by quadruped, 282;

vase, emblem of, 283;

associated with square form, and darkness;

influence on primitive architecture and symbolism, 284;

flower used as symbol of, 284;

in China, 285, 288, 290, 307;

in Hindu religion, cult of Siva, 314;

in Persian religion, 325;

in Assyrian and Babylonia cult, 334, 336, 338, 339;

cult combined with that of Above practised in China at present time, 344;

Baal, Phœnician god of Earth, 351;

in Egypt, 381;

symbolized in Scandinavia by Thor's hammer, 474;

table of countries where traces of cult have been found, 480;

summary and conclusions, 544.

Earth-mother, represented by Cihuacoatl, 79;

pictured in Borgian Codex, 98;

Zuñi symbol of, 100, 200, 201

(see Earth or the Below, also Cihuacoatl).

Earth-work builders of the Ohio valley, 50, 199, 280.

Eddas, written by agricultural people, having knowledge of the fire-drill, axial rotation, etc., 502, 503.

Egypt, crux ansata, 119;

checker-board design;

basis of chess-board, 124;

civilization mainly Euphratean, 327;

explanations and illustrations of Egyptian symbols, 367-461;

color symbolism;

high development of pole-star worship;

territorial divisions, 368;

Four Quarters;

hieroglyph for capital or city, cross symbol with four divisions, 369, 371;

pyramid, and square form associated with earth, and round with sky, 371;

numerical divisions, 375;

seven-fold organization, centre, Polaris, 376;

calendar, 377, 378;

sky-goddess Nut, 378;

lotus flower symbol, 379;

Polaris, sphinx, pyramid, Middle, 379;

mummy, Polaris, 380, 383;

Ursa Major, used as a measurer of time, 384;

bull, used as astronomical sign of Ursa Major, king entitled “The Bull,” 385;

Amen-Ra, the supreme, dual god;

king associated with sun, and queen with moon, 389;

hawk-headed god, An, compared with Assyrian, Greek and Mexican gods of the circle or wheel, 401;

Egyptian queen analogous in position to Mexican Quilaztli, 428, 429;

festival of Tekhu, 439;

becomes a Roman province, 440;

cult of dual principles of nature, 441;

summary, 483;

the sacred and tribal tree, 499;

the symbolical use of the column, 513;

Aha-Mena, first historical ruler, was a builder, 532;

summary and conclusions, 544.

Faber, 516.

Fauna and flora of the tertiary period, in Old and New World, 476-479.

Feather, symbol of divinity (Mexican and Maya), 69, 70;

names signify something divine, 129;

Egyptian symbol, 390, 409, 410.

Feathered serpent, origin of use as symbol, 69;

effigies of in Mexico, 70;

used as rebus to express Supreme Being and his earthly representative, 208

(see also Serpent).

Feet of Chinese women, deformation of, 287.

Féjérvary Codex, 178, 187, 235, 250.

Ferlini, 427.

Fewkes, J. Walter, 130, 199, 200.

Figueredo, Padre Juan de, 164.

Finger and toe count=20: 175, 295, 296, 297.

Fire, sacred, Pleiades in connection with kindling, 53;

new, kindling of, 56;

festival of god of, 57;

earliest form under which deity was worshipped, 58, 64, 70;

in Peru, 83;

lighting of, by means of mirror, 83;

god of, associated with sceptre having gold disk, 87;

kindled on body of human victim, 91, 95;

lord of, 127, 128, 214;

feast of in Mexico, 240;

name of one of the four eras since the creation of the world, 253;

symbolical meaning of, 280;

means of producing in Mexico and India, 318;

in connection with cult of Polaris, 319;

worship of in India, 320, 321;

in Parsee religion, 326;

in Babylonia-Assyria, 362;

ceremonial rite, in ancient Egypt, 442;

at New Year festival in Scandinavia, 474;

(in Old World) sacred fire, fire-drill, fire-socket, fire-altars, lord of fire, 494-504, 519, 520, 521;

(in New World) sacred fire, fire-drill, fire-socket, fire-altar, fire-drill god, 504-509;

summary and conclusions, 544.

Five elements in China, 293, 301, 309;

in India and in Greece, 484, note.

Five-day periods, year divided into in Mexico, 292;

in Japan, 310.

Five-dot groups, idea of, 256;

on monolith “Divine Twin,” 260;

on coin found in island of Crete, 457;

on the cenotaph of king Midas, 459.

Fletcher, Alice C., 196, 511.

Flint, Earl, 195.

Flint knife, Tecpatl, in wrappings, symbol of earth-mother, used as sacrificial knife, 55, 56;

on head dress in B. N. MS., 57;

in connection with emblematic vase, 103;

sacred among the Hupa Indians of California, 105;

on sacrificial stone of Mexico, 258;

emblem of generation, 521

(see Tecpatl).