O
Oath as a means of securing performance of treaties, 551, 565
Observation, envoy's function of, 454, 455
Occupation of territory, 291-298
as a means of securing the performance of treaties, 566
conception of, 291
extent of, 295
how affected, 292
notification of, 294
object of, 292
Office central des transports internationaux, 517
Offices, international, 515-518
Official publications, 620
Oléron, Laws of, 56
Oliva, Peace Treaty of, 63
Omnia rex imperio possidet, singuli dominio, 283
Ompteda, 103
Open Sea, 315
ceremonials on, 326
claims to sovereignty over parts of, 316
collisions on, 333
conception of, 321
fisheries in the, 348-353
in time of war, 325
jurisdiction on, 329-339
legal order on, 324
navigation on, 326
neutralisation of parts, 325
piracy on, 339-348
powers of men-of-war over merchantmen on the, 335, 337
rationale for freedom of, 327
right of pursuit on, 336
shipwreck and distress on, 339
subsoil beneath the sea bed, 292, 357-361
telegraph cables in, 353-355
verification of flag on, 337
wireless telegraphy on the, 355-357
See also Vessel.
Operation of nature as a mode of losing territory, 312
Oppenheim, Heinrich Bernard, 96
Oppenheim, L., 104
Option:
loss of nationality through, 378
of inhabitants of ceded territory to retain their old citizenship, 290
Orange Free State, 304
Oregon Boundary dispute, 295
Ottoman law (1863), concerning protégés, 373
P
Pacta sunt servanda, 573
Pacta tertiis nee nocent nec prosunt, 563
Pactum de contrahendo, 546
Paladini, case of Salvatore, 408
Panama:
international position of the Republic, 182, 312
intervention in, 191
Pan-American Conferences, 72, 405, 517
Pando, 97
Panther, case of the, 219
Papal Nuncio. See Nuncio.
Par in parem non habet imperium, 169, 430, 460
Paris:
Convention for the protection of submarine telegraph cables, 354
Declaration of, 12, 68, 537, 569, 588
Peace Treaty of (1763), 64, 183, 314
Peace Treaty of (1856), 68, 190, 247, 268, 277, 325, 514, 549, 564, 575, 578
Peace Treaty of (1898), 72
Parkinson v. Potter, 467
Parlement Belge, case of the, 507
Parliaments, injurious attitude of, 216
Participation of third States in treaties:
accession, 568
adhesion, 569
good offices and mediation, 568
intervention, 568
Parties to treaties, 543-548
Parts of treaties, 552
Part-Sovereign States, 441
Passports:
dismissal of diplomatic envoys through delivery of, 455
of courier, 475
of diplomatic envoy, 448
Passport of vessels, 331
Peace Conferences at the Hague. See Hague.
Peace Treaty of:
Aix-la-Chapelle (1668), 62
Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), 64, 183
Carlowitz, 63
Christiania, 75
Copenhagen, 63
Hubertsburg, 64
Kainardgi (1774), 441
Kardis, 63
Munster, 241
Nymeguen, 62
Nystaedt, 63
Oliva, 63
(1856), 68, 190, 247, 268, 277, 325, 514, 549, 564, 575, 578
(1898), 72
Prague (1866), 364
Pyrenees, 62
Rastadt and Baden, 63
Roeskild, 63
Ryswick, 63
Seoul, 75
Shimonoseki, 72
Westminster (1674), 319
Pearl fishery off Ceylon and in the Persian Gulf, 348
Peary, Admiral, 292
Pelagic Sealing Conference, 352
Persia, international position of, 164
Persian Gulf, pearl fishery in the, 348
Persona grata of diplomatic envoy, 451
Personal supremacy:
consequences of, 178
definition of, 177
restrictions upon, 183
violations of, 179
Personal union of States, 133
Pertille, 96
Petit cabotage, 607
Pharmacopœial formulas, unification of, 622
Philip II. of Spain, 316
Philippine Islands, 72
Phillimore, Sir Robert, 94, 99
Phosphorus. See White phosphorus.
Phylloxera conventions, 618
Physically impossible obligations, 549
Pierantoni, 96
Pillau, alliance of, 551
Pinkney, American commissioner, 513
Pirata non mutat dominium, 346
Pirates:
jurisdiction over, 345
may be pursued into the territorial maritime belt, 346
Plague. See Sanitary Conventions.
Platen-Hallermund, case of Count, 306
Plebiscite concerning cession of territory, 289, 364
Pleins pouvoirs, 447
Podiebrad, 58
Poelitz, 96
Poland, 566
Polish revolution (1830), 413
Political agents:
public, 509
secret, 510
spies, 510
Political crime, conception of, 414-421
Political criminals, non-extradition of, 411-422
Pollicitations, 546
Polson, Archer, 94
Pope, position of the, 70, 157-162. See also Holy See.
Port Arthur leased to Russia, 233, 288
Porto Rico, 72
Portugal:
her claims to parts of the Open Sea, 316
international position of, 77
passage of troops through territory of, 280
republic proclaimed in, 76
Position:
of armed forces abroad, 501
of consuls, 493
of diplomatic envoys, 455
of diplomatic envoys as regards third States, 469
Postal Union, Universal, 516
Powers of men-of-war over merchantmen of all nations, 335, 337
Prague, Peace Treaty of (1866), 364
Precedence among envoys, 444
Predicates of heads of States, 174
Prescription, 308-311
Presidents of republics:
not sovereigns, 433
position of, 434
Private International Law:
conception of, 4
Hague Conventions concerning, 623, 624
Privateering abolished by Declaration of Paris, 69, 588
Privileges of:
consuls, 494
couriers, 475
diplomatic envoys, 456
judges of the Prize Court, 522
members of legation, 473
members of the Tribunal of the Court of Arbitration, 521
Proconsul, 487
Projectiles, Convention concerning, 594
Protection, treaties of, 604
Protection:
envoy's function of, 454
of citizens abroad, 371, 372, 396, 492
Protectorate, 144
Protectorate as precursor of occupation, 296
Protégés, 371
Protest as an international transaction, 538
Protestant States, 449
Prussia becomes a Great Power, 64
Pseudo-guarantees, 602
Publications, official, 620
Public Health, international office of, 518, 621
Public political agents, 509
Punctationes, 546
Pursuit into the Open Sea, right of, 336
Pyrenees, Peace of the, 62
Q
Quabbe, 604
Quidquid est in territorio est etiam de territorio, 178, 231
Qui in territorio meo est, etiam meus subditus est, 231
R
Rachel, 90
Radiotelegraphy, 236
office of, 516
on the Open Sea, 355
Radiotelegraphic Convention, 355
Union, 614
Railway transports and freights, Union concerning, 614
Office of, 517
Rank of States, 171
Rastadt and Baden, Peace Treaty of, 63
Ratification of treaties:
by whom effected, 558
conception of, 553
effect of, 561
form of, 557
not absolutely necessary, 554
not to be partial or conditional, 559
rationale for, 554
refusal of, 556
space of time for, 555
Rationale for the freedom of the Open Sea, 327
Real Union of States, 123, 131, 134
Rebus sic stantibus, clause of, 280, 573-574
Recall of diplomatic envoys, 477
Reception of diplomatic envoys, 449, 451, 452
Reception of aliens:
may be received conditionally only, 392
no obligation to receive aliens, 390
Recognition:
of a change in the form of government, 120
of a change in the title of a State, 121, 173
of a new head of a State, 425
of a State through appointment of consul, 489
of States, 116-121
of insurgents as a belligerent Power, 119
Reconduction of foreigners, 402
Reconfirmation of treaties, 581
Recousse, droit de, 347
Red Indians, 35
Redintegration, acquisition of nationality by, 376
Redintegration of treaties, 581
Regents, 432
Registration of Aliens, Act for the, 398
Reign of Terror, 412
Release, loss of nationality through, 378
Religious disabilities, 364, 368
in Roumania, 388
Renewal of treaties, 580
Renunciation as an international transaction, 539
Renunciation of a treaty, 571
Renvoi, droit de, 402
Reprisals, 396
Republics:
American, 624
Italian, 438
Negro, 32
Rescission of treaties, 571
Res extra commercium, 323
Residents, 445
Responsales, 437
Responsibility of States, 206-225
for acts of courts of justice, 216
for acts of diplomatic envoys, 215
for acts of heads of States, 214
for acts of insurgents and rioters, 222
for acts of members of Governments, 215
for acts of officials and military forces, 218
for acts of Parliaments, 216
for acts of private individuals, 221
Res transit cum suo onere, 128, 288
Retinue of diplomatic envoys, 472-475
of monarchs abroad, 430
Revenue Laws, 261
Revolt as a mode of losing territory, 312
Rhine, the river, 241
Rhodian laws, 56
Ricci-Busatti, 104
Right:
of chapel, 467
of contiguity, 295
of legation, 440
of protection over citizens abroad, 395, 400
of pursuit on the sea, 336
Right of legation:
by whom exercised, 442
conception, 440
not possessed by a revolutionary party recognised as a belligerent Power, 442
what States possess the, 441
Rights of mankind, 35, 367, 369
Rights of Nations, Declaration of, 35, 65
Rioters, règlement of the Institute of International Law concerning Acts of, 224
Ripperda, case of the Duke of, 461
Riquelme, 97
Rivers, 239
abandoned beds of, 302
international, 240
South American, 242
utilisation of the flow of, 243
See also Navigation.
Roeskild, Peace Treaty of, 63
Rolin, 103
Roman Catholic Church, 8
Roman Law, 283
Romans, their rules for international relations, 50
Rome, Congress at, 613
Ross, case of Bishop, 443
Roumania:
Convention of 1877 with Russia, 597
independence of, 71;
restricted, 183
treatment of Jews in, 388
Rousseau, J. J., 113
Rousset, 102
Royal honours, States enjoying, 172
Russian Ambassador, case of, 457
Rutherford, 90
Rymer, 102
Ryswick, Peace Treaty of, 63