L

Lado Enclave, leased to Congo Free State, 234

Laibach, Congress of, 67

Lakes, 245

Landlocked seas, 245

Language of diplomacy, 439

Law of Guaranty, the Italian, 158

Law of Nations. See International Law.

Law of Nature, 86

Law-making treaties, 23, 541, 587-595

Lawrence, 94, 100

Lease of territory, 233, 288

Lebanon, the, 357

Le Droit d'Auteur, 517

Legation:

combined, 448

institution of, 435, 438

members of, 472-475

papers of the, 478

right of, 440

Legati a latere or de latere, 444

Leges Wisbuenses, 56

Legitimacy, doctrine of, 67

Legnano, 84

Leibnitz, 102

Lèse-majesté, 413, 415

Letters:

of credence, 447, 476, 477, 479, 509

of marque, 341, 342

of recall, 477

of recommendation, 509, 510

Lettre:

de créance, 447

de provision, 477

de récréance, 477

Levi, Leone, 37, 94

Liberia, 32

Lichtenstein, neither sends nor receives permanent diplomatic envoys, 449

Lieber, 36

Lincoln, assassination of, 418, 420

Liquor Traffic among North Sea Fishermen, Convention concerning, 351

Liszt, 96, 101

Literature, Union for the protection of works of, 516, 615

Log-book, 331

Locke, John, 112

Lombardy, ceded in 1859 by Austria to France, 288

Lomonaco, 96

London:

Conference of (1871), 70, 575

Convention of (1841), 268

Convention of (1884), 181

Convention of (1901), concerning fisheries, 353

Declaration of, 78, 343, 537, 538, 560, 585, 595

Declaration of, concerning Egypt and Morocco, 249

Naval Conference of, 38, 39, 43, 78, 595

Treaty (1831), 588

Treaty (1840), 555

Treaty (1841), 268, 368

Treaty (1867), 589

Treaty (1871), 247, 269, 325

Treaty (1883), 514, 587

Treaty (1906), 76, 156

Treaty (1908-9), 38

Lorenzelli, 160

Lorimer, James, 94, 100

Lorraine, 291

Loss of territory, 311

Louis XI. of France, 111

Louisiana boundary dispute, 295

Louter, De, 97

L'Union Postale, 516

Luxemburg, neutralisation of, 152, 289, 590

Lymoon Pass, 266

M

Macartney v. Garbutt, 450, 467

Mackintosh, Sir James, 412

McGregor, adventurer, 186

McLeod, case of, 501

Madagascar, annexed by France, 147, 539

Madison, J., 115

Magellan, Straits of, 267, 564

Maine, Sir Henry Sumner, 94

Maine, the river, 241

Mancini, 36

Manifest of cargo, 331

Mankind, rights of, 35, 367

Manning, 94, 98

Mardyck, port of, 583

Mare clausum, 318

Mare liberum, 318

Marini, Antoine, 58

Marino, international position of San, 146

Maritime belt, 255-261

Maritime ceremonials, 176, 258, 317, 326

Maritime Conference:

of London, 38, 39, 43, 78, 595

of Washington, 333

of Brussels, 333, 339

Maritime Conventions Bill, 333, 339

Maritime office at Zanzibar, 517

Marmora Sea, 321

Martens, Charles de, 92

Martens, F. von, 97, 100

Martens, G. F. von, 91, 102, 320

Mary, Queen, 317

Matzen, 97

Maxey, 95, 101

Means of securing performance of treaties: 565

guarantee, 567

hostages, 566

oaths, 565

occupation of territory, 566

pledge, 566

Measures. See Weights and Measures.

Mediation, 189, 568

Mediterranean, maintenance of status quo in the, 603

Mehemet Ali, 555

Mendoza, Spanish Ambassador, 318

case of, 459

Men-of-war:

admittance to maritime belt, 260

admittance to gulfs, 265

admittance to straits, 267

excluded from the Bosphorus, 268

in foreign waters, 504

in revolt, 504

on the Open Sea, 325, 326

position in foreign waters, 235, 506

position of crew on land abroad, 508

proof of character, 505

powers over merchantmen, 335, 337

shipwrecked, 504

Merchantmen. See Merchant ships and Navigation.

Merchant Shipping Act (1873), 333

Merchant Shipping Act (1894), 330, 331, 332, 333, 337

Merchant ships, conversion into war ships, 593

Merger of States, 124, 127, 372

Mérignhac, 95

Metternich, Prince, 249

Metric system, Convention concerning, 619

Meunier, case of, 415

Meuse, the, 241

Mines:

Convention concerning, 593

in the subsoil of the sea bed, 357

Ministers Plenipotentiary, 445

Ministers Resident, 445, 588

Miruss, 103

Mixed Commission of the Danube, 514

Mohammedan States, 30, 154

Mohl, 103

Moldavia, 441

Monaco, international position of, 146

Monaldeschi, case of, 431

Monarchs:

acts of violence committed by foreign, 431

consideration due to, 429

deposed or abdicated, 432

exterritoriality of, 430

in the service of, or subjects of, foreign Powers, 432

position of wife of, 430, 431

residence of, 430

retinue of, abroad, 431

sovereignty of, 428

travelling incognito, 431

Monetary Conventions, 619

Monetary Conference, International, 619

Monroe Doctrine, 67, 196

Montagnini, case of, 160

Montenegro:

independence of, 71;

restricted, 183

restricted to a commercial flag only, 327

Monti, case of Marquis de, 472

Moore, 95, 101

Moors in Gibraltar, 278

Moray Firth, case of the, 264

Moresnet, 232, 273

Morocco:

independence of, 75, 156, 164

protection of natives by foreign Powers, 372

treaties of (1863 and 1880), 373

Mortensen v. Peters, case of, 264

Moselle, the river, 241

Moser, 91

Most-favoured-nation clause, 563, 585, 606, 610

Motor vehicles, circulation of, 615

Motor Car (International Circulation) Act, 615

Mulhouse merged in 1798 in France, 287

Municipal Law:

in conflict with treaty obligations, 578

not identical with law in general, 9, 14

relations between International and Municipal Law, 25

respecting offences against foreign States, 222

Murdered rulers, 418, 420

Muscat Convention, 373

Muscat Dhows, case of the, 372

Muster Roll, 331

Mutinous crew, 343

N

Names of vessels, 332, 350

Napoleon I., 65, 183

Napoleon III., 416, 470

Narrow Seas:

sovereignty of Great Britain over the, 266, 316

Nassau, subjugation of, 304

National. See Citizen.

Nationality:

absent, 383, 387

acquisition of, 306, 374

conception of, 369

difficulties arising from double and absent nationalities, 388

double, 383, 384

function of, 370

loss of, 377

principle of, 68, 81

the link between individuals and International Law, 366

Natural boundaries, 270

Natural boundaries sensu politico, 273

Naturalisation Acts, British, 377, 381, 382, 383

Naturalisation in Great Britain, 382

Naturalisation:

acquisition of nationality by, 375

conception of, 379

conditions of, 380

loss of nationality through, 378, 381

object of, 380

through grant on application, 376

Naturalists, the, 89

Naval Conference of London, 38, 39, 43, 78, 595

Naval war code of the United States, 38

Navigation:

Commissions in the interest of, 513

in gulfs and bays, 265

in straits, 266

in the Suez Canal, 513, 514

on rivers, 240-243, 588

on the Congo, 514

on the Danube, 513

on the Open Sea, 319, 324

supervised by consuls, 491

through the Straits of Magellan, 267

within and through the maritime belt, 259, 326

See also Open Sea.

Navigation Act, 607

Neckar, river, 241

Negotiation:

by whom conducted, 531

conception of, 529

end and effect of, 532

envoy's function of, 453

form of, 531

parties to, 529

purpose of, 530

Negro Republics, 32

Nemo plus juris transferre potest, quam ipse habet, 288

Nemo potest exuere patriam, 381

Ne quis invitus civitate mutetur, neve in civitate maneat invitus, 381

Netherlands, revolt of, 312

Neutralisation of the Black Sea, 575

Neutralised States, 147-154

as regards State servitudes, 278

cannot cede territory without consent of the Powers, 286

can be parties to defensive alliances, 597

Neutral Powers in Naval War, Convention concerning the rights and duties of, 594

Newfoundland fishery dispute, 278

New Hebrides, international position of, 232

Niemeyer, 103

Niger, river, 242

Night work of women, Convention for the prohibition of, 618

Nikitschenhow, case of, 463

Nillins, case of, 407

Non-Christian States, 154-156

Non-extradition:

Attentat clause of, 416, 421

principle of, 411-422

rationale for, 418

Russian proposal concerning, 416, 421

Swiss solution of, 417, 421

North Atlantic coast fisheries, case of, 275, 276, 278

North Channel, 266

North Pole, 292

North Sea fisheries, 337, 349

Convention for the regulation of, 349

North Sea:

hydrographic and biologic investigation of, 626

maintenance of status quo in the, 603

Norway, international position of, 75

Notarial functions:

of consuls, 492

of diplomatic envoys, 454

Notification:

as an international transaction, 537

of a change in the headship of a State, 425

of occupation, 294

Nuncios, 444

Nymeguen, Treaty of, 62

Nys, 97, 101, 103

Nystaedt, Treaty of, 63