Behaim, Martin, astronomer, 367.
Bekashoth ha-Memin, poem by Yedaya Bedaresi, 43.
Belgium, Jews of, persecuted, 112.
Bellieta, tortured on the charge of poisoning, 104.
Belmonte, Jacob Israel, Marrano poet, 665.
Belvedere, the Nassi palace, 597.
printing-press at, 628.
Ben Adret. See Solomon ben Abraham ben Adret.
Benavente, Jews of, baptized, 205.
Benedict XII, pope, friendly to Jews, 99.
Benedict XIII (Pedro de Luna), anti-pope, 200, 228, 239, 655.
at Peñiscola, 217.
at the Tortosa disputation, 210–213.
favors Paul Burgensis, 184, 190.
issues a bull against the Jews, 215–216.
plans the conversion of the Jews, 207.
Benevento, Inquisition at, 385.
Benfelden, council of, declares Jews outlaws, 107.
Benjamin, friend of Immanuel Romi, 68.
Benjamin, of Tudela, alluded to, 127.
Benveniste, Abraham, Senior (Coronel), tithe-collector, accepts Christianity, 351.
convenes a synod, 229.
friend of Isaac Abrabanel, 341.
holds office in Castile, 228.
negotiates a royal marriage, 280.
Benveniste, Judah, center of the Salonica community, 405.
Benveniste, family of Gracia Mendesia, 571.
Berab, Jacob, rabbi in northern Africa, 390, 393, 418.
revives ordination, 531–536.
Berber princes, tolerance of, 197.
Berlin, Jews of, persecuted, 652.
Bernaldez, Andreas, quoted, 349.
Bernard, of Siena, master of John of Capistrano, 257.
Bernardinus, of Feltre, hostile to Jews, 295–299.
Bernardo instigates Lisbon against Marranos, 487.
Berne, Jews of, tortured, 104–105.
Berthold, bishop, hostile to Jews, 107.
Beth Israel, third synagogue in Amsterdam, 680.
Beth Jacob, first synagogue in Amsterdam, 667, 671.
Beya, de, Abraham, Portuguese traveler, 368.
Béziers, Jews of, expelled, 48.
Bibago, Abraham, employed by John II, of Aragon, 275.
Bible, the, allegorized, 23.
Christian doctrines in, 141–142.
commentary on, 70.
concordance of, 234–235.
Karaite interpretation of, 269.
polyglot, 651.
slandered, 547.
studied by Portuguese Marranos, 485.
studied in Spain, 91, 231.
study of, cultivated, 474–476.
translations of, 475, 576, 647.
translations not authoritative, 237.
Black Death, the, alluded to, 111, 112, 113, 127, 133, 135, 172.
attributed to the Jews, 100–106.
Black Prince, the, and the civil war in Castile, 124, 125.
Blanis, de, Judah (Laudadeus), physician at Perugia, 411.
Blanche de Bourbon, wife of Pedro the Cruel, 116–117, 121, 122.
Blandrata, religious reformer, 647.
Blood-accusation, 223, 227, 261–262, 298, 642.
by Eck, 547.
forbidden in Poland, 264–265.
See also Accusation of child-murder.
Boabdil, last king of Granada, 345.
Bohemia, Jews of, banished, 544–545.
pay a war-tax, 703.
persecuted, 98, 165–166.
privileges of, extended, 707.
Boleslav Pius, duke of Kalish, friendly to Jews, 111, 263.
Bologna, Jewish printing-house in, 289.
Jews of, tried, 590–591.
synod held at, 218, 219.
Bomberg, Daniel, of Antwerp, publishes the Babylonian Talmud, 468.
the Old Testament, 476.
Bonafoux, Vidal, partisan of Abba-Mari, 28.
Bonastruc, Isaac, and Jewish immigrants in Algiers, 199.
Bonfed. See Solomon ben Reuben Bonfed.
Boniface VIII, pope, alluded to, 144.
Boniface IX, pope, forbids forcible conversions, 173.
Bordeaux, Jews of, perish, 56.
Borgia, cardinal. See Alexander VI.
Botarel, Moses, Messianic pretensions of, 197.
"Bow and Buckler," controversial work, 238.
Brahe, de, Tycho, alluded to, 638.
Brandenburg, Jews of, accused, 439–440.
persecuted, 652.
Brazil, Jews settle in, 693.
Breslau, Jews of, accused of child-murder, 261–263.
annihilated, 109.
Broussa, Spanish exiles in, 405.
Bruna, Israel, rabbi of Ratisbon, 300, 302–304.
Brünn, Jews of, banished, 263.
Brunswick, Jews of, expelled, 652.
Brussels, Jews of, killed, 112.
Jews settle in, 662.
Budny, Simon, founder of a Christian sect, 647.
Buen-Giorno, David Bonet, and Profiat Duran, 188–190.
Bugia, Spanish exiles flee to, 361.
Buja, Jews settle in, 197.
Bull (papal) against Jewish emigration to Palestine, 274.
based on Innocent IV's, 165.
by Benedict XIII, 215–216.
by Clement VI, 173.
by Clement VII, 507–508, 515, 516.
by Clement VIII, 671.
by Eugenius IV, 250–252.
by Gregory XIII, 654.
by Julius III, 565.
by Martin V, 219–220, 226–227.
by Nicholas V, 253, 254, 287.
by Paul III, 516, 520, 526.
by Paul V, 566.
by Pius IV, 588, 589.
by Pius V, 591–592.
by Sixtus IV, 311, 319, 321, 322, 323.
by Sixtus V, 655–656, 658.
Burgos, cortes of, hostile to Jews, 52, 124, 229.
Burgos, Jews of, and Pedro the Cruel, 123, 124.
baptized, 205.
persecuted, 170.
Burgos, religious disputation at, 140.
Busche, von, Hermann, alluded to, 456.
Byron, quoted, 127.
Byzantine Empire, rottenness of, 267.
toleration of, 285.
Caballeria, de, Alfonso, opposes the Inquisition, 329.
Cabrera, governor of the Alcazar of Segovia, 283.
Cadiz, Marrano victims of the Inquisition in, 317.
Marranos take refuge in, 313.
siege of, 665.
Cairo, Jews of, attacked, 396.
Karaite stronghold, 71.
Calabrese, Chayim Vital, Kabbalist, 618, 623.
Messianic claims of, 625.
Calatayud, conversions in, 214.
Calatrava, Grand Master of, executed, 118.
Calixtus, pope, alluded to, 275.
"Calumniator, The," sobriquet of Geronimo de Santa Fé, 217.
Campanton, Isaac ben Jacob, Talmudist, 230.
Campeggio, cardinal, opposes the Portuguese Inquisition, 514–515.
Candia, Spanish exiles in, 363–364, 406.
Cantori, dei, Joshua, hostile to the Talmud, 583.
Capistrano. See John of Capistrano.
Capnion. See Reuchlin, John.
Capron, Ruy, alluded to, 278.
Caraffa, Pietro. See Paul IV.
Çarça, Samuel, quoted, 137.
writes a commentary, 144.
Cardozo, Elihu Aboab, erects a synagogue at Hamburg, 689.
Caro, Isaac ben Joseph, victim of Portuguese persecution, 378.
Carpentras, Jews of, protected, 177.
Carrion, Jews of, persecuted, 170.
Casimir III, of Poland (the Great), favors the Jews, 111–112, 263.
Casimir IV, of Poland, bestows privileges upon the Jews, 263–265, 419.
revokes the privileges of the Jews, 266.
Caspe, Jews of, converted, 214.
Castel-Branco, de, João Rodrigo. See Lusitanus, Amatus.
Castile, center of Jewish culture, 75.
civil war in, 118–119, 123–126.
cortes of, hostile to Jews, 229.
deficient in Jewish scholars, 86, 139–140.
Castile, Jews of, accused of proselytizing, 157.
admitted to public employment, 228–229.
appoint their own alcaldes, 116.
attached to Pedro the Cruel, 114, 123, 124, 125, 137.
baptized, 137, 205.
deprived of criminal jurisdiction, 157.
enjoy peace, 53, 113, 274–275.
hated, 138–139.
invested with criminal jurisdiction, 155.
partisans of Maria de Padilla, 117.
prominent at court, 51–53, 75–76, 84, 115–116, 138.
suffer during the civil war, 125, 136–137.
take part in debates, 140.
threatened, 84–86.
under Alfonso XI, 75–76.
under Henry III, 193.
under Juan II, 194, 251–253.
under Maria de Molina, 52.
under restrictions, 52, 139, 158, 203–204, 250, 278.
usurers, 80.
See also Spain.
Castile, Marranos of, 309.
Castro, de, Abraham, master of the Egyptian mint, 393, 395.
Castro, de, Moses, rabbi at Jerusalem, 534, 535.
Castro, de, Rodrigo, Marrano physician, 686–687, 688.
Catalina, of Castile, 217, 228, 275.
lays restrictions upon the Jews, 203–204.
relaxes the anti-Jewish laws, 205.
Catalina, of Lancaster, regent for Juan II, of Castile, 193–194.
Catalonia, Jews of, invested with criminal jurisdiction, 155.
loyal to their faith, 215.
persecuted, 102–103, 112–113, 172.
"Catalonian grandees," 153.
Catechumens maintained by Jews, 566.
Catherine de Medici, and the Polish election, 604.
alluded to, 598.
Catherine, of Portugal, hostile to Marranos, 489.
Catholic reaction, the, 650–651.
Cathunho, Isaac, Jewish official at Recife, 693.
Censorship of the press, 562–563.
Censorship of the Talmud, 658, 659–660.
Cervera, Jews of, attacked, 94, 103.
Cesis, cardinal, opposes the Portuguese Inquisition, 514–515.
Chabib, Levi ben Jacob, rabbi of Jerusalem, 378, 532–536.
and Jacob Berab, 533–536.
Chacon, of Vitoria, employed by Henry IV of Castile, 275.
"Chain of Tradition, The," by Gedalya Ibn-Yachya, 616.
Chaldee, language of the Zohar, 12.
Chambéry, center for the supposed Black Death poisoners, 102.
Chanceller, assistant of Ar-Rabbi Mor, 159.
Chanina, Ishmael, rabbi of Bologna, 591.
Charisi, as a character in Immanuel Romi's works, 67.
translator of Maimuni, 61.
Charles IV, emperor, 164, 695.
and the Jews of Nuremberg, 110.
and the Jews of Worms, 108.
grants "servi cameræ" to electors, 128.
protects Jews, 106.
punishes murderers of Jews, 109.
Charles V, emperor, and Clement VII, 492.
and Luther, 469.
and the Jews of Naples, 543–544.
and the Jews of the Netherlands, 661–662.
and the Portuguese Inquisition, 507, 509, 517–518.
crowned emperor of Rome, 503.
favored by Humanists, 468.
has Molcho burnt, 510–511.
hostile to Marranos, 484.
in debt to the Mendes family, 572.
opposes Paul III, 526.
opposes Reuchlin, 464.
renews the privileges of the Jews, 547.
Charles IV, of France, alluded to, 77.
Charles V, of France, 150.
and the Jews, 129, 131, 132, 133.
Charles VI, of France, and the Jews, 174, 176.
Charles VII, of France, 373.
protects the Jews, 152.
Charles VIII, of France, alluded to, 360.
Charles IX, of France, alluded to, 604.
Charles III, of Navarre, alluded to, 184.
Chasdaï ben Abraham Crescas, philosopher, 145–147, 149, 172, 208, 230, 239, 342.
appealed to, 150, 153.
articles of faith by, 193.
attacked by Paul Burgensis, 185.
describes the persecution of 1391, 172.
his view of life, 240.
imprisoned, 150, 155.
independence of, 146, 192.
philosophical work of, translated, 235.
philosophy of, 191–193.
treats of Christian doctrines, 187–188.
Chasdaï ben Solomon, 162.
denounces Chayim ben Gallipapa, 149.
Chastelard, Jews of, tortured, 104.
Chatel, Jews of, imprisoned, 103–104.
Chayim ben Gallipapa, rabbi, 148–150.
Chayim, of Landshut, appoints Judenmeister, 227.
Chayyat, Judah ben Jacob, Kabbalist, 481.
describes the sufferings of the Portuguese exiles, 369–370.
Chemnitz, Dr., and the Jews of Worms, 698–699.
Chendali, Elias, husband of Esther Kiera, 629.
Chesheb-Efod, history by Profiat Duran, 191.
Chiddush, Talmudic term, 641.
Chillon, Jews of, imprisoned, 103–104.
confessions of, 108.
Chilluk, Talmudic term, 641.
Chinon, college of, dispersed, 48.
Jews of, persecuted, 57–58.
Christian IV, of Denmark, and the Jews, 675, 692.
Chronologies used by Jews, 394–395.
Clement VI, pope, and Gersonides, 94, 103.
forbids forcible conversions, 173.
protects the Jews, 103, 105.
Clement VII, pope, 407.
and Molcho, 503, 507.
and the Portuguese Inquisition, 507–509, 513–514.
death, 515.
permits Marranos at Ancona, 500.
quoted, 513–514.
receives David Reubeni, 492–493.
Clement VIII, pope, and Portuguese Marranos, 528, 671.
expels the Jews, 659.
Clemente, Philip, opposes the Inquisition, 329.
Cleve, von, Eberhard, in the Reuchlin quarrel, 465–466.
Closener, of Strasburg, historian, quoted, 106.
Cohen, Aaron, describes the sufferings of French exiles, 49.
Cohen, Daniel, scholar, 405.
Cohen, Gershon (Soncinus), printer at Prague, 418.
Cohen, Joseph ben Joshua, of Genoa, historian, 555–557, 608.
his chronicle, 555, 556, 557, 561.
on Molcho, 511.
Cohen, Joshua Falk, president of the Polish synod, 645, 703.
Cohen, Moses, de Tordesillas, controversialist, 141–142.
Cohen, Perachyah, physician, 405.
Cohen, Saul (Ashkenasi), disciple of Elias del Medigo, 293, 386.
Hebrew style of, 389.
Cohen, Saul Astruc, physician, 198, 199.
Coimbra, Inquisition at, 508.
Colleges, Jewish, in France, 48. See also Educational institutions.
"Collegium Germanicum," propagandist seminary, 654.
"Colloquium Middelburgense," controversial work, 691.
Colmar, Jews of, banished, 416.
Cologne, authorities of, defend the Jews, 105–106, 108.
Jews of, expelled, 227, 413.
seat of Dominicans, 424.
See Chapter XIV.
Columbus, alluded to, 368.
"Concerning the Jews and their Lies," pamphlet by Luther, 548–549.
Confiscation of Hebrew books, 437–438, 439, 441, 444.
advised by Luther, 550.
by Pfefferkorn, 429–431.
in Cremona, 582–583.
in Prague, 584–585.
in the Papal States, 565, 567.
under Gregory XIII, 654.
under Sixtus V, 657–658.