The History of Pottery, Volume 1 by Henry Beauchamp Walters, a Project Gutenberg eBook

462. Cf. B.M. E 534–37, 548–53; also Stackelberg, Gräber der Hellenen, pl. 17. Fig. 15 is from the vase F 101 in the British Museum.

463. Cf. B.M. F 457–66.

465. E.g. B.M. E 494. See also Chapter XV.

466. See Schol. in Ar. Ran. 218, and J.H.S. xx. p. 110 ff.

467. For explanation and parallels see Frazer, Golden Bough, ii. p. 119 ff.

468. Raoul-Rochette in Revue Archéol. viii. (1851), p. 112: see also Theocr. xv. 113 ff.

469. Revue Archéol. l.c. p. 118; Mart. xi. 19; Pliny, H.N. xix. 59.

470. Hist. Plant. vi. 7.

471. Pernice in Jahrbuch, 1899, p. 60 ff. He would also regard the so-called σμηματοθήκη (see p. 198) as a vase of this class; but this seems much more doubtful. See also p. 167, under πλημοχόη.

472. Cf. Böhlau, Ion. u. Ital. Nekrop. p. 39; Berlin 1108.

473. Pernice’s arguments have been directly impugned by Kouroniotes in Ἐφ. Ἀρχ. 1899, p. 233, and by Robinson in Boston Mus. Report, p. 73; and it certainly seems more probable that metal vessels would have been used for this purpose; moreover, the form of the θυμιατήριον is well known. But he has personally assured the present writer that the clay κώθωνες show traces internally of the use of fire.

474. Reinach, i. 235 = Naples 3255.

476. Adv. Leoch. 1086, 1089.

477. Cf. B.M. Cat. of Sculpture, i. p. 297.

478. See note on p. 132 above. The custom seems to have been specially in favour in the fourth century B.C.

479. E.g. B.M. D 65, 70–1; J.H.S. xix. pl. 2. On the subject generally, see ibid. p. 169 ff.

480. Fig. 20 = F 93, a Lucanian hydria in the British Museum, is a very fine instance, several of the vases being represented with painted subjects. Among them is a Panathenaic amphora (see above, p. 132), on which is depicted a chariot-race.

481. Il. xxiii. 253.

482. Q. Smyrn. iii. 737.

483. It no doubt suggested Tennyson’s “Two handfuls of white dust, shut in an urn of brass.” Cf. l. 1142 (κήτει).

484. Brit. School Annual, 1901–2, pls. 18–19, p. 298; Mon. Antichi, i. p. 201, pls. 1–2.

485. B 130: see also p. 46.

486. No. 2422 = Furtwaengler and Reichhold, pl. 34.

487. E 811: see for other instances, Jahn, Vasensamml. zu München, p. lxxxv, note 600, and p. 39 above.

488. Cat. of Terracottas, C 12.

489. Mr. J. L. Myres, on opening a tomb at Amathus, in Cyprus, in 1894, found jugs, bowls, and other kinds of vases ranged round the body, like a dinner-service set out on a table.

490. A good instance is the Python krater in the British Museum (F 149), one of the handles of which has been repaired with lead. See also Jahn, Vasens. zu München, p. ci, note 731; B.M. B 607, B 608, E 106; Berlin 1768.

491. Gerhard, Auserl. Vasenb. ii. 145 = Reinach, ii. 75.

492. Rev. Arch. iii. (1904), p. 50.

493. Juvenal, xiv. 308.

495. The use of this form of vase is further illustrated by the hydrophoria-scenes on B.F. vases, in which it constantly occurs. See below, p. 166.

496. B.M. A 1054, B 450; Boeckh, C.I.G. i. 545.

497. See Chapter XVII., where examples are given.

498. Cf. also Bk. v. 198 ff.

500. Recherches sur les véritables Noms des Vases Grecs, Paris, 1829.

501. Observations sur les Noms des Vases Grecs, etc., Paris, 1833, and Supplément, 1837–38.

502. Rapporto Volcente in Ann. dell’ Inst. 1831, p. 221 ff.; and in criticism of Letronne, Berlins ant. Bildwerke, i. p. 342 ff., and Ann. dell’ Inst. 1836, p. 147 ff.

503. Handbuch d. Archäol. § 298–301.

504. Ueber die hellenischen bemalten Vasen, Munich, 1844.

505. De Nominibus Vasorum Graecorum, Kopenhagen, 1844. This work is very useful for its exhaustive references to classical literature. It is also critically up to the mark.

506. Angeiologie, Halle, 1854.

507. Vasensamml. zu München, p. lxxxvi ff. (1854).

508. There are some very useful articles in Daremberg and Saglio’s Dictionnaire under the respective headings, so far as the work has appeared (down to M in 1904).

509. Cf. also xi. 462 D.

510. Pliny (H.N. iii. 82) states that the island of Pithecusa (the modern Ischia) was so called not from πίθηκος, an ape, but from πίθος (a figulinis doliorum), implying that wine-casks were made here in antiquity, as they are at the present day.

511. Athen. xi. 465 A, and cf. 495 B; Il. xxiv. 527; see Ussing, p. 33, and Suidas, s.v. The comic poets also speak of a πιθάκνη, or small πίθος, used for holding wine at festivals.

512. See Chapter XX., and a relief in the Villa Albani, Helbig, Führer², ii. p. 56, No. 853; cf. also Hesychius, ἐν πίθῳ, and Ar. Eq. 792.

513. See Chapter XIV. (Fig. 126).

514. B.M. B 464, F 210.

515. Op. et Di. 98; the word has been confused with πυξίς, meaning a box. See J.H.S. xx. p. 99.

516. Hesych. s.v.; Pollux, vii. 163.

517. This must be distinguished from κάναβος (see p. 111), a skeleton frame on which statues were modelled. See Geoponica, vi. 3, p. 4; Pollux, vii. 164; Jahn in Ber. d. sächs. Gesellsch. 1854, p. 42; Blümner, Technologie, ii. p. 42.

518. Brit. School Annual, 1899–1900, p. 22; cf. Amer. Journ. of Arch. 1901, p. 404.

519. Ath. Mitth. 1903, pp. 96 ff., 140 ff., Beilagen 1–5.

520. Troja und Ilion, i. p. 315.

521. See Pottier, Louvre Cat. ii. p. 381 ff.; Ath. Mitth. 1886, pl. 4; Röm. Mitth. xii. (1897), p. 256; Arch. Zeit. 1881, p. 44 ff.; Kekulé, Terracotten von Sicilien, pls. 55–7, 60; and p. 496.

522. Hom. Il. xxiii. 170; Od. ii. 290, ix. 164; Inscr. Gr. (Atticae), ii. 965 b (oil); and see Chap. XXI., s.v. See also Jahn, Vasens. zu München, p. xcii, and cf. the amphora in Rome with the oil-selling scene (Helbig, 70 = Reinach, i. p. 106).

523. ἀμφιφορεύς, from ἀμφί, “on either side,” and φέρω, “I carry.” Athenaeus (xi. 501 A) explains it as ὁ ἑκατέρωθεν κατὰ τὰ ὧτα δυνάμενος φέρεσθαι.

524. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lit. 2nd Ser. iii. (1850), p. 7.

525. Dumont, Inscrs. Céramiques, pl. 9.

526. The order here given is that suggested by H. von Gaertringen in Inscr. Gr. xii. pt. 1, p. 8.

527. Dumont, Inscrs. Céramiques, pl. 6; see also Revue Archéol. N.S. iii. (1861), pls. 9, 10, p. 283.

528. Jahrbücher für Philol. Suppl. xvii. (1890), p. 281.

529. Boeckh, C.I.G. ii. 2121.

530. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lit. iii. (1850), p. 84.

531. C.I.L. iv. 2584; other examples from Pompeii are given in Chapter XXI.

532. Stoddart in Trans. Roy. Soc. Lit. 2nd Ser. iii. (1850), p. 1 ff., iv. (1853), p. 1 ff.; Boeckh, C.I.G. iii. Nos. 5375–5392, 5555–5566, 5751 (Sicily); Philologus, 1851, p. 278 ff. (Sicily); Jahrb. für Philol. Suppl.-Bd. xviii. p. 520 ff.; Abh. d. phil.-phil. Kl. d. k. bayer. Akad. d. Wiss. ii. (1837), p. 781 ff.; Mélanges Gréco-Romaines, i. p. 416 ff. (Olbia); Dumont, Inscrs. Céramiques de Grèce, Paris, 1872; Ath. Mitth. 1896, p. 127 ff.; Jahrb. für Philol. Suppl.-Bd. iv. p. 453, v. p. 447, x. pp. 1, 207 (Olbia); Inscr. Gr. (Ins. Maris Aegaei), xii. pp. 175–203, Nos. 1065–1441 (amphora-handles from Rhodes); and other references already given.

533. E.g. Athens 657.

534. Bull. de Corr. Hell. 1898, pls. 4, 6; Plate XLVII.

535. E.g. Baumeister, iii. p. 1975, fig. 2114; Athens 688, 690.

536. Berlins ant. Bildw. p. 346; see also Thiersch, Tyrrhen. Amphoren, p. 1 ff.

537. See below, p. 388, and Karo in J.H.S. xix. p. 147 ff.

538. See note 536 above; also p. 324.

539. A “transitional” example has recently been published by Hartwig in Röm. Mitth. 1901, pl. 5, p. 117.

540. See also Plate XXXV.

541. Cf. B 603–609 with F 331, 332 in the Fourth Vase Room of the Brit. Mus. But it appears in Southern Italy at an earlier period than the fourth century; see Patroni, Ceram. Antica, p. 138, and below, p. 485.

542. See for examples F 339, 340 in Brit. Mus., and Patroni, Ceramica Antica, p. 142.

543. See Patroni, Ceramica Antica, p. 79.

544. Instances in B.M., E 350, and Brussels Museum (Noel des Vergers, Étrurie, pls. 32–36); also a plain wine-amphora of this form, dredged up from the sea, in the Terracotta Room, British Museum, Case 51.

545. See Pollux, x. 78; Athen. xi. 495 A. The former gives πελίκα as an Aeolic synonym of λεκάνη.

546. B.F. “pelikae” in B.M., B 190–192.

547. x. 72. Cf. also Plat. Com. apud Athen. xi. 783 D.

548. Lys. 196. See also Demosth. Lacr. 933, where eighty stamni of sour wine are mentioned.

549. Οἰνοδόχον ἀγγεῖον, ad Il. xviii. 1163, 23. Cf. also Herodotos, i. 194; Xen. Anab. i. 9, 25.

550. Lucian, Meretr. dial. 14; Athen, iii. 116 F.

552. Pollux, vi. 14.

553. Vesp. 676, and Schol. ad loc.

554. See below for an account of this word (p. 176).

555. xi. 499 B, q.v. for several quotations illustrative of this word; also Anth. P. vi. 248 (στειναύχην).

556. Quaest. Conviv. i. 1, 5, p. 614 E (λαγυνίς): cf. Phaedr. i. 26, 8.

557. Hesych. s.v. βυτίον.

558. See for a fine instance, Brit. Mus. Cat. of Bronzes, 650.

559. Cf. Hdt. iii. 20; Athen. xi. 483 D; Hor. Od. iv. 11, 2; 12, 17.

560. Av. 1032; Eccl. 1002.

561. Ussing, p. 45. Cf. Pind. Ol. vi. 68; also Schol. in Nem. x. 64.

562. xi. 496 A. See Boston Mus. Report, 1899, p. 73.

563. Cf. 327 with 539. See for other mentions of the word, Ussing, p. 44.

564. Trapezitae, 33; cf. Lucian, Hermot. 40, 57 (κάλπις), and Chap. XXI.

565. Soph. O.C. 473, λαβὰς ἀμφιστόμους. He is here speaking of a κρατήρ, but in l. 478 he calls the same vase a κρωσσός.

566. Cf. also Aesch. Fr. 91, and Eur. Cycl. 89; Ion, 1173; Theocr. xiii. 46.

567. Mosch. iv. 34; Anth. P. vii. 710.

569. Hesych. s.v.; Pollux, viii. 66.

571. Cf. Hdt. i. 25 and the Sigean inscription (Roberts, Gk. Epigraphy, i. p. 78).

572. Examples of such painted stands in the B.M. are A 383–85, 464 (Geometrical); A 1349; B 167 (does not belong to the amphora below which it is placed). A 741 is unpainted; F 279 is placed on an ornamental open stand of bronze.

573. See Hdt. iv. 61, 152; Athen. xi. 472 A and v. 198 D, 199 B, 199 E.

574. See p. 246 and Plate XII.

575. The Aristonoös krater (see p. 297) is almost of the Mycenaean form, and represents the transition to the Corinthian. Cf. also Notizie degli Scavi, 1895, p. 185, for one found at Syracuse.

576. For specimens found at Corinth, see Amer. Journ. of Arch. 1898, p. 196; the form is also depicted on the Corinthian pinakes (Ant. Denkm. i. pl. 8, Nos. 12, 18).

577. xi. 475 D. But Couve, in his valuable article in Daremberg and Saglio’s Dictionnaire (s.v. Kelebe), is equally confident that the passage implies a kind of krater.

578. The Antaios krater in the Louvre, G 103.

579. See Berlins Ant. Bildw. p. 358, No. 18.

580. Cf. B.M. Cat. of Vases, iv. p. 6.

581. Cf. F 37, 269–73 in B.M.

582. See Chap. XVIII; Patroni, Ceramica Antica, p. 25; Röm. Mitth. 1897, p. 201 ff.

583. E.g. Fig. 108, p. 482.

584. Cf. Plat. Symp. 214 A, where it is described as holding more than eight kotylae.

585. J.H.S. xix. pl. 6, p. 141; cf. Arch. Anzeiger, 1889, p. 91; Daremberg and Saglio, i. p. 821, fig. 1026.

586. A vase of the same type, but probably used as a “puzzle-jug,” is published in the Bull. de Corr. Hell. xix. pls. 19, 20.

587. E 767, 768, the latter signed by Duris; see also J.H.S. l.c. Another good example is the Euphronios psykter in Petersburg (p. 431).

588. Cf. Athen. xi. 503 C and 467 D. In § 467 F he identifies the δεῖνος with the ποδανίπτηρ; this use would be parallel to the Homeric use of the λέβης for washing (see below).

589. Cf. Schol. in Ar. Nub. 280, 1472 ff.

590. Cf. the use of the word λέβης for a cinerary urn by Aeschylus and Sophokles (Ag. 444; Cho. 686; El. 1401).