377. With S -an special static words are formed from oxytone roots, without the irregularities described in § 334. In meaning 20they fall into two types, which, however, are not always clearly distinct.

(a) They express an action by two or more actors, a kind of plural of root words of the type described at § 341,3,a. Aŋ àlísan naŋ maŋa aluwáge ay sa lúnes naŋ hápon. The leaving of the carpenters 25is fixed for Monday afternoon. aŋ ìnúman a drinking party. Aŋ ìyákan naŋ maŋa bátaʾ ay nárinig ko sa kalsáda. I heard on the street the crying of the children. Aŋ kàlabúgan naŋ maŋa nalaglàg na nyòg dahilàn sa malakàs na háŋin ay nárinig haŋgàŋ sa maláyo ŋ lugàr. The thud of the cocoanuts that were 30thrown down by the strong wind was audible for some distance away. Aŋ kàlasíŋan naŋ maŋa kwaltà ŋ laglàg sa bulsà ni Hwàn ay sya ŋ nakàgísiŋ kay Pédro. The rattling of the coins falling from Juan’s purse was what woke Pedro up. Aŋ kantáhan naŋ maŋa íbon ay ginágawà nila kuŋ umága. The birds sing together 35in the morning. Aŋ kùrútan nilà sa nilúto ko ŋ isdàʾ ay lubhà ŋ madalàs. They often pinched pieces out of the fish I had cooked. Aŋ litsúnan nila Hwàn ay hindí nátulòy. The barbecue of Juan and his friends did not come off. Aŋ luksúhan naŋ maŋa luktòn ay totoò ŋ maiiklèʾ. The leaps of the small grasshoppers are very 40short. Aŋ pàgakpákan naŋ maŋa táo pagkaraàn naŋ talumpáteʾ ay lubhà ŋ mahábaʾ. The applause of the people after the speech was very long. Aŋ pintásan ni Hwána at ni Maryà ay parého ŋ hindí totoò. The criticisms of Juana and Maria make of each other are equally untrue. Aŋ kanyà ŋ maŋa lalagyàn naŋ tubaʾ ay pùnúa ŋ lahàt. His containers for the sap are all full. Aŋ kanila ŋ sàkáyan sa trèn ay sa liŋgò naŋ umága. They are all to take the train Sunday morning. Naparoòn akò kagabè sa isa ŋ sàyáwan. 5I went to a dance last night. Aŋ sìgáwan naŋ maŋa bátaʾ sa kalsáda ay nakabíbiŋì. The shouting of the children on the street is deafening. aŋ tàhúlan naŋ maŋa áso the baying together of the dogs. aŋ tàyáan a staking, a putting up of stakes (aŋ tayàʾ a stake in a bet or game). Nárinig sa isa ŋ ùpúan naŋ maŋa Intsèk aŋ 10kwènto ŋ itò. This story was heard in a gathering of Chinamen.

Similarly, from: kaluskòs, patày, pustà, putàk, salitàʾ, sugàl, takbò, tipàn, tugtòg, umpòk.

From derived word: Aŋ hìmagsíkan sa Filipínas ay natápus nà. The fighting in the Philippines is over. (as though from a form 15-himagsìk, see § 518).

This formation underlies further derivatives, see §§ 352,d. 357,a.

(b) The other meaning of the formation S -an is that of an object viewed, rather explicitly (cf. § 380), as the scene of plural 20action or the place of things. So: aŋ bìgásan the place where hulled rice is made, threshing floor for rice, rice-mill. Si Hwàn aŋ bìgáyan nilà naŋ kanilà ŋ maŋa ninákaw na aláhas. Juan is the one to whom they give the jewelry they have stolen. aŋ bìlangúan a prison (aŋ bilaŋgòʾ a prisoner). Aŋ kanila ŋ bìlíhan naŋ pálay 25ay sa kamálig ni Hwàn. The place where they buy rice is in Juan’s storehouse. Aŋ dàánan naŋ maŋa sundálo ay aŋ landàs na itò. The usual route of the soldiers is this path. aŋ hampásan the whipping-bench. Aŋ maŋa magkakápit-báhay na si Andrès, Kulàs, at Pédro ay nagtàtálo tuŋkùl sa kaní-kanilà ŋ haŋgáhan naŋ bakúran. 30The neighbors Andrés, Nicolás, and Pedro are disputing about the boundaries of their grounds. Sa pagítan naŋ báya-ŋ-Balíwag at báya-ŋ-San-Migèl ay máy-roo ŋ isa lámaŋ na hintúan aŋ maŋa naglálakad. Pedestrians have only one stopping-place between the towns of Baliuag and San Miguel. Si Pédro ay sya ŋ hìráman naŋ 35salapìʾ naŋ maŋa táo sa báyan. Pedro is the one from whom the people in the town borrow money. aŋ huŋkúyan a machine for fanning the pounded rice. Aŋ isa ŋ taburéte lámaŋ aŋ ginawá nila ŋ làgáyan naŋ kanila ŋ maŋa sombréro, sapagkàt aŋ sabitàn ay punú nà. A chair was all they had to lay their hats on, for the 40hat-rack was already full. Aŋ làŋúyan sa ílog ay bumábaw. The swimming-place in the river grew shallow. aŋ làrúan the playground. Aŋ lìbáŋan sa maŋa bátaʾ sa maŋa bapòr na naglálayag sa dágat naŋ Pasífiko ay lubhà ŋ malilínis na lugàr. The play-rooms for children on the steamers that ply on the Pacific Ocean are very neat places. aŋ nyúgan a cocoanut grove. Aŋ pàtáyan naŋ bábuy ay nasúnog. The pork slaughter-house burned down. 5aŋ pàtísan a factory for shrimp-sauce (patìs, made of the small shrimp called hípon). Aŋ báro ŋ punìt-punìt ay sya nyà ŋ ginawà ŋ tagpían naŋ maŋa retáso. She sewed the patches all on to the ragged blouse. Aŋ kanila ŋ tagpúan ay aŋ daà-ŋ-Balíwag. Their meeting-place is the Baliuag road. aŋ tanyágan an exhibition, exposition. 10aŋ timbáŋan a pair of scales. aŋ tindáhan a shop, store (aŋ tindà the goods for sale in a store).

Similarly, from: aklàt, bantày, bigtì, biniyàg, bukàs, buntòt, dasàl, gawàʾ, hagdàn, higàʾ, hukòm, kabiyàw, kublì, kulòŋ, libìŋ, luksò, maŋgà, pintà, pintò, pitàg, punlàʾ, sampày, saŋlàʾ, simbà, 15sahàn, taŋgàp, taraŋkà, tirà, upòʾ.

A very few show irregularities: eskwèl-han, paá-nan, tòto-hánan the truth (totoò); the secondary accent is lacking in damú-han, tubú-han; irregular in kumpìsál-an.

From a compound word: úbus-làkásan (úbos-lakàs).

20From a phrase: sà-lawáhan changeable, fickle, as though from sa lawà; for the latter see § 345.

From derived words: aŋ ìnumínan place for drinking-water, water-shelf (inum-ìn, § 367,a); aŋ sìlaŋán-an the east (silaŋ-àn, § 379.

25378. The formation (1) S -an is made from barytone roots and corresponds in meaning to (a) in the preceding type; the suffix is added as a rule without irregularity.

Aŋ ìbígan ni Maryà at ni Hwàn ay natápus sa pagtatampúhan. The love-affair of Maria and Juan ended through their contrariness. 30Aŋ làyásan naŋ maŋa sundálo ay hindí maampàt naŋ kanila ŋ maŋa pinúnoʾ. The deserting of the soldiers could not be stopped by their officers. Sa miyèrkules aŋ lùlánan nilà sa trèn. On Wednesday they are to embark on the train. Aŋ pùlútan nilà naŋ kwaltà ay náhintòʾ naŋ márinig nilà aŋ putòk. Their scrambling 35for money ceased when they heard the crash. aŋ tìpúnan a meeting.

So: háyag, húni, káin, kílos, sáma, túloy.

Irregular in form is: Aŋ tàwánan nila Hwàn ay náhinto dahilàn sa kanila ŋ pagkàgúlat. The laughter of Juan’s crowd stopped on account of their surprise (táwa).

40Irregular in meaning, as though local instead of plural, is: Aŋ gulòd na itò ay sya ŋ sìláŋan naŋ áraw. This hill is the place where the sun rises (sílaŋ).

379. The form from barytone roots corresponding to the type in § 377,b and often also to type a, is: (2) -an, without irregularities: Aŋ agawàn naŋ maŋa uŋgòʾ ay magulò. The grabbing by the monkeys was confused. aŋ basahàn a reading-room, library. 5Bulakàn Bulacán (name of a province, if from búlak a cluster of capoc cotton). Aŋ maliìt na úna ŋ itò ay sya kò ŋ duruàn naŋ maŋa aspilè. This little cushion is where I stick my needles. aŋ haluàn a mixing-vessel. aŋ hugasàn a place for washing dishes. aŋ hulihàn naŋ isdàʾ a fishing-expedition. Si Hwána ay isa ŋ babáye 10ŋ kutuhàn. Juana is a lousy woman. Aŋ labanàn naŋ maŋa Tùrkos at Iŋgléses ay kasulukúyan pa lámaŋ. The warfare between the Turks and the English is only now taking place. Aŋ kanila ŋ lakaràn ay lubhà ŋ masayà. Their walking party is very merry. Aŋ kanila ŋ lusuŋàn ay hindí natápus na mabúte, sapagkàt marámi 15sa maŋa táo ay matamàd. Their cooperative scheme did not turn out well, because most of the people were lazy. Aŋ murahàn ni Hwána at ni Maryà ay nárinig naŋ boò ŋ báyan. The revilings of Juana and Maria were heard by the whole town. Sa báya-ŋ-San-Migèl ay naŋyáre aŋ isa ŋ nakawàn. In the town of San Miguel a 20robbery took place. Aŋ tablà ŋ itò ay ginawà ŋ pakuàn naŋ maŋa bátaʾ sa maŋa páku ŋ aspilè na kinúha nilà. The children used this board for hammering in the tacks they had taken. Aŋ bútas naŋ baŋkaʾ ay sya ŋ ginawà ŋ pasakàn ni Pédro naŋ pagkìt. The leak in the canoe was where Pedro calked in the wax. aŋ putikàn a clay-pit; 25a person or thing covered with mud. Aŋ isà ŋ labaŋàn ay syà ŋ nagìŋ silaŋàn kay Hesùs. Jesus was born in a manger; aŋ kátri ŋ silaŋàn ni Hwána the bed in which Juana’s children were born. Sya y sugatàn He is wounded; aŋ sugatàn the wounded (as, after a battle). aŋ sulatàn a writing-desk. Aŋ síloŋ naŋ báhay ay sya nyà ŋ 30taguàn naŋ maŋa kasaŋkápan sa pagaalwáge. The ground-floor of his house is where he keeps his carpentry tools. Aŋ kuwàrto ŋ itò ay sya kò ŋ tulugàn. This room is my sleeping-place. Aŋ tulugàn naŋ báhay ni Hwàn ay nása bubuŋàn. The sleeping-quarters in Juan’s house are on the roof. aŋ utusàn a servant, a waiter, an 35orderly.

Similarly: áral, búkol, dáhil, háraŋ, hásaʾ, íhaw, ílaw, káin, lútoʾ, sábit, sáboŋ, tápon, túlis, úlo, úpa, óras.

With irregularities: hàlamanàn garden, flower-pot (haláman) has secondary accent on the first of three syllables; aŋkàn the members 40of a given person’s immediate family, not including himself: aŋ aŋkàn ni Hwàn Krùs Juan Cruz’ wife and children (from -ának, cf. mag-ának, § 358,a); kwayanàn, beside kawayanàn (kawáyan).

With irregularity and reduplication: ka-kan-àn (-káin).

380. (1) -an with irregularities forms static words denoting objects by the action for which they are locally used or by the things they are the place of; the local meaning is less explicit, and 5the object has more fixed identity apart from its local relation than is the case in the preceding forms. This distinction is very clear where both forms occur from the same root (cf. kulòŋ, lagày); it may disappear where only one form is made (sagíŋan, atísan have the same value as nyúgan).

10aŋ atísan a grove of atis trees. Aŋ asuhàn naŋ báhay ni Pédro ay nasúnog. The chimney in Pedro’s house burned out. Bigasàn aŋ kanya ŋ sináiŋ. Her boiled rice has raw rice in it, is not done. Aŋ kanya ŋ damìt ay pulahàn. Her clothes are all red. Sya y isà ŋ pulahàn. He is a Red, a member of the Red party. aŋ siláŋan the east, also Siláŋan Silangan (name of a town). aŋ taanàn a fugitive. aŋ manòk na talúnan 15the defeated game-cock; lúto ŋ talúnan a dish in which the defeated game-cock is cooked with ginger. Similarly: bákod, bubòŋ, dúlo, gawàʾ, haŋgà, haràp, kulòŋ, labàŋ, laròʾ, likòd, lulòd, paà, ságiŋ, tintéro.

(a) Some roots which begin with l and most of those whose 20irregularity involves contraction, have reduplication in this form: Aŋ lalagyàn ko naŋ librò ay aŋ mésa ŋ itò. This table is my bookstand. Aŋ uupà ŋ itò ay gàgamítin naŋ maŋa panaúhin. The guests will sit on these seats. Aŋ uupà ŋ itò ay sa háreʾ. This seat is for the king. luluràn shin. Similarly: hihigàn (higàʾ), lalamúnan (lámon), 25lalawígan (láwig), sasakyàn (sakày), titirhàn (tirà).

(b) From derived words: Napútol nilà aŋ púno-ŋ-káhoy sa kalahatían. They cut the tree at the middle. Nalagòt aŋ lúbid sa kalahatían. The rope broke at the middle. (kalahátiʾ, § 519). Aŋ bútas naŋ baŋkàʾ ay nása tagilíran. The leak in the canoe is in the 30side. Nilagyàn ni Hwàn naŋ tagilíran aŋ kanya ŋ báhay. Juan put side-walls on his house. (tagílid, § 523).

381. D -an, with accent shift if the root is barytone, forms words denoting an object which is an imitation or miniature of such and such: aŋ dagat-dagátan a lake; aŋ kabá-kabayúhan a play-horse; 35aŋ tao-taúhan a manikin, doll; the pupil of the eye; aŋ baril-barílan a toy-gun. Further derivatives from this formation, see § 352,d.

382. Many roots here treated, because felt, as simple, end in -an: baŋàn, batalàn, dalandàn, hagdàn, haláman, kánan, kápitan, 40kapitàn, kawáyan, laráwan, pagítan, pakuwàn, paŋnàn a hand-basket, pasígan (Pásig is the name of a river), piŋgàn, saguwàn a paddle, saŋkálan, tampalásan, tahílan.

383. Similar formations with paŋ- prefixed add the element of meaning present in the transient formations with maŋ- and paŋ-; they have secondary accent on the prefix, as though it formed part of the underlying word:

(a) pàŋ- -an (cf. § 377): Aŋ kahò ŋ itò ay sya ŋ pàŋitlúgan 5naŋ manòk. This box is the place where the hen lays its eggs.

(b) pàŋ- (1) -an (cf. § 378): Si Hwàn ay sya ŋ paráti ŋ pàmunúan naŋ básag-úlo. Juan is the one who always starts the fighting.

(c) pàŋ- (2) -an (cf. § 379): pàŋaserahàn boarding-place.