[288] Allative sing. of pää, head.
[290] Genitive of pika, swiftness, used adverbially.
[291] Translative sing. of muu, other; for use of the case here and in toiseksi after verbs denoting change (v. p. 158).
[292] 3rd pers. sing, imperf. (v. p. 109) of muutella, derived from muuttaa, to make other (muu), or change.
[293] Genitive of rutto, rapid, used adverbially.
[294] 3rd sing. imperf. of ruveta, to begin or become.
[295] 3rd sing. imperf. of mennä, to go.
[296] Illative of meri, sea.
[299] 3rd sing. imperf. of matoa, to creep.
[300] Essive sing. of rautainen, iron.
[301] Essive of kyinen (stem se) adj. from kyy, a viper.
[302] Essive of käärme (stem käärmehe), a serpent.
[306] = varhain, adv. early.
[307] = sadan, accusative of sata, hundred.
[308] 3rd sing. pres. of saa.
[309] Part. plur. of taimen (stem taimene), a kind of fish (salmo fario or trutta, Lönnrot).
[311] Emon is gen. of emo (= emä), mother; alvehia, part. plur. of alve (stem alpehe, a young fish). The phrase seems to mean fry that follow their mother.
[312] Part. cases of Väinämöinen and Uvantolainen, after negative verb.
[313] Nominative sing. adj. originally muddy; thence soft or light; explained as meaning here kevytmielinen, light-minded.
[314] Also called Ahti and Kaukomieli. The most fascinating and adventurous of the heroes of the Kalevala, but sadly deficient in moral sense. He was much attached to female society, which led to his being killed, apparently very thoroughly, in book xiv., but in xv. his mother resuscitates him; he did not, however, learn wisdom. Books xxvi. and xxvii. recount his struggle with the people of Pohjola, with whom he was on bad terms owing to his not being invited to the marriage of Ilmarinen, and in xxix. he had to fly to Saari, whence however he was expelled (owing to his light conduct with a thousand brides and a hundred widows), and has further adventures in xxx. In the rest of the Kalevala he plays rather a secondary part.
[316] Postposition governing venosen; the allative is used because motion is implied.
[317] Adessive sing. of hako, timber floating in water.
[318] Genitive sing. of hauki, pike.
[319] Genitive sing. of koira, dog.
[320] Adessive plur. of konkka-luu, compound noun.
[321] Part. plur. of joki, various.
[322] = on.
[324] = vedä, 2nd pers. sing. imperat. of vetää, to draw.
[326] 2nd sing. imperf. of katkaista, to break or sever, stem katkaise.
[329] Nominative sing. adj. merry.
[331] Ablative sing. of vyö, a girdle, with affix of 3rd pers.
[332] Acc. sing. of compound subst. with first member (luu, bone) in gen. and second noun of agency, formed from purra, to bite.
[333] Ablative sing. of puoli, side, with affix of 3rd pers.
[334] Part. sing. of meryt (stem merye), dimin. of meri, sea.
[335] Preposition governing laian, though generally a postposition.
[336] 3rd sing. pres. of laskettaa (trans. form of laskea), to smite.
[338] Instr. plur. of koura, palm of the hand.
[339] 3rd pers. imperf. of kohahtaa, onomatopoeic verb representing noise of bubbling water.
[340] Elative sing. of se, used adverbially, then.
[341] seppo or seppä, nominative sing. a smith.
[342] The magic smith of Kalevala and forger of the Sampo; after many trials he married the maiden of Pohja (xix.), and the marriage is described in xx-xxv., but in xxxiii. she is killed. Ilmarinen then forged himself a wife of gold and silver (xxxvii.), who did not prove entirely satisfactory in all respects.
[343] 3rd sing. imperf. of tarttua, to stick or cling to.
[344] Illative sing. of tukka, hair.
[345] Part. sing. of uros, used as genitive. This use (which is hardly found in prose) is chiefly used of things which form part of something else.
[346] 3rd sing. of nostaltaa, deriv. verb from nostaa, to raise.
[348] 2nd part. passive of kyhätä, to form; this word and pantu are followed by translatives to indicate the end for which a thing is made (p. 159).
[349] Trans. sing. of lisä, an addition.
[351] Allative sing. of tuhat (stem tuhante), a thousand.
[352] Trans. sing. of täyte (stem täyttehe), a complement or supplement (täysi, full).
[353] Elative sing. of tuppi, sheath, with affix of 3rd person.
[354] Accusative sing. of tuima, fierce.
[356] = kolhaisti or kolkkaisti, 3rd sing. imperf. of kalhaista, to strike or split.
[357] 3rd sing. imperf. of läimähyttää (deriv. of läimätä), to smite.
[358] Trans. sing. of murska, a fragment (p. 158). N.B. The word is not in the plural and is almost adverbial, piecemeal.
[363] Part. sing. of kolmannes (stem -ekse), a third part.
[364] Adv. when, used with kun to mean as soon as.
[365] Nominative sing. (stem tarpehe), need.
[366] = vaaditaan, passive of vaatia, to demand.
[367] Adv. then.
[368] Inessive sing. of melkeä, moderate (? Russian мелкій); for use of inessive v. p. 140, iii. The expression seems ironical, is in a very moderate state.
[369] Nominative sing. business, duty, capacity; cf. for use here ei ole hänellä tointa.
[370] Adessive of toisia, another place; cf. muualla, and our expression to be all abroad.
[371] 3rd sing. imperf. of vedältää, deriv. verb from vetää.
[372] 3rd sing. imperf. of työntää, to thrust or smite.
[373] 3rd sing. imperf. of langetella, deriv. verb from langettaa, which is the causative form of langeta, to fall.
[374] Compound of kala, fish, and hauki, pike. The usual form would be haukikala (cf. valaskala, a whale).
[375] 3rd sing. imperf. reflexive (p. 227) of luottaa, to send through or drive, a factitive form from luoda, one of whose meanings is to cast (v. No. 496).
[376] Illative sing. of luja, firm.
[377] Illative plur. of kitanen (stem -se, diminutive of kita), the gills of a fish.
[378] 3rd sing. imperf. reflex. of kiinnittää, to fix, derived from kiinni.
[380] = pyrstö, nominative sing. a tail.
[381] Illative sing. of pohja, bottom or shore.
[382] 3rd sing. imperf. of pudota (like luvata), to fall.
[383] 3rd sing. imperf. of kavahtaa, to leap forth or fall.
[385] 3rd sing. imperf. of ottaa, here used intransitively, to start or begin.
[387] Elative sing. of puutos, a hindrance (puuttaa, to hold or fasten).
[389] Allative sing. of luotonen, dimin. of luoto, island or shore.
[390] 3rd sing. imperf. of ravahuttaa, fact. form of ravahtaa, which is itself a deriv. of ravata, to move quickly; cf. ravakka, quick.
[391] Illative sing. of rantanen, dimin. of ranta, shore.
[395] Illative of 3rd infin. of halkoa (halki), to cleave. The verb on which the infinitive depends is omitted, but some such words as ‘let him come’ must be understood.
[397] Illative of 3rd infin. of viiltää (fact. of viillä), to split open.
[398] Illative 3rd infin. of pahkoa, to cleave.
[399] 3rd plur. pres. of puhua, to speak (original meaning to blow).
[400] Ablative plur. of laitanen (stem -se), dimin. of laita, shore.
[402] Nominative plur. of sulin, superlative of sula, flowing, active, or dexterous.
[404] Nominative plur. of pyhin, superl. of pyhä, holy.
[405] Accusative sing. of veitsi, knife.
[406] Elative sing. of huotra, a sheath, with affix of 3rd person.
[407] Ablative sing. of kylki, side, with affix of 3rd person.
[408] Accusative sing. of kylmä, cold.
[409] 3rd sing. pres. of halkaista (halki), to split.
[411] Nominative sing. superl. of nuori, young.
[412] Elative plur. of neitonen (stem -se), dimin. of neito, woman.
[415] Trans. plur. of muru, fragment.
[416] Trans. plur. of kalainen, adj. formed from kala, fish.
[417] Trans. plur. of lounas, midday meal.
[418] Instr. sing. of kilpa, strife or rivalry.
[419] kymmen, ten, with affix ki.
[420] Pres. passive of keittää.
[421] = murkinoidaan, pres. passive of murkinoita from murkina, breakfast.
[422] Essive plur. from muru, a bit.
[424] Part. plur. of luu, bone.
[425] Allative of kallio, rock.
[426] Elat. sing. of pron. tuo, with suffix ki.
[427] Elat. plur. of same.