Conscious of his merit as the first epic poet of Rome, Ennius bestowed on himself the appellation of the Homer of Latium. Of the tragedies, comedies, annals, and satires which he wrote, nothing remains but fragments happily collected from the quotations of ancient authors. The best edition of these is by Hesselius, 4to, Amsterdam, 1707. Ovid, Tristia, bk. 2, li. 424.—Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, bk. 1, ch. 4; De Officiis, bk. 2, ch. 18.—Quintilian, bk. 10, ch. 1.—Lucretius, bk. 1, li. 117, &c.—Cornelius Nepos, Cato.

Ennŏmus, a Trojan prince killed by Achilles. Homer, Iliad, bk. 2, li. 365; bk. 11, li. 422.

Ennosigæus, terræ concussor, a surname of Neptune. Juvenal, satire 10, li. 182.

Enŏpe, a town of Peloponnesus near Pylos. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 26.

Enops, a shepherd loved by the nymph Nesis, by whom he had Satnius. Homer, Iliad, bk. 14.——The father of Thestos.——A Trojan killed by Patroclus. Iliad, bk. 16.

Enos, a maritime town of Thrace.

Enosichthon, a surname of Neptune.

Enotocœtæ, a nation whose ears are described as hanging down to their heels. Strabo.

Entella, a town of Sicily inhabited by Campanians. Silius Italicus, bk. 14, li. 205.—Cicero, Against Verres, bk. 3, ch. 43.

Entellus, a famous athlete among the friends of Æneas. He was intimate with Eryx, and entered the lists against Dares, whom he conquered in the funeral games of Anchises in Sicily. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 5, li. 387, &c.

Enyalius, a surname of Mars.

Enȳo, a sister of Mars, called by the Latins Bellona, supposed by some to be daughter of Phorcys and Ceto. Silius Italicus, bk. 10, li. 203.

Eone, a daughter of Thespius. Apollodorus.

Eordæa, a district at the west of Macedonia. Livy, bk. 31, ch. 39; bk. 33, ch. 8; bk. 42, ch. 53.

Eos, the name of Aurora among the Greeks, whence the epithet Eous is applied to all the eastern parts of the world. Ovid, Fasti, bk. 3, li. 406; Ars Amatoria, bk. 3, li. 537; bk. 6, li. 478.—Virgil, Georgics, bk. 1, li. 288; bk. 2, li. 115.

Eōus, one of the horses of the sun. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 2, li. 153, &c.

Epāgris, one of the Cyclades, called by Aristotle Hydrussa. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 12.

Epaminondas, a famous Theban descended from the ancient kings of Bœotia. His father’s name was Polymnus. He has been celebrated for his private virtues and military accomplishments. His love of truth was so great that he never disgraced himself by falsehood. He formed a most sacred and inviolable friendship with Pelopidas, whose life he saved in battle. By his advice Pelopidas delivered Thebes from the power of Lacedæmon. This was the signal of war. Epaminondas was set at the head of the Theban armies, and defeated the Spartans at the celebrated battle of Leuctra, about 371 years B.C. Epaminondas made a proper use of this victorious campaign, and entered the territories of Lacedæmon with 50,000 men. Here he gained many friends and partisans; but at his return to Thebes he was seized as a traitor for violating the laws of his country. While he was making the Theban arms victorious on every side, he neglected the law which forbade any citizen to retain in his hands the supreme power more than one month, and all his eminent services seemed unable to redeem him from death. He paid implicit obedience to the laws of his country, and only begged of his judges that it might be inscribed on his tomb that he had suffered death for saving his country from ruin. This animated reproach was felt; he was pardoned and invested again with the sovereign power. He was successful in a war in Thessaly, and assisted the Eleans against the Lacedæmonians. The hostile armies met near Mantinea, and while Epaminondas was bravely fighting in the thickest of the enemy, he received a fatal wound in the breast and expired, exclaiming that he died unconquered, when he heard that the Bœotians obtained the victory, in the 48th year of his age, 363 years before Christ. The Thebans severely lamented his death; in him their power was extinguished, for only during his life they had enjoyed freedom and independence among the Grecian states. Epaminondas was frugal as well as virtuous, and he refused with indignation the rich presents which were offered to him by Artaxerxes the king of Persia. He is represented by his biographer as an elegant dancer and a skilful musician, accomplishments highly esteemed among his countrymen. Plutarch, Parallela minora.—Cornelius Nepos, Epaminondas.—Xenophon, Hellenica.—Diodorus, bk. 15.—Polybius, bk. 1.

Epantelii, a people of Italy.

Epaphrodītus, a freedman punished with death for assisting Nero to destroy himself. Suetonius, Nero.——A freedman of Augustus, sent as a spy to Cleopatra. Plutarch.——A name assumed by Sylla.

Epăphus, a son of Jupiter and Io, who founded a city in Egypt, which he called Memphis, in honour of his wife, who was the daughter of the Nile. He had a daughter called Libya, who became mother of Ægyptus and Danaus by Neptune. He was worshipped as a god at Memphis. Herodotus, bk. 2, ch. 153.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 1, li. 699, &c.

Epasnactus, a Gaul in alliance with Rome, &c. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 8, ch. 44.

Epebŏlus, a soothsayer of Messenia, who prevented Aristodemus from obtaining the sovereignty. Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 9, &c.

Epēi and Elēi, a people of Peloponnesus. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 5.

Epetium, now Viscio, a town of Illyricum.

Epēus, a son of Endymion, brother to Pæon, who reigned in a part of Peloponnesus. His subjects were called from him Epei. Pausanias, bk. 5, ch. 1.——A son of Panopeus, who was the fabricator of the famous wooden horse, which proved the ruin of Troy. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 2, li. 264.—Justin, bk. 20, ch. 2.—Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 26.

Ephĕsus, a city of Ionia, built, as Justin mentions, by the Amazons; or by Androchus son of Codrus, according to Strabo; or by Ephesus, a son of the river Cayster. It is famous for a temple of Diana, which was reckoned one of the seven wonders of the world. This temple was 425 feet long and 200 feet broad. The roof was supported by 127 columns, 60 feet high, which had been placed there by so many kings. Of these columns, 36 were carved in the most beautiful manner, one of which was the work of the famous Scopas. This celebrated building was not totally completed till 220 years after its foundation. Ctesiphon was the chief architect. There was above the entrance a huge stone, which, according to Pliny, had been placed there by Diana herself. The riches which were in the temple were immense, and the goddess who presided over it was worshipped with the most awful solemnity. This celebrated temple was burnt on the night that Alexander was born [See: Erostratus], and soon after it rose from its ruins with more splendour and magnificence. Alexander offered to rebuild it at his own expense, if the Ephesians would place upon it an inscription which denoted the name of the benefactor. This generous offer was refused by the Ephesians, who observed, in the language of adulation, that it was improper that one deity should raise temples to the other. Lysimachus ordered the town of Ephesus to be called Arsinoe, in honour of his wife; but after his death the new appellation was lost, and the town was again known by its ancient name. Though modern authors are not agreed about the ancient ruins of this once famed city, some have given the barbarous name of Ajasalouc to what they conjecture to be the remains of Ephesus. The words literæ Ephesiæ are applied to letters containing magical powers. Pliny, bk. 36, ch. 14.—Strabo, bks. 12 & 14.—Mela, bk. 1, ch. 17.—Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 2.—Plutarch, Alexander.—Justin, bk. 2, ch. 4.—Callimachus, Hymn to Artemis.—Ptolemy, bk. 5.—Cicero, de Natura Deorum, bk. 2.

Ephĕtæ, a number of magistrates at Athens, first instituted by Demophoon the son of Theseus. They were reduced to the number of 51 by Draco, who, according to some, first established them. They were superior to the Areopagites, and their privileges were great and numerous. Solon, however, lessened their power, and entrusted them only with the trial of manslaughter and conspiracy against the life of a citizen. They were all more than 50 years old, and it was required that their manners should be pure and innocent, and their behaviour austere and full of gravity.

Ephialtes, or Ephialtus, a giant, son of Neptune, who grew nine inches every month. See: Aloeus.——An Athenian, famous for his courage and strength. He fought with the Persians against Alexander, and was killed at Halicarnassus. Diodorus, bk. 17.——A Trachinian who led a detachment of the army of Xerxes by a secret path to attack the Spartans at Thermopylæ. Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 4.—Herodotus, bk. 7, ch. 213.

Ephŏri, powerful magistrates at Sparta, who were first created by Lycurgus; or, according to some, by Theopompus, B.C. 760. They were five in number. Like censors in the state, they could check and restrain the authority of the kings, and even imprison them, if guilty of irregularities. They fined Archidamus for marrying a wife of small stature, and imprisoned Agis for his unconstitutional behaviour. They were much the same as the tribunes of the people at Rome, created to watch with a jealous eye over the liberties and rights of the populace. They had the management of the public money, and were the arbiters of peace and war. Their office was annual, and they had the privilege of convening, proroguing, and dissolving the greater and less assemblies of the people. The former was composed of 9000 Spartans, all inhabitants of the city; the latter of 33,000 Lacedæmonians, inhabitants of the inferior towns and villages. Cornelius Nepos, Pausanias, ch. 3.—Aristotle, Politics, bk. 2, ch. 7.

Ephŏrus, an orator and historian of Cumæ in Æolia, about 352 years before Christ. He was disciple to Isocrates, by whose advice he wrote a history which gave an account of all the actions and battles that had happened between the Greeks and barbarians for 750 years. It was greatly esteemed by the ancients. It is now lost. Quintilian, bk. 10, ch. 1.

Ephy̆ra, the ancient name of Corinth, which it received from a nymph of the same name, and thence Ephyreus is applied to Dyrrhachium, founded by a Grecian colony. Virgil, Georgics, bk. 2, li. 264.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 2, li. 239.—Lucan, bk. 6, li. 17.—Statius, Thebiad, bk. 4, li. 59.—Silius Italicus, bk. 14, li. 181.——A city of Threspotia in Epirus.——Another in Elis.——Ætolia.——One of Cyrene’s attendants. Virgil, Georgics, bk. 4, li. 343.

Epicaste, a name of Jocasta the mother and wife of Œdipus. Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 5.——A daughter of Ægeus, mother of Thestalus by Hercules.

Epicerides, a man of Cyrene, greatly esteemed by the Athenians for his beneficence. Demosthenes.

Epichăris, a woman accused of conspiracy against Nero. She refused to confess the associates of her guilt, though exposed to the greatest torments, &c. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 15, ch. 51.

Epicharmus, a poet and Pythagorean philosopher of Sicily, who introduced comedy at Syracuse, in the reign of Hiero. His compositions were imitated by Plautus. He wrote some treatises upon philosophy and medicine, and observed that the gods sold all their kindnesses for toil and labour. According to Aristotle and Pliny, he added the two letters χ and θ to the Greek alphabet. He flourished about 440 years before Christ, and died in the 90th year of his age. Horace, bk. 2, ltr. 1, li. 58.—Diogenes Laërtius, bks. 3 & 8.—Cicero, Letters to Atticus, bk. 1, ltr. 19.

Epicles, a Trojan prince killed by Ajax. Homer, Iliad, bk. 12, li. 378.

Epiclīdes, a Lacedæmonian of the family of the Eurysthenidæ. He was raised to the throne by his brother Cleomenes III. in the place of Agis, against the laws and constitution of Sparta. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 9.

Epicrătes, a Milesian, servant to Julius Cæsar.——A poet of Ambracia. Ælian.——The name is applied to Pompey, as expressive of supreme authority. Cicero, Letters to Atticus, bk. 3, ltr. 3.

Epictētus, a stoic philosopher of Hieropolis in Phrygia, originally the slave of Epaphroditus, the freedman of Nero. Though driven from Rome by Domitian, he returned after the emperor’s death, and gained the esteem of Adrian and Marcus Aurelius. Like the Stoics he supported the doctrine of the immortality of the soul, but he declared himself strongly against suicide, which was so warmly adopted by his sect. He died in a very advanced age. The earthen lamp of which he made use was sold some time after his death for 3000 drachmas. His Enchiridion is a faithful picture of the stoic philosophy, and his dissertations which were delivered to his pupils, were collected by Arrian. His style is concise and devoid of all ornament, full of energy and useful maxims. The value of his compositions is well known from the saying of the emperor Antoninus, who thanked the gods he could collect from the writings of Epictetus wherewith to conduct life with honour to himself and advantage to his country. There are several good editions of the works of Epictetus, with those of Cebes and others; the most valuable of which, perhaps, will be found to be that of Reland, Utrecht, 4to, 1711; and Arrian’s by Upton, 2 vols. 4to, London, 1739.

Epĭcūrus, a celebrated philosopher, son of Neocles and Cherestrata, born at Gargettus in Attica. Though his parents were poor and of an obscure origin, yet he was early sent to school, where he distinguished himself by the brilliancy of his genius, and at the age of 12, when his preceptor repeated to him this verse from Hesiod,

Ἠτοι μεν πρωτιστα χαος γενετ’, &c.,

In the beginning of things the Chaos was created,

Epicurus earnestly asked him who created it? To this the teacher answered that he knew not, but only philosophers. “Then,” says the youth, “philosophers henceforth shall instruct me.” After having improved himself, and enriched his mind by travelling, he visited Athens, which was then crowded by the followers of Plato, the Cynics, the Peripatetics, and the Stoics. Here he established himself, and soon attracted a number of followers by the sweetness and gravity of his manners, and by his social virtues. He taught them that the happiness of mankind consisted in pleasure, not such as arises from sensual gratification, or from vice, but from the enjoyments of the mind, and the sweets of virtue. This doctrine was warmly attacked by the philosophers of the different sects, and particularly by the Stoics. They observed that he disgraced the gods by representing them as inactive, given up to pleasure, and unconcerned with the affairs of mankind. He refuted all the accusations of his adversaries by the purity of his morals, and by his frequent attendance on places of public worship. When Leontium, one of his female pupils, was accused of prostituting herself to her master and to all his disciples, the philosopher proved the falsity of the accusation by silence and an exemplary life. His health was at last impaired by continual labour, and he died of a retention of urine, which long subjected him to the most excruciating torments, and which he bore with unparalleled fortitude. His death happened 270 years before Christ, in the 72nd year of his age. His disciples showed their respect for the memory of their learned preceptor, by the unanimity which prevailed among them. While philosophers in every sect were at war with mankind and among themselves, the followers of Epicurus enjoyed perfect peace, and lived in the most solid friendship. The day of his birth was observed with universal festivity, and during a month all his admirers gave themselves up to mirth and innocent amusement. Of all the philosophers of antiquity, Epicurus is the only one whose writings deserve attention for their number. He wrote no less than 300 volumes, according to Diogenes Laërtius; and Chrysippus was so jealous of the fecundity of his genius, that no sooner had Epicurus published one of his volumes, than he immediately composed one, that he might not be overcome in the number of his productions. Epicurus, however, advanced truth and arguments unknown before; but Chrysippus said what others long ago had said, without showing anything which might be called originality. The followers of Epicurus were numerous in every age and country; his doctrines were rapidly disseminated over the world, and when the gratification of the sense was substituted to the practice of virtue, the morals of mankind were undermined and destroyed. Even Rome, whose austere simplicity had happily nurtured virtue, felt the attack, and was corrupted. When Cineas spoke of the tenets of the Epicureans in the Roman senate, Fabricius indeed entreated the gods that all the enemies of the republic might become his followers. But those were the feeble efforts of expiring virtue; and when Lucretius introduced the popular doctrine in poetical composition, the smoothness and beauty of the numbers contributed, with the effeminacy of the Epicureans, to enervate the conquerors of the world. Diogenes Laërtius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers.—Ælian, Varia Historia, bk. 4, ch. 13.—Cicero, de Natura Deorum, bk. 1, chs. 24 & 25; Tusculanæ Disputationes, bk. 3, ch. 49; De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, bk. 2, ch. 22.

Epicydes, a tyrant of Syracuse, B.C. 213.

Epidamnus, a town of Macedonia on the Adriatic, nearly opposite Brundusium. The Romans planted there a colony, which they called Dyrrachium, considering the ancient name (ad damnum) ominous. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 10.—Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 23.—Plautus, Menæchmi, scene 2, act 1, li. 42.

Epidaphne, a town of Syria, called also Antioch. Germanicus son of Drusus died there. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 2, ch. 83.

Epidauria, a festival at Athens in honour of Æsculapius.——A country of Peloponnesus.

Epidaurus, a town at the north of Argolis in Peloponnesus, chiefly dedicated to the worship of Æsculapius, who had there a famous temple. It received its name from Epidaurus son of Argus and Evadne. It is now called Pidaura. Strabo, bk. 8.—Virgil, Georgics, bk. 3, li. 44.—Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 21.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 3.——A town of Dalmatia, now Ragusi Vecchio,——of Laconia.

Epidium, one of the western isles of Scotland, or the Mull of Cantyre, according to some. Ptolemy.

Epidius, a man who wrote concerning unusual prodigies. Pliny, bk. 16, ch. 25.

Epidotæ, certain deities who presided over the birth and growth of children, and were known among the Romans by the name of Dii Averrunci. They were worshipped by the Lacedæmonians, and chiefly invoked by those who were persecuted by the ghosts of the dead, &c. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 17, &c.

Epigĕnes, a Babylonian astrologer and historian. Pliny, bk. 7, ch. 56.

Epigeus, a Greek killed by Hector.

Epigŏni, the sons and descendants of the Grecian heroes who were killed in the first Theban war. The war of the Epigoni is famous in ancient history. It was undertaken 10 years after the first. The sons of those who had perished in the first war resolved to avenge the death of their fathers, and marched against Thebes, under the command of Thersander; or, according to others, of Alcmæon the son of Amphiaraus. The Argives were assisted by the Corinthians, the people of Messina, Arcadia, and Megara. The Thebans had engaged all their neighbours in their quarrel, as in one common cause, and the two hostile armies met and engaged on the banks of the Glissas. The fight was obstinate and bloody, but victory declared for the Epigoni, and some of the Thebans fled to Illyricum with Leodamas their general, while others retired into Thebes, where they were soon besieged and forced to surrender. In this war Ægialeus alone was killed, and his father Adrastus was the only person who escaped alive in the first war. This whole war, as Pausanias observes, was written in verse; and Callinus, who quotes some of the verses, ascribes them to Homer, which opinion has been adopted by many writers. “For my part,” continues the geographer, “I own that, next to the Iliad and Odyssey of Homer, I have never seen a finer poem.” Pausanias, bk. 6, chs. 9 & 25.—Apollodorus, bks. 1 & 3.—Diodorus, bk. 4.——This name has been applied to the sons of those Macedonian veterans, who in the age of Alexander formed connections with the women of Asia.

Epĭgŏnus, a mathematician of Ambracia.

Epigranea, a fountain in Bœotia. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 7.

Epīi and Epēi, a people of Elis.

Epilarus, a daughter of Thespius. Apollodorus.

Epimĕlĭdes, the founder of Corone. Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 34.

Epimĕnes, a man who conspired against Alexander’s life. Curtius, bk. 8, ch. 6.

Epimenĭdes, an epic poet of Crete, contemporary with Solon. His father’s name was Agiasarchus and his mother’s Blasta. He is reckoned one of the seven wise men by those who exclude Periander from the number. While he was tending his flocks one day, he entered into a cave, where he fell asleep. His sleep continued for 40 or 47, or according to Pliny, 57 years, and when he awoke, he found every object so considerably altered, that he scarce knew where he was. His brother apprised him of the length of his sleep, to his great astonishment. It is supposed that he lived 289 years. After death he was revered as a god, and greatly honoured by the Athenians, whom he had delivered from a plague, and to whom he had given many good and useful counsels. He is said to be the first who built temples in the Grecian communities. Cicero, de Divinatione, bk. 1, ch. 34.—Diogenes Laërtius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers.—Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 14.—Plutarch, Solon.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 8, ch. 13.—Strabo, bk. 10.—Pliny, bk. 7, ch. 12.

Epĭmētheus, a son of Japetus and Clymene, one of the Oceanides, who inconsiderately married Pandora, by whom he had Pyrrha the wife of Deucalian. He had the curiosity to open the box which Pandora had brought with her [See: Pandora], and from thence issued a train of evils, which from that moment have never ceased to afflict the human race. Hope was the only one which remained at the bottom of the box, not having sufficient time to escape, and it is she alone which comforts men under misfortunes. Epimetheus was changed into a monkey by the gods, and sent into the island of Pithecusa. Apollodorus, bk. 1, chs. 2 & 7.—Hyginus, fable.—Hesiod, Theogony. See: Prometheus.

Epĭmēthis, a patronymic of Pyrrha the daughter of Epimetheus. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 1, li. 390.

Epĭochus, a son of Lycurgus, who received divine honours in Arcadia.

Epiŏne, the wife of Æsculapius. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 29.

Epiphanea, a town of Cilicia, near Issus, now Surpendkar. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 27.—Cicero, Letters to his Friends, bk. 15, ltr. 4.——Another of Syria on the Euphrates. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 24.

Epiphănes (illustrious), a surname given to the Antiochi, kings of Syria.——A surname of one of the Ptolemies, the fifth of the house of the Lagidæ. Strabo, bk. 17.

Epipanius, a bishop of Salamis, who was active in refuting the writings of Origen; but his compositions are more valuable for the fragments which they preserve than for their own intrinsic merit. The only edition is by Dionysius Petavius, 2 vols., Paris, 1622. The bishop died A.D. 403.

Epipŏlæ, a district of Syracuse, on the north side, surrounded by a wall by Dionysius, who, to complete the work expeditiously, employed 60,000 men upon it, so that in 30 days he finished a wall 4¾ miles long, and of great height and thickness.

Epīrus, a country situate between Macedonia, Achaia, and the Ionian sea. It was formerly governed by kings, of whom Neoptolemus son of Achilles was one of the first. It was afterwards joined to the empire of Macedonia, and at last became a part of the Roman dominions. It is now called Larta. Strabo, bk. 7.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 3.—Ptolemy, bk. 3, ch. 14.—Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 1.—Virgil, Georgics, bk. 3, li. 121.

Epistrŏphus, a son of Iphitus king of Phocis, who went to the Trojan war. Homer, Iliad.

Epitades, a man who first violated a law of Lycurgus, which forbade laws to be made. Plutarch, Agis.

Epitus. See: Epytus.

Epium, a town of Peloponnesus on the borders of Arcadia.

Epŏna, a beautiful girl, the fruit, it is said, of a man’s union with a mare.

Epŏpeus, a son of Neptune and Canace, who came from Thessaly to Sicyon, and carried away Antiope, daughter of Nicteus king of Thebes. This rape was followed by a war, in which Nycteus and Epopeus were both killed. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 6.—Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 7, &c.——A son of Aloeus, grandson to Phœbus. He reigned at Corinth. Pausanias, bk. 2, chs. 1 & 3.——One of the Tyrrhene sailors, who attempted to abuse Bacchus. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 3, li. 619.

Eporedōrix, a powerful person among the Ædui, who commanded his countrymen in their war against the Sequani. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 7, ch. 67.

Epŭlo, a Rutulian killed by Achates. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 12, li. 459.

Epytides, a patronymic given to Periphas the son of Epytus, and the companion of Ascanius. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 5, li. 547.

Epy̆tus, a king of Alba. Ovid, Fasti, bk. 4, li. 44.——A king of Arcadia.——A king of Messenia, of the family of the Heraclidæ.——The father of Periphus, a herald in the Trojan war. Homer, Iliad, bk. 17.

Equajusta, a town of Thessaly.

Equĭcŏlus, a Rutulian engaged in the wars of Æneas. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 9, li. 684.

Equīria, festivals established at Rome by Romulus, in honour of Mars, when horse-races and games were exhibited in the Campus Martius. Varro, de Lingua Latina, bk. 5, ch. 3.—Ovid, Fasti, bk. 2, li. 859.

Equotutĭcum, now Castel Franco, a little town of Apulia, to which, as some suppose, Horace alludes in this verse, bk. 1, satire 5, li. 87,

Mansuri oppidulo, versu quod dicere non est.

Eracon, an officer of Alexander, imprisoned for his cruelty. Curtius, bk. 10.

Eræa, a city of Greece, destroyed in the age of Strabo, bk. 3.

Erana, a small village of Cilicia on mount Amanus. Cicero, Letters to his Friends, bk. 15, ltr. 4.

Erăsēnus, a river of Peloponnesus, flowing for a little space under the ground, in Argolis. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 15, li. 275.—Pliny, bk. 2, ch. 13.

Erasippus, a son of Hercules and Lysippe.

Erasistrătus, a celebrated physician, grandson to the philosopher Aristotle. He discovered by the motion of the pulse the love which Antiochus had conceived for his mother-in-law Stratonice, and was rewarded with 100 talents for the cure by the father of Antiochus. He was a great enemy to bleeding and violent physic. He died B.C. 257. Valerius Maximus, bk. 5, ch. 7.—Plutarch, Demetrius.

Erăto, one of the muses who presided over lyric, tender, and amorous poetry. She is represented as crowned with roses and myrtle, holding in her right hand a lyre, and a lute in her left, musical instruments of which she is considered by some as the inventress. Love is sometimes placed by her side holding a lighted flambeau, while she herself appears with a thoughtful, but oftener with a gay and animated look. She was invoked by lovers, especially in the month of April, which, among the Romans, was more particularly devoted to love. Apollodorus, bk. 10.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 7, li. 37.—Ovid, de Ars Amatoria, bk. 2, li. 425.——One of the Nereides. Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 2.——One of the Dryades, wife of Arcas king of Arcadia. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 4.——One of the Danaides, who married Bromius.——A queen of the Armenians, after the death of Ariobarzanes, &c. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 2, ch. 4.

Eratosthĕnes, son of Aglaus, was a native of Cyrene, and the second entrusted with the care of the Alexandrian library. He dedicated his time to grammatical criticism and philosophy, but more particularly to poetry and mathematics. He has been called a second Plato, the cosmographer and the geometer of the world. He is supposed to be the inventor of the armillary sphere. With the instruments with which the munificence of the Ptolemies supplied the library of Alexandria, he was enabled to measure the obliquity of the ecliptic, which he called 20½ degrees. He also measured a degree of the meridian, and determined the extent and circumference of the earth with great exactness, by means adopted by the moderns. He starved himself after he had lived to his 82nd year, B.C. 194. Some few fragments remain of his compositions. He collected the annals of the Egyptian kings by order of one of the Ptolemies. Cicero, Letters to Atticus, bk. 2, ltr. 6.—Varro, de Re Rustica, bk. 1, ch. 2.

Eratostrătus, an Ephesian who burnt the famous temple of Diana, the same night that Alexander the Great was born. This burning, as some writers have observed, was not prevented or seen by the goddess of the place, who was then present at the labours of Olympias, and the birth of the conqueror of Persia. Eratostratus did this villainy merely to eternize his name by so uncommon an action. Plutarch, Alexander.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 8, ch. 14.

Erātus, a son of Hercules and Dynaste. Apollodorus.——A king of Sicyon, who died B.C. 1671.

Erbessus, a town of Sicily north of Agrigentum, now Monte Bibino. Livy, bk. 24, ch. 30.

Erchia, a small village of Attica, the birthplace of Xenophon. Diogenes Laërtius, bk. 2, ch. 48.

Erĕbus, a deity of hell, son of Chaos and Darkness. He married Night, by whom he had the light and the day. The poets often used the word Erebus to signify hell itself, and particularly that part where dwelt the souls of those who had lived a virtuous life, from whence they passed into the Elysian fields. Cicero, de Natura Deorum, bk. 3, ch. 17.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 4, li. 26.

Erechtheus, son of Pandion I., was the sixth king of Athens. He was father of Cecrops II., Merion, Pandorus, and of four daughters, Creusa, Orithya, Procris, and Othonia, by Praxithea. In a war against Eleusis he sacrificed Othonia, called also Chthonia, to obtain a victory which the oracle promised for such a sacrifice. In that war he killed Eumolpus, Neptune’s son, who was the general of the enemy, for which he was struck with thunder by Jupiter at Neptune’s request. Some say that he was drowned in the sea. After death he received divine honours at Athens. He reigned 50 years, and died B.C. 1347. According to some accounts, he first introduced the mysteries of Ceres at Eleusis. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 6, li. 877.—Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 25.—Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 15.—Cicero, For Sestius, ch. 21; Tusculanæ Disputationes, bk. 1, ch. 48; Natura Deorum, bk. 3, ch. 15.

Erechthĭdes, a name given to the Athenians, from their king Erechtheus. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 7, li. 430.

Erembi, a people of Arabia.

Erēmus, a country of Ethiopia.

Erenēa, a village of Megara. Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 44.

Eressa, a town of Æolia.

Erēsus, a town of Lesbos, where Theophrastus was born.

Erĕtria, a city of Eubœa on the Euripus, anciently called Melaneis and Arotria. It was destroyed by the Persians, and the ruins were hardly visible in the age of Strabo. It received its name from Eretrius, a son of Phaeton. Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 8, &c.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 7.—Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 12.—Cornelius Nepos, Miltiades, ch. 4.

Erētum, a town of the Sabines near the Tiber, whence came the adjective Eretinus. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 7, li. 711.—Tibullus, bk. 4, poem 8, li. 4.

Eruthalion, a man killed by Nestor in a war between the Pylians and Arcadians. Homer, Iliad.

Ergăne, a river whose waters intoxicated as wine.——A surname of Minerva. Pausanias, bk. 5, ch. 14.

Ergenna, a celebrated soothsayer of Etruria. Persius, satire 2, li. 26.

Ergias, a Rhodian who wrote a history of his country.

Ergīnus, a king of Orchomenos, son of Clymenus. He obliged the Thebans to pay him a yearly tribute of 100 oxen, because his father had been killed by a Theban. Hercules attacked his servants, who came to raise the tribute, and mutilated them, and he afterwards killed Erginus, who attempted to avenge their death by invading Bœotia with an army. Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 17.——A river of Thrace. Mela, bk. 2, ch. 2.——A son of Neptune.——One of the four brothers who kept the Acrocorinth, by order of Antigonus. Polyænus, bk. 6.

Erginnus, a man made master of the ship Argo by the Argonauts, after the death of Typhis.

Eribœa, a surname of Juno. Homer, Iliad, bk. 5.——The mother of Ajax Telamon. Sophocles.

Eribotes, a man skilled in medicine, &c. Orpheus.

Erĭcētes, a man of Lycaonia, killed by Messapus in Italy. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 10, li. 749.

Erichtho, a Thessalian woman famous for her knowledge of poisonous herbs and medicine. Lucan, bk. 6, li. 507.——One of the Furies. Ovid.—Hesiod, bk. 2, li. 151.

Erichthŏnius, the fourth king of Athens, sprung from the seed of Vulcan, which fell upon the ground when that god attempted to offer violence to Minerva. He was very deformed, and had the tails of serpents instead of legs. Minerva placed him in a basket, which she gave to the daughters of Cecrops, with strict injunctions not to examine its contents. Aglauros, one of the sisters, had the curiosity to open the basket, for which the goddess punished her indiscretion by making her jealous of her sister Herse. See: Herse. Erichthon was young when he ascended the throne of Athens. He reigned 50 years, and died B.C. 1437. The invention of chariots is attributed to him, and the manner of harnessing horses to draw them. He was made a constellation after death under the name of Bootes. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 2, li. 553.—Hyginus, fable 166.—Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 14.—Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 2.—Virgil, Georgics, bk. 3, li. 113.——A son of Dardanus, who reigned in Troy, and died 1374 B.C., after a long reign of about 75 years. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 10.

Ericinium, a town of Macedonia.

Ericūsa, one of the Lipari isles, now Alicudi.

Erĭdănus, one of the largest rivers of Italy, rising in the Alps, and falling into the Adriatic by several mouths; now called the Po. It was in its neighbourhood that the Heliades, the sisters of Phaeton, were changed into poplars, according to Ovid. Virgil calls it the king of all rivers, and Lucan compares it to the Rhine and Danube. An Eridanus is mentioned in heaven. Cicero, Aratus, li. 145.—Claudian, Panegyricus de Consulatu Honorii Augusti, bk. 6, li. 175.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 2, fable 3.—Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 3.—Strabo, bk. 5.—Lucan, bk. 2, li. 409.—Virgil, Georgics, bk. 1, li. 482; Æneid, bk. 6, li. 659.

Erĭgŏne, a daughter of Icarius, who hung herself when she heard that her father had been killed by some shepherds whom he had intoxicated. She was made a constellation, now known under the name of Virgo. Bacchus deceived her by changing himself into a beautiful grape. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 6, fable 4.—Statius, bk. 11, Thebiad, li. 644.—Virgil, Georgics, bk. 1, li. 33.—Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 14.—Hyginus, fables 1 & 24.——A daughter of Ægisthus and Clytemnestra, who had by her brother Orestes, Penthilus, who shared the regal power with Timasenus, the legitimate son of Orestes and Hermione. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 18.—Paterculus, bk. 1, ch. 1.

Erigoneius, a name applied to the Dog-star, because looking towards Erigone, &c. Ovid, Fasti, bk. 5, li. 723.

Erĭgŏnus, a river of Thrace.——A painter. Pliny, bk. 35, ch. 11.

Erigȳus, a Mitylenean, one of Alexander’s officers. Curtius, bk. 6, ch. 4.

Erillus, a philosopher of Carthage, contemporary with Zeno. Diogenes Laërtius.

Erindes, a river of Asia, near Parthia. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 11, ch. 16.

Erinna, a poetess of Lesbos, intimate with Sappho. Pliny, bk. 34, ch. 8.

Erinnys, the Greek name of the Eumenides. The word signifies the fury of the mind, ἐρις νους. See: Eumenides. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 2, li. 337.——A surname of Ceres, on account of her amour with Neptune under the form of a horse. Pausanias, bk. 8, chs. 25 & 42.

Eriopis, a daughter of Medea. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 3.

Eriphănis, a Greek woman famous for her poetical compositions. She was extremely fond of the hunter Melampus, and to enjoy his company she accustomed herself to live in the woods. Athenæus, bk. 14.

Eriphidas, a Lacedæmonian, who being sent to suppress a sedition at Heraclea, assembled the people and beheaded 500 of the ringleaders. Diodorus, bk. 14.

Erĭphȳle, a sister of Adrastus king of Argos, who married Amphiaraus. She was daughter of Talaus and Lysimache. When her husband concealed himself that he might not accompany the Argives in their expedition against Thebes, where he knew he was to perish, Eriphyle suffered herself to be bribed by Polynices with a golden necklace, which had been formerly given to Hermione by the goddess Venus, and she discovered where Amphiaraus was. This treachery of Eriphyle compelled him to go to the war; but before he departed, he charged his son Alcmæon to murder his mother as soon as he was informed of his death. Amphiaraus perished in the expedition, and his death was no sooner known than his last injunctions were obeyed, and Eriphyle was murdered by the hands of her son. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 445.—Homer, Odyssey, bk. 11.—Cicero, Against Verres, bk. 4, ch. 18.—Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 9; bk. 3, chs. 6 & 7.—Hyginus, fable 73.—Pausanias, bk. 5, ch. 17.

Eris, the goddess of discord among the Greeks. She is the same as the Discordia of the Latins. See: Discordia.

Erisichthon, a Thessalian, son of Triops, who derided Ceres and cut down her groves. This impiety irritated the goddess, who afflicted him with continual hunger. He squandered all his possessions to gratify the cravings of his appetite, and at last he devoured his own limbs for want of food. His daughter Metra had the power of transforming herself into whatever animal she pleased, and she made use of that artifice to maintain her father, who sold her, after which she assumed another shape, and became again his property. Ovid, Metamorphoses, fable 18.

Erithus, a son of Actor, killed by Perseus. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 5.

Erixo, a Roman knight condemned by the people for having whipped his son to death. Seneca, bk. 1, de Clementia, ch. 14.

Erōchus, a town of Phocis. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 3.

Erōpus or Æropes, a king of Macedonia, who when in the cradle succeeded his father Philip I., B.C. 602. He made war against the Illyrians, whom he conquered. Justin, bk. 7, ch. 2.

Eros, a servant of whom Antony demanded a sword to kill himself. Eros produced the instrument, but instead of giving it to his master, he killed himself in his presence. Plutarch, Antonius.——A comedian. Cicero, For Quintus Roscius the Actor, ch. 2.——A son of Chronos or Saturn, god of love. See: Cupido.

Erostrătus. See: Eratostratus.

Erōtia, a festival in honour of Eros the god of love. It was celebrated by the Thespians every fifth year with sports and games, when musicians and all others contended. If any quarrels or seditions had arisen among the people, it was then usual to offer sacrifices and prayers to the god, that he would totally remove them.

Errūca, a town of the Volsci of Italy.

Erse, a daughter of Cecrops. See: Herse.

Erxias, a man who wrote a history of Colophon. He is perhaps the same as the person who wrote a history of Rhodes.

Eryălus, a Trojan chief killed by Patroclus. Homer, Iliad, bk. 16, li. 411.

Erybium, a town at the foot of mount Parnassus.

Erycīna, a surname of Venus from mount Eryx, where she had a temple. She was also worshipped at Rome under this appellation. Ovid, Fasti, bk. 4, li. 874.—Horace, bk. 1, ode 2, li. 33.

Ery̆manthis, a surname of Callisto, as an inhabitant of Erymanthus.——Arcadia is also known by that name.

Erymanthus, a mountain, river, and town of Arcadia, where Hercules killed a prodigious boar, which he carried on his shoulders to Eurystheus, who was so terrified at the sight that he hid himself in a brazen vessel. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 24.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 802.—Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 6.—Cicero, Tusculanæ Disputationes, bk. 2, ch. 8; bk. 4, ch. 22.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 2, li. 499.

Ery̆mas, a Trojan killed by Turnus. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 9, li. 702.

Erymnæ, a town of Thessaly. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 24.——Of Magnesia.

Erymneus, a peripatetic philosopher, who flourished B.C. 126.

Ery̆mus, a huntsman of Cyzicus.

Erythea, an island between Gades and Spain, where Geryon reigned. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 22.—Mela, bk. 3, ch. 6.—Propertius, bk. 4, poem 10, li. 1.—Silius Italicus, bk. 16, li. 195.—Ovid, Fasti, bk. 5, li. 649.——A daughter of Geryon. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 37.

Erythīni, a town of Paphlagonia.

Erȳthræ, a town of Ionia opposite Chios, once the residence of a Sybil. It was built by Neleus the son of Codrus. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 12.—Livy, bk. 44, ch. 28; bk. 38, ch. 39.——A town of Bœotia. Livy, bk. 6, ch. 21.——One in Libya,——another in Locris.

Ery̆thræum mare, a part of the ocean on the coast of Arabia. As it has a communication with the Persian gulf, and that of Arabia or the Red sea, it has often been mistaken by the ancient writers, who by the word Erythran, understood indiscriminately either the Red sea or the Persian gulf. It received this name either from Erythras, or from the redness (ἐρυθρος, ruber) of its sand or waters. Curtius, bk. 8, ch. 9.—Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 23.—Herodotus, bk. 1, chs. 180 & 189; bk. 3, ch. 93; bk. 4, ch. 37.—Mela, bk. 3, ch. 8.

Ery̆thras, a son of Hercules. Apollodorus.——A son of Perseus and Andromeda, drowned in the Red sea, which from him was called Erythræum. Arrian, Indica, bk. 6, ch. 10.—Mela, bk. 3, ch. 7.

Erythrion, a son of Athamas and Themistone. Apollodorus.

Ery̆thros, a place of Latium.

Eryx, a son of Butes and Venus, who, relying upon his strength, challenged all strangers to fight with him in the combat of the cestus. Hercules accepted his challenge after many had yielded to his superior dexterity, and Eryx was killed in the combat, and buried on the mountain, where he had built a temple to Venus. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 5, li. 402.——An Indian killed by his subjects for opposing Alexander, &c. Curtius, bk. 8, ch. 11.——A mountain of Sicily, now Giuliano, near Drepanum, which received its name from Eryx, who was buried there. This mountain was so steep that the houses which were built upon it seemed every moment ready to fall. Dædalus had enlarged the top, and enclosed it with a strong wall. He also consecrated there to Venus Erycina a golden heifer, which so much resembled life, that it seemed to exceed the power of art. Ovid, Fasti, bk. 4, li. 478.—Hyginus, fables 16 & 260.—Livy, bk. 22, ch. 9.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 7.—Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 16.

Eryxo, the mother of Battus, who artfully killed the tyrant Learchus who courted her. Herodotus, bk. 4, ch. 160.

Esernus, a famous gladiator. Cicero.

Esquĭliæ and Esquilīnus mons, one of the seven hills of Rome, which was joined to the city by king Tullus. Birds of prey generally came to devour the dead bodies of criminals who had been executed there, and thence they were called Esquilinæ alites. Livy, bk. 2, ch. 11.—Horace, epode 5, li. 100.—Tacitus, Annals, bk. 2, ch. 32.

Essedŏnes, a people of Asia, above the Palus Mæotis, who ate the flesh of their parents mixed with that of cattle. They gilded the head and kept it as sacred. Mela, bk. 2, ch. 1.—Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 12.

Essui, a people of Gaul.

Estiæotis, a district of Thessaly on the river Peneus.

Esŭla, a town of Italy near Tibur. Horace, bk. 3, ode 29, li. 6.

Estiaia, solemn sacrifices to Vesta, of which it was unlawful to carry away anything or communicate it to anybody.

Etearchus, a king of Oaxus in Crete. After the death of his wife, he married a woman who made herself odious for her tyranny over her stepdaughter Phronima. Etearchus gave ear to all the accusations which were brought against his daughter, and ordered her to be thrown into the sea. She had a son called Battus, who led a colony to Cyrene. Herodotus, bk. 4, ch. 154.

Eteŏcles, a son of Œdipus and Jocasta. After his father’s death, it was agreed between him and his brother Polynices, that they should both share the royalty, and reign alternately each a year. Eteocles by right of seniority first ascended the throne, but after the first year of his reign was expired, he refused to give up the crown to his brother according to their mutual agreement. Polynices, resolving to punish such an open violation of a solemn engagement, went to implore the assistance of Adrastus king of Argos. He received that king’s daughter in marriage, and was soon after assisted with a strong army, headed by seven famous generals. These hostile preparations were watched by Eteocles, who on his part did not remain inactive. He chose seven brave chiefs to oppose the seven leaders of the Argives, and stationed them at the seven gates of the city. He placed himself against his brother Polynices, and he opposed Menalippus to Tydeus, Polyphontes to Capaneus, Megareus to Eteoclus, Hyperbius to Parthenopæus, and Lasthenes to Amphiaraus. Much blood was shed in light and unavailing skirmishes, and it was at last agreed between the two brothers that the war should be decided by single combat. They both fell in an engagement conducted with the most inveterate fury on either side, and it is even said that the ashes of these two brothers, who had been so inimical one to the other, separated themselves on the burning pile, as if, even after death, sensible of resentment and hostile to reconciliation. Statius, Thebiad.—Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 5, &c.—Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes.—Euripides, Phœnician Women.—Pausanias, bk. 5, ch. 9; bk. 9, ch. 6.——A Greek, the first who raised altars to the Graces. Pausanias.

Eteŏclus, one of the seven chiefs of the army of Adrastus, in his expedition against Thebes, celebrated for his valour, for his disinterestedness, and magnanimity. He was killed by Megareus the son of Creon under the walls of Thebes. Euripides.—Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 6.——A son of Iphis.

Eteocrētæ, an ancient people of Crete.

Eteones, a town of Bœotia on the Asopus. Statius, Thebiad, bk. 7, li. 266.

Eteoneus, an officer at the court of Menelaus, when Telemachus visited Sparta. He was son of Bœthus. Homer, Odyssey, bk. 4, li. 22.

Eteonīcus, a Lacedæmonian general, who upon hearing that Callicratidas was conquered at Arginusæ, ordered the messengers of this news to be crowned, and to enter Mitylene in triumph. This so terrified Conon, who besieged the town, that he concluded that the enemy had obtained some advantageous victory, and he raised the siege. Diodorus, bk. 13.—Polyænus, bk. 1.

Etēsiæ, periodical northern winds of a gentle and mild nature, very common for five or six weeks in the months of spring and autumn. Lucretius, bk. 5, li. 741.

Ethalion, one of the Tyrrhene sailors changed into dolphins for carrying away Bacchus. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 3, li. 647.

Etheleum, a river of Asia, the boundary of Troas and Mysia. Strabo.

Ethŏda, a daughter of Amphion and Niobe.

Ethēmon, a person killed at the marriage of Andromeda. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 5, li. 163.

Etias, a daughter of Æneas. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 22.

Etis, a town of Peloponnesus. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 22.

Etrūria. See: Hetruria.

Etrusci, the inhabitants of Etruria, famous for their superstitions and enchantments. See: Hetruria. Cicero, Letters to his Friends, bk. 6, ltr. 6.—Livy, bk. 2, ch. 34.

Etylus, the father of Theocles. Livy, bk. 6, ch. 19.

Evadne, a daughter of Iphis or Iphicles of Argos, who slighted the addresses of Apollo, and married Capancus, one of the seven chiefs who went against Thebes. When her husband had been struck with thunder by Jupiter for his blasphemies and impiety, and his ashes had been separated from those of the rest of the Argives, she threw herself on his burning pile, and perished in the flames. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 447.—Propertius, bk. 1, poem 15, li. 21.—Statius, Thebiad, bk. 12, li. 800.——A daughter of the Strymon and Neæra. She married Argus, by whom she had four children. Apollodorus, bk. 2.

Evages, a poet, famous for his genius but not for his learning.

Evăgŏras, a king of Cyprus who retook Salamis, which had been taken from his father by the Persians. He made war against Artaxerxes the king of Persia, with the assistance of the Egyptians, Arabians, and Tyrians, and obtained some advantage over the fleet of his enemy. The Persians, however, soon repaired their losses, and Evagoras saw himself defeated by sea and land, and obliged to be tributary to the power of Artaxerxes, and to be stripped of all his dominions, except the town of Salamis. He was assassinated soon after this fatal change of fortune by a eunuch, 374 B.C. He left two sons, Nicocles, who succeeded him, and Protagoras, who deprived his nephew Evagoras of his possessions. Evagoras deserves to be commended for his sobriety, moderation, and magnanimity, and if he was guilty of any political error in the management of his kingdom, it may be said that his love of equity was a full compensation. His grandson bore the same name, and succeeded his father Nicocles. He showed himself oppressive, and his uncle Protagoras took advantage of his unpopularity to deprive him of his power. Evagoras fled to Artaxerxes Ochus, who gave him a government more extensive than that of Cyprus, but his oppression rendered him odious, and he was accused before his benefactor, and by his orders put to death. Cornelius Nepos, bk. 12, ch. 2.—Diodorus, bk. 14.—Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 3.—Justin, bk. 5, ch. 6.——A man of Elis, who obtained a prize at the Olympian games. Pausanias, bk. 5, ch. 8.——A Spartan, famous for his services to the people of Elis. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 10.——A son of Neleus and Chloris. Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 9.——A son of Priam. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 12.——A king of Rhodes.——An historian of Lindos.——Another of Thasos, whose works proved serviceable to Pliny in the compilation of his natural history. Pliny, bk. 10.