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A history of criticism and literary taste in Europe, from the earliest texts to the present day. Volume 1 (of 3), Classical and mediæval criticism cover

A history of criticism and literary taste in Europe, from the earliest texts to the present day. Volume 1 (of 3), Classical and mediæval criticism

Chapter 24: INDEX.
By George Saintsbury
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About This Book

The volume traces the evolution of literary criticism and taste from ancient Greece through medieval Europe, surveying early Homeric and Sophistic comment, Plato and Aristotle’s doctrines of poetics and rhetoric, and the work of Hellenistic scholars, grammarians, and commentators. It examines scholastic and rhetorical traditions, the school exercises and progymnasmata, and the ways critics addressed diction, form, and textual authority. Organized as a systematic historical overview with close readings, translations, and reference material, it maps the principal theories, methods, and institutional practices that shaped European critical thought.

INDEX.

  • Academics, the, 66.
  • Acatalepsy (the Pyrrhonist doctrine of agnosticism), 64.
  • Accius or Attius, L. (b. 170 A.C., d. (?)), tragic poet, 326.
  • Achilleid, the, 269, 410.
  • Achilles Tatius (fl. c. 500 A.D. (?)), novelist, 119 note, 180.
  • Acyrologia = “improper or inexact expression,” 338.
  • Addison, 83, 118.
  • Ad Herennium, 213, 217.
  • Adrianus (d. c. 192 A.D.), rhetorician, 95.
  • Æneid, the, see Virgil.
  • Ærumna, objections to, 251 and note, 297.
  • Æschylus (b. 525 A.C., d. 456), tragic poet, 22, 39, 112, 133, 155, 206, 308.
  • Æsopus, (? ?), fabulist, 409.
  • Æthiopica, the, 180, 181.
  • Afranius, L. (fl. c. 100 A.C.), Roman comic poet, 311.
  • Africa, Petrarch’s, 462.
  • African euphuism, 362.
  • Against the Dogmatists, 64-66.
  • Agave, the, of Statius, 255 and note.
  • Agon, the contentious or argumentative part of a speech, 101.
  • C (12th cent.), moralist, &c., in verse, 411, 414 note, 466.
  • Albinovanus Pedo (fl. c. 1 A.D.), poet, 310, 311.
  • Albinus, see Alcuin.
  • Albucius, Silius (fl. 1st cent. A.C.), declaimer, &c., 238, 360, 432.
  • Alcæus (fl. c. 600), poet, 133 note.
  • Alcidamas (fl. end of 5th cent. A.C.), rhetorician, 45.
  • Alcuin? (or Albinus?) (b. c. 735, d. 804), theologian and rhetorician, 375-377.
  • Aldhelm (b. c. 650 A.D., d. 709), poet and divine, 400 note.
  • Alexander (2nd cent. P.C.?), rhetorician, 102, 105.
  • Allegory, its appearances in, and influences on, Criticism, 10-12, 67-70, 300, 301, 392 sq.
  • ἁμαρτία.
    • (1) The peculiar tragic “sin” on which Aristotle’s idea of tragedy partly hinges, 34 sq.
    • (2) “Fault” generally in the critical sense; but in this ἁμαρτία is perhaps commoner, 44 sq., 168, 285, Bk. II. chap. iii. passim.
  • Amblysia, “blunting” or “toning down,” 338.
  • Ammæus (correspondent of Dion. Hal.), 129 sq.
  • Amplification (auxesis), rhetorical term, sometimes for “raising,” sometimes for “varying,” the subject, 164.
  • Ampulla, 271 and note.
  • Anabasis, the, 309, 318.
  • Anacreon (c. 560 A.C.–480), poet. Criticism of him in the Anthology, 82.
  • ἀναίσχυντος (“anæschyntos”), “the shameless one.” One of the artificial distinctions of case in which the plaintiff seems impudent, 347.
  • ἀνασκευή, refutation, one of the subject divisions of the Progymnasmata, 92 sq.
  • Anatomy of Melancholy, the, 144 note, 194.
  • Anaxagoras (fl. 5th cent. A.C.), philosopher, criticised Homer? 11.
  • Anaximenes of Lampsacus (fl. 4th cent. A.C., with Alexander, 334), historian and rhetorician, 17 note.
  • ἀντέγκλημα. Acceptance and vindication: “justification,” 98.
  • Anthology, the Greek, literary epigrams of, 81-86, 147.
  • —— the Latin, 344, 345.
  • Anti-Claudianus, 410, 414 note.
  • Antimachus of Colophon (or Claros) (fl. c. 400 A.C.), poet, 20 note, 85 note, 133, 307 note.
  • Antimetathesis = “putting the reader in the place of an actor or spectator by vivid narrative,” 157.
  • Antiphanes (fl. 4th cent. A.C.), middle comic poet, 25 and note.
  • Antoninus Pius (Emperor, 138-161 A.D.), 272, 273.
  • Aper, M. (character in Dial. de Clar. Orat.), 280 sq.
  • ἀφελής, simple, plain, 99 sq.
  • Aphthonius (fl. c. 315 A.D.), rhetorician, 90, 92, 93.
  • Apollinaris, see Sidonius.
  • Apollodorus of Pergamus (fl. 1st cent. A.C.), rhetorician, 302.
  • Apollonius, Life of, 119-121, 388.
  • Apollonius Rhodius (fl. c. 200 A.C.), 307, 318, 338.
  • Apology, the Platonic, 237.
  • Apparebit repentina (hymn), 404.
  • Appian (fl. 2nd cent. P.C.), historian, 178.
  • Apsines (fl. c. 235? or c. 300?), rhetorician, 105.
  • Apuleius (fl. 2nd cent. P.C., b. c. 130), novelist, &c., 151, 321, 352, 353, and note.
  • Aquila Romanus, rhetorician, 346.
  • Aquilius Regulus, M. (fl. c. 100), orator, 272 note, 357.
  • ἀρχαῖοι, οἱ. In Arist., &c., “the early philosophers”; in Photius, &c., “the classics” generally. Uncertain when this latter use came in. MSS. of Dion. Halicarn. have in the same pass, some this word and some παλαιοί, 186.
  • Archaism, 45.
  • Architrenius, 410 and note, 414.
  • Arellius Fuscus (fl. just before C.), rhetorician, 236.
  • Argentarius, Marcus (?), epigrammatist and declaimer, 86, 234.
  • Aristarchus (fl. c. 150 A.C.), critic and grammarian, 74-76, 85, 214.
  • Aristides of Smyrna (P. Aelius A. Theodorus) (b. 117 A.D., d. c. 180), rhetorician, 82(?), 105(?), 109, 113-116, 183.
  • —— the Rhetoric of, 105.
  • Aristophanes (b. c. 444 A.C., d. c. 380; Plays, 425-388; Frogs, 405),
  • —— and Menander, Plutarch’s comparison of, 143.
  • —— of Byzantium (fl. c. 264), critic, 74-76.
  • —— (4th cent. A.C.) (client of Libanius), 122.
  • —— the Scholiasts on, 76.
  • Aristotle (b. 384 A.C., d. 322), philosopher, Bk. I. chap. iii. (for headings see Contents), 5, 83 note, 130, 136, 155, 166, 173, 185, 192, 193, 224, 226, 241, 290, 294, 295, 306, 309, 444.
  • Armstrong, 167, 296.
  • Arnold, Matthew (b. 1822, d. 1888), poet and critic, 23, 55, 62 note, 146, 320.
  • Arrian (fl. 2nd cent. P.C.), historian, 178, 179, 270.
  • Arruntius, L., name of two persons, father and son, one consul 22 A.C., the other 6 A.D. Either might be the person referred to by Seneca, 238.
  • Ars Poetica of Horace, 221 sq.
  • Arthur and Arthurian Legend, 423 note and sq., 475, 483.
  • Ascham, Roger, 213, 483.
  • Ataraxia (the Epicurean calm), 63, 64.
  • Athenæus (fl. c. 230 A.D.), 144, 145 note, 186.
  • Athetesis = “marking as spurious,” 80.
  • Atticism, 315.
  • Atticus, Herodes (Tib. Claudius) (b. c. 104 A.D., d. 180), rhetorician, 323.
  • —— T. Pomponius (b. 109 A.C., d. 32), friend of Cicero, 214.
  • Attius, see Accius.
  • Atys or Attis, the, 305.
  • Aucassin et Nicolette, 475.
  • Augustinus, Aurelius (St Augustine) (b. 354 A.D., d. 430), rhetorician, theologian, and bishop, 349, 377-380, 401, 483.
  • Augustus, the Emperor (b. 63 A.C., d. 14 A.D.), his epigram on Fulvia and Martial’s praise of it, 258.
  • Aulic, the, in language, 425 sq.
  • Aungervyle, see Bury.
  • Aurelius, Marcus (M. A. Antoninus) (b. 121 A.D., Roman Emperor, 161, d. 180), 62 and note, 246 note.
  • Ausonius, D. Magnus (b. c. 310 A.D., consul 379, d. c. 390), poet, professor, and prefect, 342, 343, 387.
  • Avienus or Avianus (fl. c. 300 A.D. ?), fabulist, 409.
  • Bacchylides (fl. c. 470 A.C.), poet, 168.
  • Bailiff of Love, the (Le Bailli d’Amour), 455 and note.
  • Bassus, see Cæsius Bassus and Saleius Bassus.
  • Bede, the Venerable (b. c. 673, d. 735), presbyter, historian, &c., 374, 375, 402-405.
  • Bentley (?) on Philostratus, 119.
  • Blair, Dr Hugh, vi, 154 note.
  • “Blunder,” Aristides’ defence of his, 115, 116.
  • Boccaccio, Giovanni (b. 1313, d. 1375), poet, tale-teller, and scholar, 417, 457-464.
  • Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus (b. c. 470 A.D., d. c. 524), statesman and philosopher, 390, 406, 462.
  • Bolognese dialect, 424, 425.
  • Bossuet, 199.
  • Boswell, 271 note.
  • Broad Stone of Honour, the, 372.
  • Browne, Sir T., quoted, 118.
  • rowning, Mr, 226, 424 note.
  • Brunellus, 414 note.
  • Brutus, the, 218, 219.
  • Burke, his “Amplification,” 164, 165.
  • Burton, R., 119;
  • Bury, Richard of, 455, 456 and note.
  • Butcher, Prof. S. H., his Aristotle’s Theory of Poetry and Fine Art, 31 note and Bk. I. ch. iii. notes, passim.
  • Butler, S., on Rhetoric, 43.
  • “Earinos,” 263.
  • Eberhard of Bethune (fl. c. 1200?), author of Labyrinthus (?), 406.
  • Education, Plutarch on, 139 seq.
  • Egger, Émile, his Essai sur l’Histoire de la Critique chez les Grecs (1st ed., 1850), 6, Bk. I., notes, passim.
  • Eikones, the, of Philostratus, 119.
  • εἰσφορὰ νόμου, the “introduction” and discussion of law. One of the Progymnasmata, 91 sq.
  • ἔκφρασις, a set description intended to bring person, place, picture, &c., vividly before the mind’s eye. It is found largely in the Epideictic rhetoricians, and still more largely in the Greek Romances, 119 note.
  • Elevation, 46.
  • Empedocles (fl. c. 444 A.C.), philosopher, his fragments, 13, 14, 156.
  • Empiricus, see Sextus Empiricus.
  • Ennius, Q. (b. 239 A.C., d. 169), poet, 213 note, 310, 324, 401.
  • Epanodos = “deliberate repetition,” 303.
  • Epicheireme (form of rhet. argument), 100 and note.
  • Epictetus (fl. c. 100 A.D.), philosopher, 62.
  • Epicurean, the, 62 sq.
  • Epicurus (b. c. 342 A.C., d. 270), philosopher, 63.
  • Epideictic (the third kind of oratory—the rhetoric of display), Bk. I., chap, iv., passim.
  • ἐπιμέλεια, rhetorically and critically = “exactness,” 99 and note.
  • Epistle to Can Grande, 441, 442.
  • Epistola ad Pisones, 221 sq.
  • Erinna (fl. c. 612 A.C.), poetess, criticisms on her “Distaff,” 82-85.
  • ἑρμηνεία (interpretatio), used in Rhet. rather ambiguously. Generally, as in the treatise of Dem. Phal. (103 sq.), it is nearly equivalent to “Theory of Prose Style.” Interpretatio in Latin is also used of a particular Fig. = conduplicatio, “explaining the thing over again, in different words.”
  • Espinette Amoureuse, L’, 454.
  • Ethopœia, “character-drawing.” This, which was one of the subjects of the Progymnasmata, is sometimes used generally, sometimes for a special technical exercise in making speeches suited to characters and situations (Aphth. distinguishes it from eidolopœia, and includes both in prosopopœia), 90 sq. = Quintilian’s “ethology,” 292.
  • Etymologiæ of Isidore, 400 sq.
  • Eunapius (b. 347 A.D.), sophist, 181.
  • “Euphemesis,” a Fulgentian word = “ritual” (?), 395.
  • Euphues and Euphuism, 139, 389, 394.
  • Eupolis (b. c. 446 A.C., d. c. 411), comic poet, 166.
  • εὕρεσις = inventio, the devising of topics, arguments, &c., suitable to the case; what the orator adds of his own to the facts and the law, 99 sq.
  • Euripides (b. 480 A.C., d. 406), dramatist, 22, 24, 112, 133, 211, 308.
  • Excellentia vocabulorum, 428 sq.
  • Expositio Virgiliana, 392-396.
  • Fable, the, 90, 401.
  • Faultlessness, 168 sq., 285 sq.
  • Favorinus (fl. c. 120 A.D.), rhetorician, 323, 327, 328.
  • Ferrers-Howell, Mr, 417 note and sq.
  • “Figures,” 43, 53, 102, 103 (and Bk. I. ch. iv. passim), 156 sq., 166 sq., 291 (Bk. II. ch. iii. passim), 360 sq., 374 sq., 432.
  • Filocopo, the, 457, 463.
  • Filostrato, the, 457, 463.
  • Flaccus (a critical friend of Martial), 260, 262.
  • —— poets, see Horace and Valerius.
  • Floire et Blanchefleur, 463, 475.
  • Florentine Dialect, 421 sq.
  • Florida, the, 363 and note.
  • Foix, Gaston de, 455.
  • Forms, the artificial, of French poetry, 449.
  • Fortunatianus, see Curius.
  • Fortunatus, see Venantius.
  • “Four, the,” Aristides’ speech for, 115, 116.
  • “Frigidity,” 43, 156.
  • Frogs, The, 6, 21-23, 270 note.
  • Froissart, 453-455.
  • Fronto, M. Cornelius (consul, 146 A.D.), rhetorician, 288 note.
  • Fulgentius, Fabius Planciades (6th cent. P.C.), 392-396, 459.
  • Galliambic metre, 305 and note.
  • Garland, or de Garlandia, John, see John of G.
  • Gascoigne, George (b. 1525 (?), d. 1577), 86, 471.
  • Gautier, Théophile, 62 note
  • Gellius, Aulus (fl. c. 150 A.D.), grammarian and man of letters, 186, 322-329.
  • Geoffrey of Vinsauf, see Vinsauf.
  • Georgius Choeroboscus (4th and 5th cent. P.C.), rhetorician, 103.
  • Georgius Pachymeres (b. c. 1242, d. c. 1310), Byzantine historian and rhetorician, 95.
  • Gesta Romanorum, the, 187, 394.
  • Gibbon, 384 and note.
  • Gifford on Philostratus, &c., 116.
  • Gnomæ, “sentences,” “maxims,” 91 and note, 298.
  • Gorgias of Athens (fl. 1st cent. A.C.), rhetorician, 346.
  • Gorgias of Leontini (fl. 5th cent. A.C. at Athens, 427), rhetorician and sophist, 16, 45, 159, 160.
  • γοργότης, rhetorical and critical term = “nervousness,” “poignancy,” &c., 99.
  • Gracchus, Sempronius (b. c. 160 A.C., d. 121), demagogue, his style, 229 note, 325.
  • Grammar, Quintilian on, 291, 292;
    • in Martianus, 353.
  • Grammarians, the Greek, the Roman, 361, 362.
  • Grammatica (and “grammar”), Dante’s meaning of, 419 sq.
  • Grammaticus = more than mere “grammarian,” 343.
  • Grand Style, the, 336.
  • Graphica lexis, written as opposed to spoken style (v. Aristotle, Rhetoric, iii. 12. 1), 201, 202.
  • Gryll Grange, 381 note.
  • Guest’s English Rhythms, 405.
  • Iamblichus the romancer (fl. c. 100 A.D.), 176, 180;
    • not Iamblichus the philosopher (fl. c. 300 A.D.)
  • Ideas, the Platonic, their bearing on criticism, 18 sq., 67 sq.;
    • rhetorical sense of, 99 sq.
  • Iliad, the scholia on, 80, 81, 474 (see also Homer and Odyssey).
  • “Illustrious Vulgar Tongue,” the, Bk. III. ch. ii. passim.
  • Impressionism, 54. This term has as yet been very loosely defined. As used, for instance, by the late Mr R. A. M. Stevenson in his Velasquez, it carries an almost Aristotelian sense of generalisation from mere impression. But this is certainly not the general theory, and even less the usual practice, of the “Impressionist.”
  • In Memoriam, 93, 94.
  • Institutiones Oratoriæ, 289-321.
  • Ion, the, of Plato, 19, 20
  • Isæus of Chalcis (fl. c. 420, 348 A.C.), one of the Ten Orators, 49, 129 sq.
  • —— the Assyrian (fl. c. 100 A.D.), orator and rhetorical teacher, 272.
  • Isidore of Seville (bishop from 600 A.D. to 636), 375, 400.
  • Isocrates (b. 436 A.C., d. 338), orator or rhetorician, 17, 6-28, 129 sq., 160, 169, 182, 190, 214, 312.
  • Italian Dialects, the, 423 sq.
  • κάθαρσις, purgation or purification, 38.
  • κατεστραμμένη (= periodic), 48 note.
  • Keats, 252.
  • Keil, Herr, 403.
  • Kingsley, C., 270.
  • Macer, Æmilius (d. 16 A.C.), didactic poet, 310, 410.
  • Macrobius, Ambrosius Aurelius Theodorius (fl. c. 400 A.D.), grammarian, 329-334.
  • “Maidens in the Eyes,” the, 160, 161.
  • Malatesta, Sig. Pand., 123 note.
  • Mallius Theodorus, F. (fl. c. 400 A.D.), metrical writer, 404. His definition of rhythm is that it appears in those places of the lyric and tragic poets where certa pedum conlatione neglecta, sola temporum ratio considerata sit.
  • Malory, Sir T., 453.
  • Map or Mapes, Walter (12th cent.), poet, &c., 405, 407 sq., 470.
  • Mari, Signor G., 407 sq.
  • Marius Victorinus, C. (fl. c. 350 A.D.), grammarian and rhetorician, 348, 380.
  • Marlowe, 252.
  • Marsus, Domitius (fl. c. 1 A.D.), poet, &c., 262, 264, 295.
  • Martialis, M. Valerius (b. 43 A.D., d. 104(?)), poet, 256-268, 269, 272, 273, 285, 294, 356.
  • Martianus Capella (M. Minneius Felix C.) (fl. c. 450 (?)), grammarian, &c., 349-354, 377, 406.
  • Master of the Orators, Lucian’s, 150, 151.
  • Maternus, see Curiatius Maternus.
  • Matius or Mattius, C., mimiambic poet, 324 note.
  • Matthias, Vindocinensis (12th cent.?), poet, 411 and note.
  • Maximianus (fl. 5th or 6th cent. P.C.), elegiac poet and epigrammatist, 409.
  • Maximus Tyrius (fl. c. 170 A.D.), rhetorician and philosopher, 109, 117, 118, 457 note.
  • Meiosis, “passing reference,” 297 and note.
  • Meleager (fl. 1st cent. A.C.), poet, 83.
  • Méliador, 453.
  • Menander the dramatist (b. 342 A.C., d. 291), 82;
  • Menander the rhetorician (fl. end of 5th cent. P.C.), his book on Epideictic, 104, 105.
  • Menelaus (mentioned by Longinus, therefore before 3rd cent. (?)), poet, 189.
  • Messal(l)a (M. Valerius M. Corvinus) (b. c. 70 A.C., d. c. 1 A.D.), soldier, statesman, poet, and orator, 239.
  • —— L. Vipstanus, 282 sq.
  • Metalepsis = “exchange of words,” one of the most difficult of these figure-terms. Sometimes it is mere metonymy, as “Hephæstus” for “fire”: sometimes it expresses a much more complicated and arbitrary process, 300.
  • Metaplasm = “change of letters or syllables,” 400.
  • Metaphor, Aristotle on, 43 sq.;
    • Longinus on, 167 sq.;
    • Quintilian on, 299 sq., 376.
  • Metre, definition of, 47 note.
  • Metrodorus (b. c. 330 A.C., d. 277), Epicurean philosopher, 63.
  • “Milesian Tales,” the, 21.
  • Milton, 50, 286, 404.
  • Mimes, the prose Greek, 21 note, 22.
  • Mimesis, “Imitation,” Bk. I. ch. iii., passim.
  • Mimiambic poetry, 208, 276, 324.
  • Minucianus (date?), rhetorician, 105.
  • Moore, Dr, 417 note and sq.
  • Moore, T., 199, 315.
  • Moralia, Plutarch’s, 63, 137 sq.
  • Morley, Prof. H., 455 note.
  • Moyen de Parvenir, the, 243.
  • Munro, Mr H. A. J., 229 note.
  • Murredius, a foolish declaimer in Seneca the Elder, 233 sq.
  • Mycterism = “suppressed sneering,” 301 and #note:f396.
  • Pacuvius, M. (b. c. 220 A.C., d. 130), tragic poet, 326.
  • Pæan or pæon (foot, 3 short 1 long), 47, 305.
  • Palæmon, Q. Remmius (fl. 1st cent. P.C.), schoolmaster and rhetorician, 387 and note.
  • Pamphilus (d. 307 A.D.), scholar, book collector, and martyr, 401, 409.
  • Pange Lingua (hymn), 396.
  • Panther, note on the, 425.
  • Paradiastole = “antithetic distinction,” 303.
  • “Parallel Passage,” the, 322 note, 331 sq.
  • Parasiopesis = “affected reticence,” 303.
  • Parenthesis, 178 note, 296.
  • παρένθυρσον, τὸ, 156, 160.
  • Paris, M. Paulin, 415 note.
  • Parmenides (fl. 5th cent. A.C.), Eleatic philosopher, his fragments, 13.
  • Paromologia = “insidious concession,” 303.
  • “Passions,” Longinus’s lost treatise on, 150.
  • Pasti Cadaveribus, 232.
  • “Patavinity,” 235 note, 296.
  • Patristic view of Criticism, 380-382.
  • Phantasia, 119.
  • Phidias, Dion Chrysostom’s discourse for, 112.
  • Philippus of Thessalonica (fl. c. 100 A.D.), epigrammatist, 85, 86.
  • Peacock, T. L., 381 note.
  • Periodic Style, 48.
  • Periphrasis, 167.
  • περὶ μιμησέως, 133 note.
  • Περὶ Ὕψους, the, 106, 146, 151, 152-174, 197.
  • Persius (A. P. Flaccus) (b. 34 A.D., d. 62), satiric poet, 247-253, 409.
  • Perspicuity, 296.
  • Petrarch, Francis (b. 1304, d. 1374), poet, &c., 432 note, 456, 462.
  • Petronius Arbiter, C. or T. (?) (b. (?), d. 66 A.D.), 242-245, 246.
  • Pexa = “combed-out words,” 429 sq., 439 sq.
  • Phædrus, the, 18-21.
  • Pherecrates (1st prize 438 A.C.), comic poet, 13 note.
  • Philobiblion or Philobiblon, the, 414 note, 455, 456 and note.
  • Philoctetes, Dion Chrysostom on plays about, 109, 110.
  • Philodemus of Gadara (fl. 1st cent. A.C.), epicure and philosopher and poet (?), 63, 64.
  • Philological Homilies, the, of Longinus, 171 note, 187.
  • Philosophy of Rhetoric, Campbell’s, 295 note.
  • Philostratus, Flavius (son of a Lemnian professor of the same name in the 2nd century, and grandfather of a third Philostratus, who, like him, wrote Imagines in the late 3rd cent.) (b. c. 182 A.D., d. c. 250), rhetorician and miscellanist, 109, 118-121, 147.
  • Phœbammon (fl. c. 400 A.D.?), rhetorician, 103.
  • Photius (fl. 9th cent. P.C., Patriarch of Constantinople, 858-886, with interval), lexicographer and literary historian, 121 note, 175-186.
  • Phrynichus (fl. 2nd cent. P.C.), sophist and grammarian, 183.
  • Physiologus, the, 411 and note.
  • Pindar (b. c. 522 A.C., d. c. 442), poet, 131, 132, 308, 327, 333.
  • Piron, 260.
  • Pisistratean redaction of Homer, the, 6, 9.
  • Pistis, 41, 58.
  • “Placing” in Criticism, 291.
  • Plato (b. c. 429 A.C., d. 347), philosopher, 5, 7, 13, 17-21 and note, 51, 66, 83, 108, 112, 145 note, 188, 192, 299, 305, 309, 462.
  • —— and Homer, Max. Tyrius on, 117, 118.
  • Plautus, T. Maccius (b. c. 254 A.C., d. 184), 213 note, 240, 294, 311, 356.
  • Pliny the Elder (C. Plinius Secundus) (b. 23 A.D., d. 79), encyclopædist.
  • Pliny the Younger (C. Plinius Cæcilius Secundus) (b. 61 A.D. d. (?)), advocate, statesman, and letter-writer, 264, 270-279, 357, 358.
  • Plotinus (b. c. 203 A.D., d. 262), philosopher, 67, 68.
  • Plutarch (fl. c. 90 A.D.), biographer and moral philosopher, 63, 66, 108, 137-146, 153, 195.
  • Poema del Cid, 422.
  • Poetic Diction, 436.
  • Poetics, the, 32-39, and Bk. I. ch. iii. passim, 432.
  • Poetry and Philosophy, Max. Tyrius on, 117, 118;
    • Boccaccio on, 457.
  • Pollio, C. Asinius (b. 76 A.C., d. 4 A.D.), orator, poet, &c., 235 and note, 237, 238, 239.
  • Polus (fl. 5th cent. A.C.), rhetorician and sophist, 16.
  • Polybius of Sardis (date?), rhetorician, 103.
  • Polyptoton = “variation of rhetorical effect by using different cases,” 157.
  • Porphyry (-ius) (b. 233 A.D., d. c. 306), philosopher and commentator, 68-70, 80.
  • Prior, Mat., 259.
  • Prison Amoureuse, La, 454.
  • Pro Archia, 221 note.
  • Procatastasis = “introduction to narrative,” 98.
  • Proclus (b. 412 A.D., d. 485), philosopher, 67.
  • Prodiegesis = “preliminary statement,” 98.
  • Progymnasmata, partial declamations: preliminary exercises in the chief parts of a speech, 89 sq.
  • Pro Juvene contra Meretricem, 232, 233.
  • Prometheus Es, the, of Lucian, 149.
  • Prompt, Dr, 417 and note.
  • Propriety, 46.
  • Prose Rhythm, see Rhythm.
  • Prosody, Greek, 201, 202.
  • Protagoras (fl. 5th cent. A.C., at Athens), 430, rhetorician and sophist, 14, 15.
  • Provençal arts of Poetry, 407 note.
  • ——, Dante on, 422 sq.
  • Prudentius, Aurelius Clemens (b. c. 350 A.D., d. c. 420), 364, 365 and note, 471.
  • Psellus (one in 9th, another in 11th cent.), rhetorician, 102.
  • Psychagogia, 66 and note.
  • Puritanism and Literature, 380 sq.
  • “Purity,” 46.
  • Puttenham, G., List of Figures in his Art of Poetry, 44.
  • Pyrrhonists, the, 62 sq.
  • Tacitus, C. Cornelius (b. (?), consul, 97 A.D., d. c. 120 (?)), historian, 212, 219, 270, 271, 274 note:, 277, 280-284 (?), 312, 387.
  • Taine, M., 241, 283 note.
  • Tapeinosis = “mean language,” 297 and note.
  • Tennyson, 241, 252, 326.
  • Terence (P. Terentius Afer), (b. 195 A.C., d. 159), comic poet, 213 note, 311, 387.
  • Terentianus Maurus (fl. c. 100 A.D.), metrical writer, 404 note.
  • Thackeray, 266, 338.
  • Thebaid, the, 269, 394, 410.
  • Themistius (fl.. 4th cent. P.C., prefect of Constantinople, 384), rhetorician, philosopher, and statesman, 109, 123.
  • Theocritus (fl. 3rd cent. A.C.), poet, 307.
  • Theodolus (12th cent.), writer, 409.
  • Theodorus (author of phrase parenthyrson) = probably Th. of Gadara, very famous as rhetorician just before and about the Christian era (there was another Th. of Byzantium in Plato’s time), 156 note.
  • Theon, Aelius (3rd cent. A.D. (?)), rhetorician, 93-95.
  • Theophrastus (b. (?) d. in very old age, 287 A.C.), philosopher, 61 and note, 235 note, 296, 309.
  • Théry, Augustin François (b. 1796, d. 1878), Histoire des opinions Littéraires, vi note, 9 note, 320 note.
  • Thomson, James, 296.
  • Thucydides, son of Olorus (b. 471 A.C., d. c. 401), 111, 129 sq., 190, 305, 312.
  • Tiberius (date ?), rhetorician, 103.
  • Timæus (fl. c. 350-250 A.C.), historian, 160.
  • Tisias (fl. 5th cent. A.C.), rhetorician, 16.
  • Translation, Dante on, 442, 443.
  • “Transport,” Longinus on, 155 sq.
  • Trattatello, Boccaccio’s, on Dante, 457 sq.
  • Trench, Archbishop, 68, 69.
  • Trissino, 417.
  • Tristram Shandy, 243.
  • Trivium, the, 351, 366, 367, 432.
  • “Trojan Oration,” Dion Chrysostom’s, 111.
  • Trope, distinction of, from Figure, 301 note.
  • Troy, the Tale of, 120.
  • Tuscan Dialect, 420 sq.
  • Twelve Wise Men, the, 344.
  • Twice Accused Man, Lucian’s, 150, 151.
  • Tynnichus of Chalcis (fl. 5th cent. A.C. (?)), poet, 20 and note.
  • Tzetzes, John (12th cent.), grammarian, 175.
  • Umbraticus doctor, 244 note.
  • Unity of Action the only true Aristotelian “Unity,” 37.
  • Xenophanes of Colophon (fl. 6th cent. A.C.), philosopher, 11;
    • his fragments, 12, 13.
  • Xenophon (b. c. 444 A.C., d. c. 354), historian, historical novelist, and miscellaneous writer, 161, 309.
  • Youthfulness, mediæval, 470 sq.
  • Zenodotus (fl. c. 208), grammarian and critic, 74, 75.
  • Zoilus (fl. 4th cent. A.C.), 75, 79, 302.
  • Zonæus (date?), rhetorician, 103.
  • ζῷον, meaning of, in the Poetics, 33 note.