Chap. |
Page |
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|---|---|---|
| —Here begins the Description of the Interior of Cathay; and first of the River Pulisanghin | 3 |
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| Notes.—1. Marco’s Route. 2. The Bridge Pul-i-sangin, or Lu-ku-k’iao. | ||
| —Account of the City of Juju | 10 |
|
| Notes.—1. The Silks called Sendals. 2. Chochau. 3. Bifurcation of Two Great Roads at this point. | ||
| —The Kingdom of Taianfu | 12 |
|
| Notes.—1. Acbaluc. 2. T’ai-yuan fu. 3. Grape-wine of that place. 4. P’ing-yang fu. | ||
| —Concerning the Castle of Caichu. the Golden King and Prester John | 17 |
|
| Notes.—1. The Story and Portrait of the Roi d’Or. 2. Effeminacy reviving in every Chinese Dynasty. | ||
| —How Prester John treated the Golden King his Prisoner | 21 |
|
| —Concerning the Great River Caramoran and the City of Cachanfu | 22 |
|
| Notes.—1. The Kará Muren. 2. Former growth of silk in Shan-si and Shen-si. 3. The akché or asper. | ||
| —Concerning the City of Kenjanfu | 24 |
|
| Notes.—1. Morus alba. 2. Geography of the Route since Chapter XXXVIII. 3. Kenjanfu or Si-ngan fu; the Christian monument there. 4. Prince Mangala. | ||
| —Concerning the Province of Cuncun, which is right wearisome to travel through | 31 |
|
| Note.—The Mountain Road to Southern Shen-si. | ||
| —Concerning the Province of Acbalec Manzi | 33 |
|
| Notes.—1. Geography, and doubts about Acbalec. 2. Further Journey into Sze-ch’wan. | ||
| —Concerning the Province of Sindafu | 36 |
|
| Notes.—1. Ch’êng-tu fu. 2. The Great River or Kiang. 3. The word Comercque. 4. The Bridge-Tolls. 5. Correction of Text. | ||
| —Concerning the Province of Tebet | 42 |
|
| Notes.—1. The Part of Tibet and events referred to. 2. Noise of burning bamboos. 3. Road retains its desolate character. 4. Persistence of eccentric manners illustrated. 5. Name of the Musk animal. | ||
| —Further Discourse concerning Tebet | 49 |
|
| Notes.—1. Explanatory. 2. “Or de Paliolle.” 3. Cinnamon. 4. 5. Great Dogs, and Beyamini oxen. | ||
| —Concerning the Province of Caindu | 53 |
|
| Notes.—1. Explanation from Ramusio. 2. Pearls of Inland Waters. 3. Lax manners. 4. Exchange of Salt for Gold. 5. Salt currency. 6. Spiced Wine. 7. Plant like the Clove, spoken of by Polo. Tribes of this Tract. | ||
| —Concerning the Province of Carajan | 64 |
|
| Notes.—1. Geography of the Route between Sindafu or Ch’êng-tu fu, and Carajan or Yun-nan. 2. Christians and Mahomedans in Yun-nan. 3. Wheat. 4. Cowries. 5. Brine-spring. 6. Parallel. | ||
| —Concerning a further part of the Province of Carajan | 76 |
|
| Notes.—1. City of Talifu. 2. Gold. 3. Crocodiles. 4. Yun-nan horses and riders. Arms of the Aboriginal Tribes. 5. Strange superstition and parallels. | ||
| —Concerning the Province of Zardandan | 84 |
|
| Notes.—1. Carajan and Zardandan. 2. The Gold-Teeth. 3. Male Indolence. 4. The Couvade. (See App. L. 8.) 5. Abundance of Gold. Relation of Gold to Silver. 6. Worship of the Ancestor. 7. Unhealthiness of the climate. 8. Tallies. 9.–12. Medicine-men or Devil-dancers; extraordinary identity of practice in various regions. | ||
| —Wherein is related how the King of Mien and Bangala vowed vengeance against the Great Kaan | 98 |
|
| Notes.—1. Chronology. 2. Mien or Burma. Why the King may have been called King of Bengal also. 3. Numbers alleged to have been carried on elephants. | ||
| —Of the Battle that was fought by the Great Kaan’s Host and his Seneschal against the King of Mien | 101 |
|
| Notes.—1. Nasruddin. 2. Cyrus’s Camels. 3. Chinese Account of the Action. General Correspondence of the Chinese and Burmese Chronologies. | ||
| —Of the Great Descent that leads towards the Kingdom of Mien | 106 |
|
| Notes.—1. Market-days. 2. Geographical difficulties. | ||
| —Concerning the City of Mien, and the Two Towers that are therein, one of Gold, and the other of Silver | 109 |
|
| Notes.—1. Amien. 2. Chinese Account of the Invasion of Burma. Comparison with Burmese Annals. The City intended. The Pagodas. 3. Wild Oxen. | ||
| —Concerning the Province of Bangala | 114 |
|
| Notes.—1. Polo’s view of Bengal; and details of his account illustrated. 2. Great Cattle. | ||
| —Discourses of the Province of Caugigu | 116 |
|
| Note.—A Part of Laos. Papesifu. Chinese Geographical Etymologies. | ||
| —Concerning the Province of Anin | 119 |
|
| Notes.—1. The Name. Probable identification of territory. 2. Textual. | ||
| —Concerning the Province of Coloman | 122 |
|
| Notes.—1. The Name. The Kolo-man. 2. Natural defences of Kwei-chau. | ||
| —Concerning the Province of Cuiju | 124 |
|
| Notes.—1. Kwei-chau. Phungan-lu. 2. Grass-cloth. 3. Tigers. 4. Great Dogs. 5. Silk. 6. Geographical Review of the Route since Chapter LV. 7. Return to Juju. |
| —Concerning the Cities of Cacanfu and Changlu | 132 |
|
| Notes.—1. Pauthier’s Identifications. 2. Changlu. The Burning of the Dead ascribed to the Chinese. | ||
| —Concerning the City of Chinangli, and that of Tadinfu, and the Rebellion of Litan | 135 |
|
| Notes.—1. T’si-nan fu. 2. Silk of Shan-tung. 3. Title Sangon. 4. Agul and Mangkutai. 5. History of Litan’s Revolt. | ||
| —Concerning the Noble City of Sinjumatu | 138 |
|
| Note.—The City intended. The Great Canal. | ||
| —Concerning the Cities of Linju and Piju | 140 |
|
| Notes.—1. Linju. 2. Piju. | ||
| —Concerning the City of Siju, and the Great River Caramoran | 141 |
|
| Notes.—1. Siju. 2. The Hwang-Ho and its changes. 3. Entrance to Manzi; that name for Southern China. | ||
| —How the Great Kaan conquered the Province of Manzi | 144 |
|
| Notes.—1. Meaning and application of the title Faghfur. 2. Chinese self-devotion. 3. Bayan the Great Captain. 4. His lines of Operation. 5. The Juggling Prophecy. 6. The Fall of the Sung Dynasty. 7. Exposure of Infants, and Foundling Hospitals. | ||
| —Concerning the City of Coiganju | 151 |
|
| Note.—Hwai-ngan fu. | ||
| —Of the Cities of Paukin and Cayu | 152 |
|
| Note.—Pao-yng and Kao-yu. | ||
| —Of the Cities of Tiju, Tinju, and Yanju | 153 |
|
| Notes.—1. Cities between the Canal and the Sea. 2. Yang-chau. 3. Marco Polo’s Employment at this City. | ||
| —Concerning the City of Nanghin | 157 |
|
| Note.—Ngan-king. | ||
| —Concerning the very Noble City of Saianfu, and how its Capture was effected | 158 |
|
| Notes.—1. and 2. Various Readings. 3. Digression on the Military Engines of the Middle Ages. 4. Mangonels of Cœur de Lion. 5. Difficulties connected with Polo’s Account of this Siege. | ||
| —Concerning the City of Sinju and the Great River Kian | 170 |
|
| Notes.—1. I-chin hien. 2. The Great Kiang. 3. Vast amount of tonnage on Chinese Waters. 4. Size of River Vessels. 5. Bamboo Tow-lines. 6. Picturesque Island Monasteries. | ||
| —Concerning the City of Caiju | 174 |
|
| Notes.—1. Kwa-chau. 2. The Grand Canal and Rice-Transport. 3. The Golden Island. | ||
| —Of the City of Chinghianfu | 176 |
|
| Note.—Chin-kiang fu. Mar Sarghis, the Christian Governor. | ||
| —Of the City of Chinginju and the Slaughter of certain Alans there | 178 |
|
| Notes.—1. Chang-chau. 2. Employment of Alans in the Mongol Service. 3. The Chang-chau Massacre. Mongol Cruelties. | ||
| —Of the Noble City of Suju | 181 |
|
| Notes.—1. Su-chau. 2. Bridges of that part of China. 3. Rhubarb; its mention here seems erroneous. 4. The Cities of Heaven and Earth. Ancient incised Plan of Su-chau. 5. Hu-chau, Wu-kiang, and Kya-hing. | ||
| —Description of the Great City of Kinsay, which is the Capital of the whole Country of Manzi | 185 |
|
| Notes.—1. King-szé now Hang-chau. 2. The circuit ascribed to the City; the Bridges. 3. Hereditary Trades. 4. The Si-hu or Western Lake. 5. Dressiness of the People. 6. Charitable Establishments. 7. Paved roads. 8. Hot and Cold Baths. 9. Kanp’u, and the Hang-chau Estuary. 10. The Nine Provinces of Manzi. 11. The Kaan’s Garrisons in Manzi. 12. Mourning costume. 13. 14. Tickets recording inmates of houses. | ||
| —[Further Particulars concerning the Great City of Kinsay.] | 200 |
|
(From Ramusio only.) |
||
| Notes.—1. Remarks on these supplementary details. 2. Tides in the Hang-chau Estuary. 3. Want of a good Survey of Hang-chau. The Squares. 4. Marco ignores pork. 5. Great Pears: Peaches. 6. Textual. 7. Chinese use of Pepper. 8. Chinese claims to a character for Good Faith. 9. Pleasure-parties on the Lake. 10. Chinese Carriages. 11. The Sung Emperor. 12. The Sung Palace. Extracts regarding this Great City from other mediæval writers, European and Asiatic. Martini’s Description. | ||
| —Treating of the Yearly Revenue that the Great Kaan hath from Kinsay | 215 |
|
| Notes.—1. Textual. 2. Calculations as to the values spoken of. | ||
| —Of the City of Tanpiju and others | 218 |
|
| Notes.—1. Route from Hang-chau southward. 2. Bamboos. 3. Identification of places. Chang-shan the key to the route. | ||
| —Concerning the Kingdom of Fuju | 224 |
|
| Notes.—1. “Fruit like Saffron.” 2. 3. Cannibalism ascribed to Mountain Tribes on this route. 4. Kien-ning fu. 5. Galingale. 6. Fleecy Fowls. 7. Details of the Journey in Fo-kien and various readings. 8. Unken. Introduction of Sugar-refining into China. | ||
| —Concerning the Greatness of the City of Fuju | 231 |
|
| Notes.—1. The name Chonka, applied to Fo-kien here. Cayton or Zayton. 2. Objections that have been made to identity of Fuju and Fu-chau. 3. The Min River. | ||
| —Of the City and Great Haven of Zayton | 234 |
|
| Notes.—1. The Camphor Laurel. 2. The Port of Zayton or T’swan-chau; Recent objections to this identity. Probable origin of the word Satin. 3. Chinese Consumption of Pepper. 4. Artists in Tattooing. 5. Position of the Porcelain manufacture spoken of. Notions regarding the Great River of China. 6. Fo-kien dialects and variety of spoken language in China. 7. From Ramusio. |
Chap. |
Page |
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|---|---|---|
| —Of the Merchant Ships of Manzi that sail upon the Indian Seas | 249 |
|
| Notes.—1. Pine Timber. 2. Rudder and Masts. 3. Watertight Compartments. 4. Chinese substitute for Pitch. 5. Oars used by Junks. 6. Descriptions of Chinese Junks from other Mediæval Writers. | ||
| —Description of the Island of Chipangu, and the Great Kaan’s Despatch of a Host against it | 253 |
|
| Notes.—1. Chipangu or Japan. 2. Abundance of Gold. 3. The Golden Palace. 4. Japanese Pearls. Red Pearls. | ||
| —What Further came of the Great Kaan’s Expedition against Chipangu | 258 |
|
| Notes.—1. Kúblái’s attempts against Japan. Japanese Narrative of the Expedition here spoken of. (See App. L. 9.) 2. Species of Torture. 3. Devices to procure Invulnerability. | ||
| —Concerning the Fashion of the Idols | 263 |
|
| Notes.—1. Many-limbed Idols. 2. The Philippines and Moluccas. 3. The name Chin or China. 4. The Gulf of Cheinan. | ||
| —Of the Great Country called Chamba | 266 |
|
| Notes.—1. Champa, and Kúblái’s dealings with it. (See App. L. 10). 2. Chronology. 3. Eagle-wood and Ebony. Polo’s use of Persian words. | ||
| —Concerning the Great Island of Java | 272 |
|
| Note.—Java; its supposed vast extent. Kúblái’s expedition against it and failure. | ||
| —Wherein the Isles of Sondur and Condur are spoken of; and the Kingdom of Locac | 276 |
|
| Notes.—1. Textual. 2. Pulo Condore. 3. The Kingdom of Locac, Southern Siam. | ||
| —Of the Island called Pentam, and the City Malaiur | 280 |
|
| Notes.—1. Bintang. 2. The Straits of Singapore. 3. Remarks on the Malay Chronology. Malaiur probably Palembang. | ||
| —Concerning the Island of Java the Less. the Kingdoms of Ferlec and Basma | 284 |
|
| Notes.—1. The Island of Sumatra: application of the term Java. 2. Products of Sumatra. The six kingdoms. 3. Ferlec or Parlák. The Battas. 4. Basma, Pacem, or Pasei. 5. The Elephant and the Rhinoceros. The Legend of Monoceros and the Virgin. 6. Black Falcon. | ||
| —The Kingdoms of Samara and Dagroian | 292 |
|
| Notes.—1. Samara, Sumatra Proper. 2. The Tramontaine and the Mestre. 3. The Malay Toddy-Palm. 4. Dagroian. 5. Alleged custom of eating dead relatives. | ||
| —Of the Kingdoms of Lambri and Fansur | 299 |
|
| Notes.—1. Lambri. 2. Hairy and Tailed Men. 3. Fansur and Camphor Fansuri. Sumatran Camphor. 4. The Sago-Palm. 5. Remarks on Polo’s Sumatran Kingdoms. | ||
| —Concerning the Island of Necuveran | 306 |
|
| Note.—Gauenispola, and the Nicobar Islands. | ||
| —Concerning the Island of Angamanain | 309 |
|
| Note.—The Andaman Islands. | ||
| —Concerning the Island of Seilan | 312 |
|
| Notes.—1. Chinese Chart. 2. Exaggeration of Dimensions. The Name. 3. Sovereigns then ruling Ceylon. 4. Brazil Wood and Cinnamon. 5. The Great Ruby. | ||
| —The Same Continued. The History of Sagamoni Borcan and the beginning of Idolatry | 316 |
|
| Notes.—1. Adam’s Peak, and the Foot thereon. 2. The Story of Sakya-Muni Buddha. The History of Saints Barlaam and Josaphat; a Christianised version thereof. 3. High Estimate of Buddha’s Character. 4. Curious Parallel Passages. 5. Pilgrimages to the Peak. 6. The Pâtra of Buddha, and the Tooth-Relic. 7. Miraculous endowments of the Pâtra; it is the Holy Grail of Buddhism. | ||
| —Concerning the Great Province of Maabar, which is called India the Greater, and is on the Mainland | 331 |
|
| Notes.—1. Ma’bar, its definition, and notes on its Mediæval History. 2. The Pearl Fishery. | ||
| —Continues to speak of the Province of Maabar | 338 |
|
| Notes.—1. Costume. 2. Hindu Royal Necklace. 3. Hindu use of the Rosary. 4. The Saggio. 5. Companions in Death; the word Amok. 6. Accumulated Wealth of Southern India at this time. 7. Horse Importation from the Persian Gulf. 8. Religious Suicides. 9. Suttees. 10. Worship of the Ox. The Govis. 11. Verbal. 12. The Thomacides. 13. Ill-success of Horse-breeding in S. India. 14. Curious Mode of Arrest for Debt. 15. The Rainy Seasons. 16. Omens of the Hindus. 17. Strange treatment of Horses. 18. The Devadásis. 19. Textual. | ||
| —Discoursing of the Place where lieth the Body of St. Thomas the Apostle; and of the Miracles thereof | 353 |
|
| Notes.—1. Mailapúr. 2. The word Avarian. 3. Miraculous Earth. 4. The Traditions of St. Thomas in India. The ancient Church at his Tomb; the ancient Cross preserved on St. Thomas’s Mount. 5. White Devils. 6. The Yak’s Tail. | ||
| —Concerning the Kingdom of Mutfili | 359 |
|
| Notes.—1. Motapallé. The Widow Queen of Telingana. 2. The Diamond Mines, and the Legend of the Diamond Gathering. 3. Buckram. | ||
| —Concerning the Province of Lar whence the Brahmans come | 363 |
|
| Notes.—1. Abraiaman. The Country of Lar. Hindu Character. 2. The Kingdom of Soli or Chola. 3. Lucky and Unlucky Days and Hours. The Canonical Hours of the Church. 4. Omens. 5. Jogis. The Ox-emblem. 6. Verbal. 7. Recurrence of Human Eccentricities. | ||
| —Concerning the City of Cail | 370 |
|
| Notes.—1. Káyal; its true position. Kolkhoi identified. 2. The King Ashar or As-char. 3. Correa, Note. 4. Betel-chewing. 5. Duels. | ||
| —Of the Kingdom of Coilum | 375 |
|
| Notes.—1. Coilum, Coilon, Kaulam, Columbum, Quilon. Ancient Christian Churches. 2. Brazil Wood: notes on the name. 3. Columbine Ginger and other kinds. 4. Indigo. 5. Black Lions. 6. Marriage Customs. | ||
| —Of the Country called Comari | 382 |
|
| Notes.—1. Cape Comorin. 2. The word Gat-paul. | ||
| —Concerning the Kingdom Eli | 385 |
|
| Notes.—1. Mount D’Ely, and the City of Hili-Máráwi. 2. Textual. 3. Produce. 4. Piratical custom. 5. Wooden Anchors. | ||
| —Concerning the Kingdom of Melibar | 389 |
|
| Notes.—1. Dislocation of Polo’s Indian Geography. The name of Malabar. 2. Verbal. 3. Pirates. 4. Cassia: Turbit: Cubebs. 5. Cessation of direct Chinese trade with Malabar. | ||
| —Concerning the Kingdom of Gozurat | 392 |
|
| Notes.—1. Topographical Confusion. 2. Tamarina. 3. Tall Cotton Trees. 4. Embroidered Leather-work. | ||
| —Concerning the Kingdom of Tana | 395 |
|
| Notes.—1. Tana, and the Konkan. 2. Incense of Western India. | ||
| —Concerning the Kingdom of Cambaet | 397 |
|
| Note.—Cambay. | ||
| —Concerning the Kingdom of Semenat | 398 |
|
| Note.—Somnath, and the so-called Gates of Somnath. | ||
| —Concerning the Kingdom of Kesmacoran | 401 |
|
| Notes.—1. Kij-Mekrán. Limit of India. 2. Recapitulation of Polo’s Indian Kingdoms. | ||
| —Discourseth of the Two Islands called Male and Female, and why they are so called | 404 |
|
| Note.—The Legend and its diffusion. | ||
| —Concerning the Island of Scotra | 406 |
|
| Notes.—1. Whales of the Indian Seas. 2. Socotra and its former Christianity. 3. Piracy at Socotra. 4. Sorcerers. | ||
| —Concerning the Island of Madeigascar | 411 |
|
| Notes.—1. Madagascar; some confusion here with Magadoxo. 2. Sandalwood. 3. Whale-killing. The Capidoglio or Sperm-Whale. 4. The Currents towards the South. 5. The Rukh (and see Appendix L. 11). 6. More on the dimensions assigned thereto. 7. Hippopotamus Teeth. | ||
| —Concerning the Island of Zanghibar. A Word on India in General | 422 |
|
| Notes.—1. Zangibar; Negroes. 2. Ethiopian Sheep. 3. Giraffes. 4. Ivory trade. 5. Error about Elephant-taming. 6. Number of Islands assigned to the Indian Sea. 7. The Three Indies, and various distributions thereof. Polo’s Indian Geography. | ||
| —Treating of the Great Province of Abash, which is Middle India, and is on the Mainland | 427 |
|
| Notes.—1. Ḥabash or Abyssinia. Application of the name India to it. 2. Fire Baptism ascribed to the Abyssinian Christians. 3. Polo’s idea of the position of Aden. 4. Taming of the African Elephant for War. 5. Marco’s Story of the Abyssinian Invasion of the Mahomedan Low-Country, and Review of Abyssinian Chronology in connection therewith. 6. Textual. | ||
| —Concerning the Province of Aden | 438 |
|
| Notes.—1. The Trade to Alexandria from India viâ Aden. 2. “Roncins à deux selles.” 3. The Sultan of Aden. The City and its Great Tanks. 4. The Loss of Acre. | ||
| —Concerning the City of Esher | 442 |
|
| Notes.—1. Shihr. 2. Frankincense. 3. Four-horned Sheep. 4. Cattle fed on Fish. 5. Parallel passage. | ||
| —Concerning the City of Dufar | 444 |
|
| Notes.—1. Dhofar. 2. Notes on Frankincense. | ||
| —Concerning the Gulf of Calatu, and the City so called | 449 |
|
| Notes.—1. Kalhát. 2. “En fra terre.” 3. Maskat. | ||
| —Returns to the City of Hormos whereof we spoke formerly | 451 |
|
| Notes.—1. Polo’s distances and bearings in these latter chapters. 2. Persian Bád-gírs or wind-catching chimneys. 3. Island of Kish. |