Popocatepetl, volcano, Mexico, 275.

Popol-Vuh, sacred book of the Quichés, 72, note, 113, 270.

Popular Science Monthly, 478.

Porto Rico, stone objects from, 118;

cult of aborigines, 118.

Powell, J. W., 288, note.

Powers, Stephen, 105.

Pre-Columbian contact indicated by same cosmical divisions and scheme of government in Old and New World, 480-504;

same symbolism, etc., 509-544;

traditions indicate, 525, 528, 529, 530;

question of contact between China and America, 534;

summary and conclusions, 544.

Prescott, 541.

Pritchard, W. T., 290.

Proctor, Richard A., 162.

Propitiation, origin of, 177.

Ptolemy, 452.

Pueblo Indians, use of tau, 119;

associate step pyramid with rain, 132;

affinities with Mexican and Maya, 199;

corn maidens, 276.

Pullé, Mr., 318.

Pulque, in connection with cult of earth-mother, 193

(see Octli).

(see Quadruped, Ocelot and Jaguar).

Putnam, F. W., 50, 196, 199, 545.

culmination of symbolism of cone, 118;

in mountain worship, 132;

Maya word for, 191;

Lord of the Mountain a sovereign title among the Quiché, 211;

origin and significance of, 251;

typified numerical divisions, 252;

on statue “Divine Twin,” 262;

origin attributed to the Maya speaking people;

at Teotihuacan, 263;

interpretation of affix “can” in names of Mexican and Maya towns, 263, 264, 266, 268;

image of central, dual and quadruple power, 269, note;

of Cholula, ancient name for, means “the monument or precious jade stone of the Toltecs, etc.,” 269;

erected as place of refuge from inundations, 272;

symbol of Central power, and quadruple organization, 274;

same as expressed by swastika, 274;

of Cholula, marks the site of great and ancient Tollan, 275;

as symbol of Centre in Cosmos, 277;

meaning of symbol, 282, 283;

in Chinese symbolism and social organization, 287, 288, 333;

in Japan, 310;

in Hindu religion, 317;

in Babylonia, 328;

star god called “Great mountain,” 329;

identical with god in Babylonia and in Assyria, 333;

Hebrew god, Yahwe, worshipped on Mount Sion, 351;

Jerusalem founded on Mount Zion, 352;

holy mound symbol of god Shamash of Assyria, 356;

central deity of Babylonia called “the great mountain,” 367;

in Egypt expressed a whole divided into four parts, 371;

miniature of cosmos, 379, 380;

seven-storied pyramid of Sakkarah, Egypt, 381, 386;

of Begerauie, 427;

“holy mountain of God” Book of Prophet Ezekiel, 449, note;

the chief idol of Ireland was called Cenn Craich (mound-chief), 469;

form of letter delta in Greek Alphabet, 511;

summary and conclusions, 544.

Pyramid temple at Chichen Itza, 207, 208.

Pyrites, mirror of, used as symbol of sun-cult, 83.

Pythagorean philosophy, 484-488, note, 515, 526;

Neo-Pythagorism, 527.

Quadruped, meaning of use as symbol, 282;

represented Zuñi state and subdivisions, 295;

illustrated by Alligator altar at Copan and by “Great Turtle” at Quirigua, also by tortoise in China, 296, note

(see Ocelot, Jaguar and Puma).

origin of idea, 15;

Maya, Mexican, and Zuñi, 41, 42;

expressed in cross symbols, 47-54;

Mexico divided into four parts, 83;

at time of Conquest, 75, 76;

in ancient map of Yucatan, 86;

in ancient map of Mexico, 88;

in Inca empire, 136, 144;

in Guatemala, 171, 172;

in Bogota, 171;

among the Tzendals, 180, 181;

Quiché, 182;

in Yucatan sculptures, 185, 186;

in tree symbolism, 187, 192;

carried northward, 196;

in Huron Indian Confederacy, 198;

among Zuñi, 201;

in Maya and Mexican traditions, 208, 209;

in Yucatan, 218, 223;

at Copan, 226, 228;

at Quirigua, 232;

at Palenque, 236;

Palenque, Peru, Guatemala, Yucatan, Mexico and Zuñi compared, 244;

regulated by Calendar Stone, 245, 247, 254;

in connection with pyramid building, 272, 273-282;

in China, 286, 291;

represented by human figure, 296;

China and Mexico compared, 297;

in Japan, 310-312;

in India, 313, 318, 481;

in Mesopotamia, 321;

in Persia, 325;

in Assyria, 332-337, 335;

in ancient Egypt, 371, 372, 399;

in Greece, 454;

indicated first by cross symbol and later by swastika, 461;

in ancient Rome, 463;

in ancient Ireland, 468;

in ancient Britain, 470;

in Scandinavia, 472;

table of countries where traces are found, 480-494;

comparative review, 509, 510;

in cruciform structures at Copan and Mitla, 512, 513;

chief ruler called “Four in One,” 529

(see also, Numerical Divisions).

Quauh-Cihuatl=the Eagle woman, Mexican title, 60.

Quetquetzalcoa, plural of Quetzalcoatl, title of his successors, 70, 97, 98.

Quetzal, feathers of, carved on feathered serpent, 70;

exhibiting colors of Four Quarters, 70;

used as Mexican symbol of beloved chief or child, 190;

totem at Palenque, 236, 237;

totem at Copan, 237;

(see also Bird).

Quetzalcoatl, invocation to;

Creator and maker, twin lord and twin lady, 32;

“wheel of the winds,” 33;

the divine twin, centre of cosmos, 42;

other names for;

myth concerning, 55;

an actual person who came from Yucatan, 67;

ruled in Chichen-Itza, 68;

Maya title=Kukulcan, 68;

in Mexico supreme god, also god of fire, and of the four winds, 70;

successors to, 71;

was driven from Tullan by enemies, 88;

established connection between Chichen-Itza and Mexico, 93;

recumbent figure of, in temple of city of Tula, 95;

sacrifices to, 96;

god of the winds, 96;

built Caracol or Round Temple at Chichen-Itza, 97;

Round Temples in Mexico dedicated to, 97;

divine twin, 126;

on sculptured slabs from Guatemala, 154, 157;

his craft called “serpent or twin raft,” 160;

another name for Maya lord, Kukulcan, 206;

brought colony from Yucatan to Mexico, 208;

important historical person, 208;

Tollan abode of, 217;

compared with figure on Copan sculpture, and with priest in Zuñi creation myth, 223;

figured with beard, in Mexican codices, 231;

monolith “Divine Twin,” 260, 262;

image of, in temple of Cholollan, 270;

temple at Tula, 294.

Quetzalcoatl Totec Tlamacazqui, title of high priest in service of Huitzilopochtli, 71;

also title of Montezuma, 71.