in Mexico and Central America, 29, 62;

in Peru, 144, 147, 167;

in Guatemala, 164, 171, 179;

represented by human figure, 174, 175;

in Mexican government, 179, 181;

carried northward from the south, 196;

in Huron Confederacy, 198;

among the Zuñi, 201;

in Yucatan, 209, 218, 223;

at Chichen Itza, 212, 213;

in Copan, 221, 226, 228, 229;

in symbolic carving from South America, 224;

in Quirigua, 232, 233;

in Mexican Calendar stone, 248, 256;

on monolith “Divine Twin,” 261;

in China, 286, 292, 302;

Mexican compared with Chinese, 297;

in Japan, 310;

in India, 313, 320;

in Persia, 325;

in Assyria, 328, 348, 358, 360;

in Egypt, 368-376;

in cyclical systems of Egyptians, Hindus, Chinese, Mexicans, Mayas and Greeks, 450;

in ancient Rome, 464;

and Greece, 484;

in ancient Ireland, 468-470;

Britain, 470;

Wales, 471;

Scandinavia, 471, 472;

table of countries in which used, 480-494;

Plato's “divine polities” compared with scheme of organization in Mexico and Peru, 509;

summary, as shown in Yucatan and Mexico, 528;

chief ruler called “Four in One,” 529;

apparent survival in early Christian religion, 536-538;

in Plato's and Inca's scheme of state, 539;

in Constantine's plan, and in Maya and Mexican calendars, 542, 543;

analogies and divergences, American divisions agree with Greek but differ from Chinese, 546.

Nutt, David, 451.

Nuttall, Zelia, work on the Atlatl, 34;

on the Mexican Calendar system, 7, 53, 244-247.

Obsidian mirror

(see “Mirror”).

Ocelot, Tezcatlipoca took shape of, 8;

in Mexican mythical drama, 12;

of nocturnal sky, 35;

in Mexican codices, 44;

at Tiahuanaco, 166;

title of one division of Mexican warriors, 167;

man with beast (ocelot or jaguar,) symbol of dual State in Yucatan, 185;

title of minor rulers in Yucatan, 185;

man-ocelot and man-bird, represented rulers of two divisions of state in Mexico, 185;

or tiger, warrior-caste of Mexico, 212;

skin of, worn by high-priest in Copan and Quirigua, 231, 233;

totem of the Fire people in Mexico, 254;

symbolized cult of Earth, as opposed to bird, symbol of cult of Heaven, 282;

symbol of State in ancient America, 295, 296

(see also Jaguar, Puma and Quadruped).

Ocna, a Maya festival, 242.

Octli, name of native wine, 78;

pulque, 101;

earth-wine, indicated by figure of rabbit, 103.

Octli-gods, agents of the Cihuacoatl, 78;

rain gods, 96;

rain-priests, 101;

priests of the earth, emblem of=vase filled with rain or earth-wine, 107;

monkey intimately connected with, 112.

Odin, Scandinavian king and deity, 471;

Norse “ruler of Heaven,” 473.

Ohio valley, ancient earth-work builders in contact with ancient Mexicans, 50;

art resembles Maya, 199;

swastika symbol associated with serpent symbol, 280.

Ojibway Indians, 511, note.

Oldenburg, 484.

Old World, fire-drill, fire altar, sacred fire, oil press, millstone, axial rotation, etc., 494-504;

civilizations compared with New World, 504-609, 525;

summary and conclusions, 544.

Oliva, Padre Anello, 132, 150, 154, 156, 157, 164.

Oliver, G., 484, 485.

Ollin, in Calendar-stone, 12, 13, 14, 15, 54

(see also Nahuiollin).

Olmos, Friar Andreas de, 54, 189, 190, 195.

Olympic Games, marked cycle or period, 485.

Omacatl, associated with water, 81.

Omaha Indians, measured time by Ursa Major, 511, note.

Ome Tochtli Ixtlilxochitl, 163.

Ondegardo, Polo de, 132, 141, 148.

O'Neil, 448, 449, 451, 468, 469, 471, 472, 547, 568, 570, 572, 574.

Oriental Congress, 544.

Orientation, 42;

of Copan and Quirigua the same, 230;

of temples at Palenque, 235;

diagonal, in Egypt and Central America, 372, note;

Egyptian pyramids faced the north, and the pole-star, 382;

temples in Lower Egypt faced to the North; in Upper Egypt to the South, 383.

Origin of American civilizations, 543;

summary and conclusions, 544.

Orizaba, giant volcano, 275;

ancient name, Citlal-tepetl=Star Mountain, 275, note.

Ozomatli, monkey;

Mexican day-sign, 112.

Pacha-Yachachi, Inca name for Creator, 135.

Painting, in connection with symbolism, 114;

of body and face in Peru, Mexico and Yucatan, 192, 193

(see Color).

Palenque, Palace House with tau-shaped recesses, 121, note;

character of stelæ, 215;

study of monuments, 234-239;

same cult as Quirigua and Copan, 240;

tablets, tribal registers, 243;

tablet, in “Temple of the Sun,” likened to Mexican Sacrificial stone, 259.

Palestine, cult of Astarte and Baal, and monotheism of the Israelites, 345.

Pan, feast of, 442.

Pantheon, 515.

Panuco, Maya colony established at, 125, 207, 208, note.

Papa, name of Mexican Priest, 39.

Papakhu, name of inner sanctuary of Babylonian and Assyrian temple, 330, 331.

Papalotl, butterfly, 39.

Parry, Francis, 104.

Parsee religion, worship of fire as outcome of pole-star worship, 326.

Parturition, symbolized by shell, 95;

by snail, 111.

Path of the Dead, ancient road leading to Pyramid of the Moon, 267.

Patolli, native Mexican game, 87;

symbolized social organization, 176, 177.

Paz Solden, 150.

Peabody Museum, 34, 48, 61, 153, note, 195.

Peabody Museum Honduras Expedition, 218, note, 512.

Pedregal de San Augustin, ancient lava-field in City of Mexico, 271.

Peking, contains temple to North Star God, 284

(see China and Polaris).

Peñatiel, Antonio, 262.

Perez, 109.

Perrot and Chipiez, 421.

Perry, John, 547.