Macaulay, Lord, Theology not a progressive science, ii. 428.
Mackintosh, Sir J., iv. 105 n.
Madness,
Plato’s view, ii. 129;
of philosophers, 383;
varieties of, Eros one, iii. 11;
see Inspiration.
Magic,
Empedokles claims powers of, i. 47;
Plato’s laws against, iv. 407.
Magnet, analogy to poetic inspiration, ii. 128, 129.
Maine,
meaning of natural justice, ii. 342 n.;
influence of Law in early societies, i. 382 n.
Malebranche, ii. 404 n., iv. 233.
Mallet, on Sophistês, iii. 245 n.
Malthus,
law of population, iv. 201;
recognised by Plato and Aristotle, 202.
Man, Plato
on antiquity of, iv. 307;
construction of, 243;
the cause of evil, 234;
inconsistency ib.
n.;
see Body, Soul, Immortality.
Manichæanism of Leges, iv. 389 n.
Mansel, Dr., iii. 124 n.
Mariandyni, iv. 343 n.
Marriage,
temporary for guardians, iv. 43,
175-8;
object, 198;
Plato’s and modern sentiments, 192;
Aristotle, 188,
198-201;
laws in second idéal, 328, 332, 341, 344, 359, 405, 406;
board of Matrons, 345;
Malthus’ law recognised by Plato and Aristotle, 202;
divorce, 406.
Martin
on Timæus, iv. 218 n.,
224 n.,
233 n.,
424 n.;
Leges, 355 n.
Materialists,
iii. 203,
223;
meaning of ens, 231;
argument against, 203,
224, 226, 228;
reply open to, 224,
229.
Matter,
Aristotle’s materia prima, i. 72, iii. 397 n.;
τὸ
δεκτικὸν
of Timæus,
ib.;
four elements not primitive, iv. 238;
prime, action of Ideas on,
ib.;
Voltaire on, i. 168
n.
Maximus Tyrius,
on Plato’s reminiscence, ii. 250 n.;
variety, iii. 400
n.
Measure,
Plato’s conception, ii. 112, 117, iii. 260;
τὸ μέτριον
of Plato, 397
n.;
Platonic idéal, undefined results, ii. 374;
Pythagorean καιρός,
iii. 397 n.;
necessary, to choose pleasures rightly, ii. 293, 357 n.,
iii. 391;
virtue a right estimate of pleasure and pain, ii. 293, 305;
courage a just estimate of things terrible, 307;
false estimates of pleasures habitual, iii. 353;
true pleasures admit of, 357;
directive sovereignty of, 391;
how applied in Protagoras, ib.;
how explained in Philêbus, 393.
Medical Art,
analogy of rhetoric to, iii. 31;
reducible to rule, ii. 372
n.;
physician not bound by peremptory rules, iii. 269;
no refined, allowed, iv. 28;
Plato’s view of, 250;
synthetic character of ancient, 260 n.
Megarics,
transcendental, not ethical, i. 122;
shared with Plato the eristic of Sokrates, 124, 126;
logical position misrepresented by historians, 131;
negative dialectic attributed by historians to, 371;
not peculiar to, 387;
the charge brought by contemporaries against Sokrates, 388;
fallacies of, ii. 215,
iii. 92;
sophisms of Eubulides, i. 133;
real character of, 135;
alleged over-refinement in classification of, iii. 196 n.;
not the idealists of Sophistês, 244;
controversy with Aristotle about Power, i. 135;
Aristotle’s arguments not valid,
136-8;
Aristotle himself concedes the doctrine, 139 n.;
doctrine of Diodôrus Kronus, 140, 143;
defended by Hobbes,
ib.;
depends on question of universal regularity of sequence, 141;
sophism of Diodôrus Kronus,
ib., 143;
Stilpon, 147;
Cicero on, 135
n.;
Ritter, 129
n.;
Prantl, ib.,
132 n.;
Zeller, 131
n.;
Winckelmann, 132
n.;
Marbach, ib.;
Tiedemann, ib.;
Stallbaum, ib.;
Deycks, 136
n.;
see Eukleides.
Melêtus,
reply of Sokrates to, Plato and Xenophon compared, i. 456;
Plato’s views coincide with, iv. 211, 230 n.,
381, 385, 411, i. 113.
Memory,
difference of μνήμη and
ἀνάμνησις,
iii. 350 n.;
see Association.
Ménage, on etymology, iii. 303 n.
Menedêmus
the Eretrian, i. 148;
disallowed negative predications, 170.
Menexenus, its
authenticity, i. 316,
338, iii.
412 n.;
date, i. 307,
309, 313, 324;
anachronism, iii. 411;
scenery and persons, 401;
funeral harangues at Athens, ib.,
404;
Sokrates recites harangue learnt from Aspasia, 402;
framed on the established type, 405;
excited much admiration, 407;
probable motives of Plato, ib.,
410;
contrast with Leges, iv. 315 n.,
318;
Gorgias, ii. 374, iii. 409.
Menon, date, i. 306-7,
308-10, 313,
315, 325 n.,
ii. 228 n.,
246 n.;
purpose, 235;
gives points in common between Sokrates and Sophists, 257;
scenery and persons, 232;
is virtue teachable, ib.,
239, iii. 330 n.;
plurality of virtues, ii. 233;
search for common property, 234;
how is process of search useful, 237;
Sokrates’ cross-examination like effect of torpedo, ib.;
analogies, definitions of figure and colour, 235;
Menon’s definition, refuted, 236;
theory of reminiscence, 237;
illustrated by questioning Menon’s slave, 238, 249 n.,
251;
metempsychosis, 249;
little said of the Ideas, 253, 255 n.;
virtue is knowledge, 239;
and so teachable, 240;
relation of opinion to knowledge, 241, 255 n.,
392 n.,
iii. 172 n.;
right opinion of good statesmen, from inspiration, ii. 242;
highest virtue teachable, but all existing virtue is from inspiration, ib.;
virtue itself remains unknown, ib.,
245;
Sokrates’ doctrine, universal desire of good, 243;
compared with Phædrus and Phædon,
249;
Protagoras, 244;
Politikus, iii. 283;
Timæus, Gorgias, Republic,
ii. 254 n.
Mentiens, sophism, i. 128, 133.
Messênê, bad basis of government, iv. 310.
Metaphor,
Herakleitus’ exposition by, i. 28, 30, 37 n.;
Plato’s tendency to found arguments on, 343, 353, n.,
ii. 337 n.,
iii. 65 n.,
173, 207, 351, 364;
doctrine of Ideas derived its plausibility from, i. 343;
waxen memorial tablet in the mind, iii. 169;
pigeon-cage, 171;
souls’ κνῆσις
compared to children’s teething, 399 n.;
the steersman, iv. 53;
Idea of Good in intellectual, as sun in visible, 63;
the cave, iii. 257
n., iv.
67-70;
analogy of state and individual, 11, 20, 39, 79-84, 96;
exaggerated, 115,
121, 124;
kosmos, absolute height and depth, 87.
Metaphysics, see Ontology.
Meteorology,
of Anaxagoras, i. 58;
Diogenes of Apollonia, 64;
Sokrates avoided, 376.
Metempsychosis,
included in all ancient speculations, ii. 390, 425 n.;
belief of Empedokles, i. 46;
included in Plato’s proof of soul’s immortality,
ii. 414;
theory of, 237,
247, iv. 234;
of ordinary men only, ii. 390,
416, 425;
mythe, iii. 12,
14 n.;
general doctrine in Virgil, ii. 425 n.
Method,
revolutionised by Sokrates, i. x;
obstetric, 367,
ii. 251,
iii. 112,
176;
Aristotle’s Dialectic and Demonstrative, i. 363;
see Dialectic,
Negative,
Inductive.
Metics,
admission of, iv. 362;
Xenophon on, i. 238.
Μέτριον, τό, of Plato, iii. 397 n.
Middle ages,
disputations in the, i. 397
n.;
views on causation, ii. 409
n.
Μίγμα, see Chaos.
Mill, Jas., on
law of mental association, ii. 192 n.;
transmission of established morality of a society, 275 n.;
on the moral sense, iv. 128
n.;
ethical end, 105
n.
Mill, J. S., on
vague connotation of general terms, ii. 48 n.;
evils of informal debate, 220 n.,
222 n.;
definition of fallacy, i. 129;
heads of fallacies, ii. 218;
fallacies of confusion, Descartes’ argument, iii. 297 n.;
of Sufficient Reason, earliest example of, i. 6 n.;
relativity of knowledge, iii. 128 n.;
abstract names, 78
n.;
simple objects undefinable, i. 172 n.;
comparison of Form with particular phenomena, iii. 64 n.;
necessity of Verification, 168 n.;
antecedent, consequent, simultaneous,
165 n.;
assumption in axioms of arithmetic, 396 n.;
axioms of arithmetic and geometry, from induction, iv. 353 n.;
ultimate laws of nature, iii. 132 n.;
relation of art to science, 43 n.;
the beautiful, ii. 50
n.;
hostility to novel attempts at analysis of ethics, i. 387 n.;
Liberty, 395 n.,
ii. 367 n.;
Sokrates’ Utilitarianism, 310 n.;
theory of syllogism, 255
n.;
approximation to Plato and Aristotle as to ideal state of society, iv. 199 n.
Milton, on Plato’s intolerance, iv. 379 n.
Mind,
doctrine of Parmenides, i. 26;
identified with heat by Demokritus, 75;
its seat in various parts of the body, Demokritus, 76;
Sokrates’ theory of natural state of human, 373;
elenchus the sovereign purifier of, iii. 197;
Sokrates’ obstetric, 112;
the self, ii. 11,
25;
state of agent’s, as to knowledge, frequent enquiry in Plato,
83;
Plato’s view, an assemblage of latent capacities, 164;
knowledge is dominant agency in, 290;
usefulness of negative result for training, 186;
operation of pre-natal experience on, iii. 13;
rhetoric should include a classification of minds and discourses, 32;
idéal unattainable, 42, 45;
compared to paper, 169,
351;
of each individual, tripartite, iv. 37;
analogous to rulers, guardians, craftsmen, 39;
high development of body and, equally necessary, ii. 422 n.;
relation to bodily organs, iii. 159, iv. 387 n.;
diseases of, from body, 250;
no man voluntarily wicked, 249,
365-8;
preservative and healing agencies, 250;
treatment of, by itself, 251;
rotations of kosmos to be studied, 252;
see Reason,
Soul.
Minos,
authenticity,
i. 306-7,
309,
336, 337 n.,
ii. 82, 93;
in Leges trilogy, 91;
and Hipparchus analogous and inferior to other
works, 82;
subject the characteristic property connoted by law,
76, 86;
discussed by historical Sokrates, ib.;
its meanings, 91;
three parts, objections, 76;
is good opinion of the city, true opinion, or
finding out of reality, 77;
real things always accounted real, analogies, 79;
only what ought to be law, is, 80, 88-9, iii. 281 n.,
317 n.;
Expert finds out and certifies truth, ii. 87-9;
laws of Cretan Minos divine and excellent, extant, 80, 90;
Minos’ character variously represented, 81;
what does the lawgiver prescribe for health of mind —
unanswered, ib.;
bad definitions of law, 86;
Sokrates’ reasoning unsound but Platonic, 88.