C

Cabinet Ministers, capture of, 153

Camille, case of the, 426

Cancellation of treaties on account of:

violation by one party, 338

war, 129

Capitulations:

character and purpose of, 284

competence to conclude, 287

contents of, 285

flag of truce and, 286

form of, 286

violation of, 289

Captain W. Menzel, case of the, 376

Captivity:

detention in, after peace, 170, 336

discipline in, 169-170

effect of treaty of peace on, 335

end of, 172, 335

law regarding, development of, 165-167

parole, release on, 170

relief societies assisting those in, 171

treatment of prisoners of war in, 167, 306

who may be taken into, 151, 152, 153, 169, 250, 308

Capture of neutral vessels:

abandonment after, 551

conduct to port after, 547

destruction after, 547-551

effect of, 546

grounds of, 546

mode of, 546

ransom after, 551

recapture after, 551

release after, 551

trial after, 240, 553-558

after conclusion of peace, 555

by International Prize Court, 572-579

claims after, 557

municipal matter, a, 553

protests after, 557

result of, 555

Carolina, case of the, 519

Caroline, case of the, 376

Carriage of contraband. See Contraband of war

Cartel ships:

rules regarding, 283

seizure of, 236

Cartels:

definition and purpose of, 275, 282

ransom of soldiers arranged by, 166

Carthage, case of the, 506

Castro, de, 40

Catharine, Empress of Russia, 355, 357

Cattaro, access refused to belligerent warships at, 418

Cesarewitch, case of the, 423

Cessation of hostilities, simple, 323, 324

Chablais and Faucigny, neutralisation of, 88

Chambers of Reunion, the so-called, 61

Charles XII. of Sweden, dictum of, 147

Charleston, blockade of, 450, 465

Chauvinism, 38

Chino-Japanese War (1894), referred to on:

asylum on neutral man-of-war, 423

Citizens. See Private individuals

Civil war:

commencement of, 374

neutrality during, 365

termination of, 323

Clinton, Sir Henry, 198

Coal as contraband, 487

Columbia, case of the, 390

Commerce during war:

between belligerents' subjects, 135, 275

between subjects of belligerents and neutrals, 352, 365, 385, 428

Commercen, case of the, 501

Commercia belli, 274

Commercial blockade, 452

Commercial treaty. See Treaties

Commission: of Arbitration, 18

of Inquiry, 7

Compensation for violations of the Laws of War, 319-321, 439

Complaints of belligerents, 302, 303

Compromis, 26-31

Compromise clause, 5, 17

Compulsive settlement of State differences. See State differences

Concentration camps, 153, 190

Conference of Berlin (1885), 11

Confiscantur ex navibus res, ex rebus naves, 219

Confiscation: at outbreak of war, 139, 140, 174-182, 204, 218

for carrying contraband, 508-514

Congo Conference of Berlin, 11

Congress of Vienna (1815), 88

Conquest, 325. See also Subjugation

Consolato del mare, 218, 219, 349, 352, 534

Consular activity, rupture of, 129

Continuous voyage, doctrine of, 469, 472, 491, 499-506

Continuous transport: doctrine of, 499-506

partial recognition of, by Declaration of London, 505

Contraband of war:

absolute, 481, 483, 490, 498, 505

analogous of. See Unneutral Service

articles for use of carrying vessel not considered, 493

beasts of burden as, 486

carriage of, 386, 495-514

capture for, 506

circuitous, 499-506

consequences of, 506-514

Continental opinion on, 504

direct, 497

indirect, 500-506

penal by municipal law, 495

penalty for, 508-514

without knowledge of war, 140, 235, 512

coal as, 487

conception of, 480-495

conditional, 481, 485, 491, 498, 506

pre-emption of, 510, 512

continuous transports, doctrine of, 499-506

cotton as, 487

definition of, 480

foodstuffs as, 486

horses as, 486

hostile destination essential to, 490

money as, 487

seizure of, during blockade, 290

seizure of, without seizure of vessel, 513

Contraband vessels, 390, 494

Contract debts, 25, 46

Contracts between subjects of belligerents, 137, 138, 333

Contributions, 183-187, 264, 267

Convoy: vessels under enemy, 542

vessels under neutral, 535-537, 543

Convoy of evacuation, 160

Cook, Captain, safe-conduct granted to, 232

Copenhagen:

Battle of (1801), 356

Treaty of (1830), 542

Corfu, neutralisation of, 88, 369

Cotton as contraband, 487

Court of Arbitration at the Hague. See Permanent Court of Arbitration

Courts of Justice, during occupation of country, 214

Crete:

blockade of, 49, 51

during the Turco-Italian War, 87

Crimean War, referred to on:

asylum to men-of-war, 418

blockade, 453, 454, 464, 465

contraband, 501

enemy property at sea under neutral flag, 220

enemy subjects on belligerent's territory, 132

letters of marque, 220

loans, flotation of, 431

merchantmen at outbreak of war, 140, 235

D

Danous, case of the, 112

Danube, blockade of the, 453, 454

Dardanelles, 102

Dead, treatment of the, 162, 254

Dearborn, General, reprisal by, 307

Declaration concerning:

diffusion of asphyxiating gases, 82, 150, 250

expanding (Dum-Dum) bullets, 82, 149, 250

launching of projectiles from balloons, 82, 150, 250

Declaration of:

Brussels (1874), 81, 171

London (1909), 83, 360, 554

referred to on:

blockade, 452-478

capture of neutral vessels, 547-552

contraband, 480-514

enemy character, 107, 113, 117

free articles, 492

transfer of enemy vessels, 118

transfer of enemy goods, 120

trial of neutral vessels, 555-558

unneutral service, 435, 515-532

visitation of vessels, 536, 537, 540-545

Paris (1856), 52, 79, 100, 101, 103, 130, 220, 221, 226, 242, 303, 354, 358, 384, 385, 452, 461, 481, 536

St. Petersburg (1868), 80, 149, 250

Declarations of:

blockade, 456-459

contraband, 484, 488

neutrality, 374

war, 122-125

Delagoa Bay, case of, 502

Den Beer Portugael, General, and rules on bombardment, 266

Denmark, treaty by, affecting neutrality, 372, 389

Swedish territory sold by, 205

Deserters, 105, 335

Despatches:

bearers of, 197

carriage of, for enemy, 435, 515, 516, 521-524, 525, 526, 528, 531

right of sending, 194

Dessaix, case of the, 244

Destruction of enemy property:

arms and ammunition, 189

during bombardment, 195

merchantmen, 242-245

monuments, 189

necessary, 188

provisions, 189

wanton, 187

works of art, 189

Devastation, general, 190

De Wütz v. Hendricks, 430

Diana, case of the, 236, 422

Dieppe, blockade of, 454

Diplomacy, 75

Diplomatic envoys:

capture of, 154

carriage of, by neutrals, 517-521

despatches of, 435

found on enemy territory by a belligerent, 384

in besieged towns, 194

letters of marque granted by, 357

Diplomatic intercourse, rupture of, 129

Discovery, case of the, 232

Distress, vessels in circumstances of, 418, 472

Distribution of Prize Money Proclamation (1866), 248

Doelwijk, case of the, 505, 556

Dogger Bank, case of, 7, 15

Dolus non purgatur circuitu, 499

Domicile of owner determines character of goods, 115

Drago doctrine, 25

Duclair, British coal-vessels at, 448

Dum-Dum bullets, 149, 250

Dunant, Jean Henry, on treatment of wounded, 155

Dupleix, case of the, 89

Dutch East India squadron, attempted seizure of, 350

E

Edmonds, Colonel, 82

Effects of outbreak of war on:

belligerents' property on enemy territory, 139

belligerents' subjects in enemy State, 131

diplomatic relations, 129

merchantmen, 140-143

persona standi in judicio, 133

States in general, 128

trade between belligerents' subjects, 135

treaties, 129

El Arish, capitulation of, 287-289

Elba, case of the, 424

Elisabeth, case of the, 236

Embargo:

conception of, 44-46

different kinds of, 45

instance of, 40

practice of, 140, 446

Emblems of:

hospital ships, 258

medical service of armies, 161

Emilia, case of the, 110

Ems, exclusion of the river, from blockade, 454

Enemy character:

conception of, 106

of goods, 115-117

when transferred, 119

of individuals:

enemy subjects domiciled in enemy country, 110-112

enemy subjects in neutral countries, 112

neutral subjects domiciled in enemy country, 109-112, 385

neutral subjects serving in armed forces of belligerents, 109

neutral subjects serving in police and administration of belligerents, 109

of vessels, 112-115

when transferred, 117

unneutral service creating, 524-526

Enemy convoy, 542

Enemy property. See Public enemy property; Private enemy property

Enemy territory, occupation of:

an aim of warfare, 204

constructive, 208

courts of justice, position of during, 214

duties arising from, 210

end of, 210

envoys' position during, 384

neutral property during, 384

officials' position during, 213

rights arising from, 210-213

treatment of inhabitants during, 210-213

treatment of subjects of neutrals during, 213, 384

when effected, 98, 206

Enemy vessels:

appropriation of, 238-249

attack and seizure of, 225-237

effect of seizure of, 231

furnishing of, by neutrals, 358, 372, 375, 389, 405-409

immunity from attack granted to, 232-237

in neutral waters, 395-397, 400-404

legitimate attack on, 225

medical and hospital staff of, 260

neutral goods on, 232, 542

postal correspondence on, 237, 385

religious staff on, 260

sick bays on, 257

Enlistment Act, Foreign:

American, 358, 375

British, 358, 375, 494

Escape from captivity, 170, 172

Espionage, 196-199, 262, 313

Euridice, case of the, 426

Explosive bullets, 149, 250