N
Nancy Court of Appeal, case of, 215
Napoleon I.:
act of reprisals by, 131
Berlin decrees of (1806), 357, 453
seizure of works of art by, 177
troops ordered by, to march through neutral territory, 391
Nassau, subjugation of, 327
Nationality of owner determines character of goods, 116
Naval Code: Italian, 222
United States. See United States
Naval Conference of London. See London
Naval Prize Act (1864), 245, 247
Naval Prize Bill (1911), 240, 245, 247
aims of, 216
asylum during. See Neutral asylum
bombardment of enemy coast, 266-270
cables, interference with submarine, 271
contributions, 264
dead, treatment of, 254
enemy merchantmen. See Merchantmen; Prizes
espionage, 262
flags of truce, 278
French Ordinances relating to, 219
hospital staff on ships, 260
law of, impending codification, 224
lawful practices, 217
medical staff on ship, 260
objects of, 218
prisoners, who may be made, 250
private property at sea during, 218-223
prizes. See Prizes; Prize Courts
religious staff on ship, 260
requisitions, 264
restrictions on the right of capture, 232-237
ruses, 262
shipwrecked, treatment of, 253
sick, treatment of, 253
treason, 262
unlawful practices, 217
violence: against combatants, 249
against non-combatants, 250
against enemy civilians, 251
wounded:
articles destined for the, 493
treatment of, 253
neutral ships assisting, 259, 423-425
Navarino, battle of, 48
Negotiation:
conception of, 6
effect of, 9
importance of, 9
legal value of, 5
peace, 328
procedure during, 6
Negroes, as members of regular forces, 99
Nelson, 356
Nereide, case of the, 542
Netherlands, right of convoy claimed by the, 535
Neumayr de Ramsla, 349
abuse of, 420-423
exterritoriality of men-of-war in, 419
facilities rendered to vessels in, 402, 404, 420, 422, 423
fugitive soldiers and, 413-415
in general, 409
land and naval forces distinguished as regards, 417
land forces and, 409-416
naval forces and, 417-425
neutral men-of-war as, 423
non-combatants of belligerent forces and, 415
option of State to grant, 417
prisoners of war and, 410, 419
vessels in distress in, 418
war material in, 415
Neutral goods:
innocent, on destroyed neutral vessels, 550
on such enemy merchantmen as are being destroyed, 244
Neutralisation, temporary, 89
Neutralised States as belligerents, 91, 93, 386-389
Neutrality:
angary, right of, 446-449
armed, definition of, 369
the First and the Second. See First Armed Neutrality; Second Armed Neutrality
asylum, to land forces, 409-416
naval forces, 417-425
war material, 415
belligerents to recognise, 367
benevolent, 370
blockade. See Blockade
characteristics of, 361-368
civil war and, 365
commencement of, 373-377
conception of, 361
contraband. See Contraband of war
Conventions, 383
conventional, 369
declarations of, 374
definition of, 361
development and institution of, 347-360
different kinds of, 368-372
end of, 377
in general, 369
impartiality, contents of duty of, 362, 381, 383
instances of, 350
intercourse during, no cessation of, 365, 385
knowledge of war necessary for, 373
laws prescribing attitude of, 375-377
military operations and, 386-397
military preparations and, 397-409
partial, 369
perfect, 370
perpetual, 368
rights and duties derived from, 363, 378-386
treaties affecting, 371-372
violation of. See Violation of neutrality
voluntary, 369
Neutrals:
asylum. See Neutral asylum
belligerents occupying territory of, 394
conduct in general of, 362, 378
depôts and factories of belligerents on territory of, 397
fugitive soldiers in custody of, 413-415
hostilities by and against, 386-389
impartiality of, 362, 381-383, 386
intercourse between enemy and, 365, 385
loans by, to belligerents, 430
on the part of subjects of, 430-432
men-of-war, built and fitted out by, 405-409
passage of, through waters of, 393
rescuing wounded, &c., 259, 424
supplied by, 389
military operations and, 386-397
information regarding, 434-437
military preparations and, 397-409
mines, laying of, by, 445
naval operations and, 400-409
information regarding, 434-437
organisation of hostile expeditions by, 400
pilotage by, 432
Prize Courts on territory of, 395
prizes of belligerents and, 395
relations of, with belligerents, 378-449
representation at International Prize Court, 569
rights and duties of, 363, 378-386
services by, to belligerents, 389, 432-437
subjects of, fighting for belligerents, 390
supplies by, to belligerents, 375, 405-409, 426-430
on part of subjects of, 427-430
troops, levy of, by, 398
vessels of, rescuing wounded, 259, 424
Neutral territory:
as a base of naval operations forbidden, 400-404
despatches carried over, 435
other uses made of, by belligerents, 394-399, 400
passage through, 372, 382, 391-394, 399
shipwrecked, the, on, 424
Newspaper correspondents in naval warfare, 437
Niagara, case of the, 465
Nickolsburg, Preliminaries of, 329
Nigretia, case of the, 519
Nimeguen, Peace of (1678), 61
Non-combatants:
attached to armies, 95, 151, 158-161, 169
attached to naval forces, 250, 254-257, 415
Non-hostile relations, 273-299
North-Eastern Boundary Dispute between U.S.A. and Great Britain, 19
North-German Confederation, 100
North Sea outrage. See Dogger Bank
Northern war, selling of territories during, 205
Notification:
of blockade, 457-459
of bombardment, 194
Novara, case of the, 233
Novik, case of the, 423
O
Occupation of enemy territory. See Enemy territory
Oki, Captain Teisuki, 199, 315
Oldhamia, case of the, 548
Oleg, case of the, 423
Open Sea:
angary, right of, on, 447
belligerents in neutral ports leaving for, 401, 402, 421
capture on the, 526
contraband on, 495
despatch carriers on, 526, 528, 531
enemy property found on, by belligerents, 547
goods on neutral vessels on, 495-514
jurisdiction over foreign subjects on, 364
mechanical mines in, 227
neutral merchantmen on, 128
neutralisation of parts of, 88-90
order on the, in thirteenth century, 239
region of war, 85
visitation on, 534
Orange Free State, annexation of, 327
effective occupation of, 209
Ordinances by France on neutral ships and goods, 219
Orinoco Steamship Company, case of, 19
Orozembo, case of the, 518
Outbreak of war:
after declaration, 123
after initiative hostile acts, 126
after ultimatum, 125
effects of. See Effects of outbreak of war
in general, 121
notification of, 125
P
development of, 48
disposal of vessels seized during, 52
mode of, 52
third States and, 51
value of, 53
variations of practice in, 51
war not necessarily caused by, 53
Pacifico, Don, case of, 41, 49
Palme, case of the, 233
Panama Canal, neutralisation of the, 89
Papal States, 327
Paris:
Act of November (1815), 392
Declaration of (1856). See Declaration of Paris
Peace treaty of. See Peace treaty
Parma, subjugation of, 327
Pascal, case of the, 424
Passage through neutral territory:
of individuals intending to enlist, 399
of prisoners of war and wounded, 412
of wounded, 392
Passports, 276
Paul, Emperor, armed neutrality in reign of, 355, 356
Paxo, neutralisation of, 88, 369
Peace:
negotiations for, 328
preliminaries of, 329
restoration of condition of, 332
Peace Conferences. See Hague Peace Conferences
Peace Societies, so-called, 22
Peace treaty of:
Amiens (1802), 332
Berlin (1878), 330
Bukarest (1886), 92
Frankfort (1871), 329, 338, 343
Frederikshamm (1809), 205
London (1863), 88; (1864), 88
Nimeguen (1678), 61
Paris (1856), 11
Portsmouth (1905), 15, 329, 331, 555
Prague (1866), 329
Pyrenees (1659), 537
Westminster (1654), 535
Zürich (1859), 329
Perfidy, instances of, 202, 263, 281, 285
Permanent Court of Arbitration, 13, 22, 23, 26, 157, 561
Administrative Council of the, 565, 569
International Bureau of the, 8, 27, 562, 569, 573, 579
procedure of the, 27-31
Persia, emblem of medical service, 161, 259
Persona standi in judicio of alien enemies, 133
Peterburg, case of the, 102
Peterhoff, case of the, 454, 470, 500, 501
Phillimore on:
blockade, 462
continuous voyage, 500
reprisals, 42
violations of neutrality, 371
Pillage, 181
Pilotage by neutrals, 432
Poison in warfare, 85, 148, 193, 249
Port Arthur, battle of, 423
surrender of, 285
Portalis, declaration by, 64
Portsmouth, Peace treaty of (1905), 15, 329, 331, 555
Portugal, treaty affecting neutrality of, 372
Postal Convention:
between Great Britain and Holland (1843), 237
between Great Britain and France (1860), 236
Postal correspondence during war 236, 385, 524
Postilion, case of the, 112, 115
conception of, 339
effects of, 340
illegitimate acts and, 343
interregnum debars, 343
legitimate acts unaffected by, 342
revival of former state of things, 341
Prague, Treaty of (1866), 329
Preliminaries of peace, 329
Prévost, General, reprisal by, 307
Princesse Marie, case of the, 548
Prisoners of war, 134, 151, 152, 153, 165-173, 250, 306, 308, 316, 335, 411, 419, 420
appropriation of, 174, 179-182
booty on battlefield, 163, 177, 181
conveyed into belligerents' territory, 182
destruction of, 187-191
immovable, 179
on enemy territory, 139-143
personal, 180
transport, means of, 180
utilisation of, 179
war material, 180
works of art and science, 180, 195
during siege and bombardment, 193, 194
hostility in arms of, 97, 152, 312
intercourse and trade with enemy subjects, 135, 405, 427-432, 434-437
of neutral States, treatment of, 363-365
persona standi in judicio, 133
position at outbreak of war, 131
position in general as regards war, 63-67
property of, on enemy territory, 139
requisitions in kind and service from, 152, 184-187, 211-213
appeal against judgment of, 241, 529, 530, 555, 557
blockade runners, adjudication of, 476
captured neutral vessel to be tried by, 510-514, 529, 530, 544, 547-552
claims after judgment of, 557
conduct of neutral vessels to, 547
continuous voyage and, 499
discretion of, as to confiscation, 544
origin of, 238
practice of, 553
purpose of, 239
reform projects for, 559
territory on which instituted, 240, 395
abandonment of, 246
cargo of, 242
conduct of, to Prize Court, 241, 546
distribution of prize money, 248
hostage for ransom, 246
loss of, 246
neutral goods on, 242, 244, 530
ransom of, 245
safe keeping on neutral territory, 395
sale of, 396
effect of, 248
Property. See Private enemy property; Public enemy property
Prussian Regulations regarding Naval Prizes, 505
appropriation of, 174-178, 183
at sea, 218
booty on battlefield, 163, 177
destruction of. See Destruction of enemy property
during bombardment, 195
immoveable, 174-175
moveable, 176-177
on enemy territory, 139
Pufendorf, 295
Pursuit, right of. See Right of pursuit
Pyrenees, Peace treaty of (1659), 537