U

Ukase of 1809, 357

Ultimatum, 35, 125

Umpire in arbitration, 16, 32

United States of North America:

Foreign Enlistment Act of, 358, 375

Instructions for the Government of Armies of the, in the Field (1863), 67, 80, 98

International Prize Court and the, 577

neutrality of, 371, 398, 400

War code: land, 67, 80, 98

naval 83, 217, 224, 233, 243, 262, 265, 272, 285, 447, 460, 486

Unneutral service, 386, 434

capture for, 526

carriage of despatches, 515, 521-524, 528, 531, 532

consequences of, 526-532

diplomatic personages, carriage of, for enemy, 519, 532

enemy character created by, 524

enemy persons, carriage of, 515, 517-521

kinds of, 515

mailboats carrying despatches, 526, 531

penalty for, 527

seizure of despatches, 530, 531

seizure of enemy persons, 530, 531

transmission of intelligence, 521

Uriu, Admiral, in Korean neutral waters, 388

Uti possidetis, principle of, 324, 334

Usus in bello, 78

V

Variag, case of the, 388, 424, 442

Vassal States, wars by, 62, 68, 91, 92

Vattel on:

armistices, 295

loans to belligerents, 430

neutrality, 350

occupation of territory, 205

perfidy, 263

reprisals, 44

Vega, case of the, 233

Venezuela:

blockade of, 50, 52

boundary dispute (1900), 18

Venus, case of the, 112

Versailles, Preliminaries of Peace of, 329

Vessels. See Enemy vessels; Contraband vessels

Victor, case of the, 427

Vienna Congress, Act of 1815, 88

Vigilantibus jura sunt scripta, 295

Villafranca, preliminaries of Peace Treaty of, 329

Violation of:

armistices, 297

capitulations, 289

neutral territory, 384

neutrality, 93, 438-445, 371, 380, 507

conception of, 438

consequences of, 439

distinguished from end of, 439

mines laid to prevent, 445

negligence by neutrals conducive to, 444

neutrals and, 440

reparation from belligerents for, 352, 380, 442

what constitutes, 389-409, 412, 422, 426, 429, 430, 433, 435-437

peace treaties, 338

rules of war, 310

Violence: in land warfare, 146-154

in naval warfare, 249-251

Visitation of neutral vessels:

armistice and, 534

conception of right of, 533

convoyed vessels, 355, 535-537, 542

exercise of, 534

mailboats, 535

men-of-war, 535

papers and, 543-545

private vessels, 535

procedure, 538

resistance to, 540-543

by neutral convoy, 543

consequences of, 540

rules regarding, no universal, 537

search, 539

stopping vessels for purpose of, 538

what constitutes, 541

Vladimirowka, occupation by the Japanese, 96

Voluntary Aid Societies, 158-160

Volunteer corps, 94

Volunteer fleet, 100-104

Vorwärts, case of the, 244

Vrow Houwina, case of the, 501

W

War:

aerial warfare, 150, 192, 207, 227

armed forces in, 63

belligerents. See Belligerents

causes of, 72-75

just, 74

pretexts distinct from, 75

cessation of hostilities, simple, 290, 323-324

characteristics of, 59-72

civil, 68, 323

commencement of, 121

conception of, 60-63

declaration of, 122-125

diminution of, 75

effects of the outbreak of, 128-143

ends of, 67, 76

enemy character. See Enemy character

guerilla, 70-72

illegitimate, 300

initiative hostile acts, 126-128

kinds of, 76

land. See Land warfare

laws of. See Laws of war

legality of, 59

legitimate, 300

means of securing, 300-321

manifestoes of, 121

naval. See Naval warfare

non-hostile relations of belligerents during, 273-299

outbreak of, 121-128. See also Effects of outbreak of war

participants in, 62

poison and poisoned arms in, 85, 148, 193, 249

postliminium. See Postliminium

pretexts for, 75

private individuals:

status during, 63-67

hostilities by, 97, 152, 298, 312

purpose of, 67

region of, 85-90

right to make, 91

sea. See Naval warfare

subjugation. See Subjugation.

temporary condition, a, 322

termination of, 322-332

territory neutralised in case of, 88-90

theatre of, 85

treaty of peace. See Treaty of peace

ultimatum, 125

violation of rules of, 310

War crimes:

conception of, 309

kinds of, 310-316

punishment for committing, 316

effect of treaty of peace on, 335

War criminals:

in land warfare, 66, 96, 97, 197, 289, 303, 334

in naval warfare, 226

War of Secession (1861), 63

Washburne, case of Mr., 194

Washington:

Three Rules of, 18, 406, 444

Treaty of, 557

Wellington, Duke of, on bombardment, 266

Westlake, proposition for Court of Appeal in prize cases, 560

Westminster, Treaty of (1654), 535

Wheaton, on resistance to visitation, 542

William, case of the, 499

Wireless telegraphy, use of by belligerents, 435-437

Wounded:

articles for the use of, 493

treatment of, 154-165, 252-262, 393

Z

Zouche, on contraband, 508

Zürich, Peace of (1859), 329