Footnotes

1.
Cf. Bernays, Lukian und die Kyniker, Berlin, 1879.
2.
224 c.
3.
Aristides, Orations 402 d.
4.
The precise meaning of the phrase is uncertain; it has been suggested that it arose from the custom of altering or “countermarking” coins so as to adapt them for the regular currency; see 192 c, Oration 7. 208 d.
5.
ἱκανὰς Naber adds.
6.
φαμεν Hertlein suggests, φασι MSS.
7.
A proverb signifying that all is topsy-turvy: cf. Euripides, Medea 413 ἄνω ποταμῶν ἱερῶν χωροῦσι παγαί.
8.
Of Sinope: he was the pupil of Antisthenes and is said to have lived in a jar in the Metroum, the temple of the Mother of the Gods at Athens; he died 323 b.c.
9.
For the tradition that Diogenes died of eating a raw octopus cf. Lucian, Sale of Creeds 10.
10.
A pupil of Socrates and founder of the Cynic sect.
11.
A proverb, but Julian may allude to Matthew 6. 28.
12.
Herodotus 6.129; Hippocleides, when told by Cleisthenes that by his unbecoming method of dancing he had “danced away his marriage,” made this answer which became a proverb.
13.
καταπεμφθεῖσα Reiske would add.
14.
τῆς ζωῆς Wright σώματος Hertlein, MSS. Petavius suspects corruption.
15.
θεῷ Klimek, θεῶν Hertlein, MSS.
16.
An echo of Plato, Philebus 16 c; cf. Themistius 338 c.
17.
e.g. eloquence, commerce, and social intercourse.
18.
ταῦτα Hertlein suggests, τὰ MSS.
19.
προσήκειν—ἄνθρωπον, Hertlein suggests, cf. Maximus of Tyre 4. 7; ἔφη τὰ μεταξὺ τοῦ ζῷον εἶναι τὸν ἄνθρωπον MSS.
20.
Cf. 188 b; Juvenal, Satires 11. 27; E caelo descendit γνῶθι σεαυτόν.
21.
Odyssey 4. 379.
22.
Iliad 13. 355.
23.
Nestor; Odyssey 3. 174.
24.
Heracleitus fr. 80.
25.
Cf. Oration 4. 143 a.
26.
οὐδ᾽ ὁ Hertlein suggests, οὐδὲ MSS.
27.
ἔτι Hertlein suggests, ἤδη Reiske, ἐστὶν MSS.
28.
Zeno of Citium in Cyprus, the founder of the Stoic school.
29.
Julian seems to mean that Zeno and the Stoics could not accept without modification the manner of life advocated by the Cynic Crates.
30.
δὴ Hertlein suggests, δὲ MSS.
31.
ἀπεληλακόσι Naber, ἀπεληλάκασι Hertlein, MSS.
32.
παρίασιν Cobet, παριᾶσιν Hertlein, MSS.
33.
οἳ διχάδε Hertlein suggests, cf. Symposium 215, οἱ δὲ MSS.
34.
Cf. Oration 5. 159 b.
35.
Cf. Oration 7. 210 d, 212 a.
36.
Plato, Symposium 215.
37.
Before αἴτιος Cobet omits τις.
38.
Before κατέλιπεν Cobet omits οὗτος.
39.
οὕτω φιλοσοφῆσαι Reiske suggests, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.
40.
μόνον Hertlein suggests, πρῶτον MSS.
41.
Of Gadara, a Cynic philosopher whose date is probably the second century a.d.; cf. 199 a, 209 b, 210 d, 212 a.
42.
Lucian, Sale of Creeds 8, makes Diogenes say that he had modelled himself on Heracles.
43.
Heracleitus fr. 16, Bywater.
44.
Cf. Oration 7. 208 d, 211 b, 211 c.
45.
Apollo.
46.
Of Thebes, the Cynic philosopher, a pupil of Diogenes; he lived in the latter half of the fourth century b.c.
47.
Plato, Laws 730 b.
48.
Alcibiades i. 129 a.
49.
Crito 44 c.
50.
Epistle 2. 314 c; Julian quotes from memory and slightly alters the original; Plato meant that in his dialogues he had suppressed his own personality in favour of Socrates.
51.
τῇ καθαρᾷ χρῆσθαι Hertlein suggests, τῇ γε ὡς ἀρχῃ MSS., corrupt.
52.
δὲ Hertlein suggests.
53.
τὴν Naber suggests.
54.
Cf. Lucretius, De Rerum Natura 3. 359 foll.; Sextus Empiricus, Adversus Mathematicos 7. 350.
55.
αὐτὸ τοῦτο Hertlein suggests, αὐτοῦ MSS.
56.
τὴν θεωρίαν Hertlein suggests, πρὸς τὴν θεωρίαν MSS., θεωρίας Petavius.
57.
δὲ after ἀπέδοσαν Hertlein suggests, τε MSS.
58.
δοκοῦσιν· Hertlein suggests, δοκοῦσιν, MSS.
59.
δὲ Hertlein suggests, δὴ MSS.
60.
τούτους; οὐχ ὡς Hertlein suggests, τούτους, ὡς MSS.
61.
καὶ γὰρ Hertlein suggests, καίτοι MSS.
62.
Plato, Protagoras 314 a.
63.
Phaedo 81 a.
64.
Iliad 5. 304.
65.
δὲ after ἀνθρώπων Hertlein suggests.
66.
ἀνάλωται Hertlein suggests, δείκνυται MSS.
67.
μᾶλλον Hertlein suggests, μόνον MSS.
68.
πως Hertlein suggests, ἴσως MSS.
69.
Demeter, who regulated the customs of civilised life, especially agriculture: her festival was the Thesmophoria.
70.
Odyssey 12. 331.
71.
οὔτι ἄλογον Hertlein suggests, οὐ χαλεπὸν MSS.
72.
Genesis 9. 3.
73.
Timaeus 77 b.
74.
Plato, Protagoras 321 a, b; Plato however says that the theft of fire by Prometheus saved mankind, and that later Zeus bestowed on them the political art.
75.
ἔχων οὐδ᾽ οἰκέτην Kaibel, οὐκ οἰκέτην ἔχων Hertlein, MSS.; Hertlein prints the second verse as prose.
76.
Cf. Letter to Themistius 256 d; Nauck, Adespota Fragmenta 6; Diogenes Laertius, 6. 38, says that this was a favourite quotation of Diogenes; its source is unknown.
77.
Cf. 188 c, Plato, Laws 730 b.
78.
The stater or Daric was worth about a sovereign.
79.
Iliad 5. 766.
80.
ταῦτὰ Hertlein suggests, ταῦτα MSS.
81.
An oath used by the Pythagoreans, who regarded the tetrad, the sum of the first four numbers, as symbolical of all proportion and perfection; cf. Aetios, Placita 1. 7. Pythagoras, Aureum Carmen 47, Mullach νὰ μὰ τὸν ἁμετέρᾳ ψυχᾷ παραδόντα τετρακτύν.
82.
πως Hertlein suggests, πάντως MSS.
83.
Cf. Oration 268 d; Euripides fr. 1007 Nauck ὁ νοῦς γὰρ ἡμῶν ἐστιν ἐν ἑκάστῳ θεός; Iamblichus, Protrepticus 8. 138.
84.
ζηλωταὶ ἐάσαντες Hertlein suggests, ζηλώσαντες MSS.
85.
πρὶν Hertlein suggests, καὶ τρίτον MSS.
86.
Euripides fr. 488; Misopogon 358 d.
87.
Cf. Oration 1. 40 b, 2. 74 c, notes.
88.
ταῦτα καὶ Hertlein suggests, καὶ ταῦτα MSS.
89.
δύνῃ Hertlein suggests, cf. Diogenes Laertius 6. 5. 2; δύνασαι MSS.
90.
Cf. Plato, Epistles 326 b.
91.
An echo of Xenophon, Anabasis 7. 1. 29.
92.
Diogenes Laertius 6. 86; Palatine Anthology 9. 497; Julian paraphrases the verses of Crates, cf. Crates fr. 14, Diels.
93.
Palatine Anthology 10. 104.
94.
ἑθεράπευε Hertlein suggests, ἐθεράπευσε MSS.
95.
I.e. parodies such as the verses here quoted which parody Solon's prayer fr. 12, Bergk; cf. 213 b.
96.
ὄλβον Wright, cf. 213b, οἶτον MSS., Hertlein.
97.
ἀγείρειν Cobet, ἀγινεῖν Hertlein, MSS.
98.
καθυφείσθω Hertlein suggests, καθείσθω MSS.
99.
Before κεκλημένος Cobet adds καὶ; cf. Oration 8. 250 c.
100.
An echo of Euripides, Phoenissae 551, περιβλέπεσθαι τίμιον, κενὸν μὲν οὖν.
101.
Thucydides 1. 118.
102.
εὐδαιμονήσουσιν Hertlein suggests, εὐδαιμονήσωσιν MSS.
103.
αὐτῷ Cobet, οὕτω Hertlein, MSS.
104.
δρᾶν, Petavius, φάναι Hertlein, MSS.
105.
ψυχρῷ Naber, θερμῷ Hertlein, MSS.
106.
φιλονεικῶν Hertlein suggests, φιλῶν νεκρὸν, MSS.
107.
Cf. Dio Chrysostom, Oration 6. 12, Arnim.
108.
A proverb; Sicily was famous for good cooking; cf. Plato, Republic 404 d; Horace, Odes 1. 1. 18, “Siculae dapes.”
109.
Demosthenes, De Corona 47.
110.
σὺ Reiske adds, παραμενέτω μέν σοι Reiske conjectures, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.
111.
Demosthenes, De Corona, 308, cf. Vol. I. Oration 5. 178 d.
112.
Murray's translation of Sallust in Four Stages of Greek Religion, New York, 1912.
113.
Oration 7, 219.
114.
Cf. Vol. I, Oration 2. 56 d.
115.
Asmus, Julian und Dion Chrysostomus, 1895; cf. Praechter, Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 5. Dion Chrysostomus als Quelle Julians. Julian only once mentions Dio by name, Oration 7, 212 c.
116.
Themistius, 280 a.
117.
Maximus of Tyre, Dissertation 20.
118.
Eupolis fr. 4.
119.
Cf. Misopogon 366 c.
120.
Odyssey 20. 18.
121.
After Καρίᾳ Reiske suggests ἀνέφανη.
122.
οἱ Cobet adds.
123.
οἱ Cobet adds.
124.
τε Hertlein suggests, τι MSS.
125.
Ἰξίων νεφέλῃ τινὶ Cobet, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.
126.
τούτοις ἀντ᾽ ἀληθοῦς ψευδὴς Cobet, lacuna Hertlein, MSS., ἐντέτηκε Wright, τέτηκε Hertlein, MSS.
127.
αὐτοῖς Wright, αὐτῷ Hertlein, MSS.
128.
προσαρτῶσι Hertlein suggests, προσαρτᾶν MSS.
129.
Ἱππεῖς ἐν Θετταλίᾳ καὶ Θραᾴκῃ was a well-known proverb; cf. Oration 2. 63 c, d.
130.
i.e. Hera; cf. Pindar, Pythian 2. 20 foll.; Dio Chrysostom 4. 130, Arnim.
131.
Cf. Plato, Theaetetus 151 e.
132.
The whole passage echoes Plato, Phaedrus 251.
133.
Cf. Archilochus frr. 86, 89; Archilochus used the beast-fable or parable: Julian here ignores his own distinction and uses the wider term “myth.” Hesiod used myth as well as fable.
134.
Plato, Phaedo 61 b.
135.
τὴν τύχην Cobet, οὐ τὴν τύχην Hertlein, MSS.
136.
μὴν Hertlein suggests, μὲν MSS.
137.
τί δέον ὀνομάσαι; τί Reiske, δέον ὀνομάσαι, τὸν Hertlein MSS.
138.
ῥᾷον Hertlein suggests, ῥᾴδιον MSS.
139.
Literally a boat: a proverb; Anonym. Com. Gr. Frag. 199.
140.
Iliad 5. 442; Hesiod, Theogony 272.
141.
An echo of Plutarch, Antonius 28: τὸ πολυτελέστατον, ὡς Ἀντιφῶν εἶπεν, ἀνάλωμα, τὸν χρόνον.
142.
οὕτω Hertlein suggests, αὐτῷ MSS.
143.
μήτι Cobet μήτοι Hertlein, MSS.
144.
διαλέξομαι Cobet, διηγήσομαι Spanheim, Hertlein, V illegible.
145.
παιομένους Cobet, πολεμουμένους Hertlein, MSS.
146.
Cf. Oration 6. 188 a, b.
147.
Cf. Oration 6. 187 c.
148.
The pit or chasm at Athens into which the bodies of criminals were thrown; cf. Xenophon, Hellenica 1. 7. 20.
149.
For the ceremony of driving out the scapegoat see Harrison, Prolegomena to Greek Religion 97; Frazer, Golden Bough, Vol. 3, p. 93.
150.
i.e. Homer.
151.
Odyssey 3. 73.
152.
ἄρα περιπατοῦσιν Hertlein suggests, ἀναστρέφονται καὶ περιπατοῦσιν Cobet, ἀναπατοῦσιν MSS.
153.
ὁμολογουμένως Cobet, ὁμολογουμένας Hertlein, MSS.
154.
χωρείτω Hertlein suggests, χαιρέτω MSS.
155.
τῆς Cobet, τῆς τοῦ Hertlein, MSS.
156.
A proverb; cf. Archilochus fr. 27, Bergk.
157.
A robber whom Theseus killed; Plutarch, Theseus 11.
158.
i.e. Alexander.
159.
Plato, Phaedo 63 c.
160.
Dio Chrysostom, Oration 4. 12, Arnim.
161.
ἀγείρειν Cobet, ἀσινῆ Hertlein, MSS.
162.
Cf. Oration 6. 199 d.
163.
Bacchae 370.
164.
συνεκροτείτην Cobet, Hertlein approves, συνεκροτεῖτον MSS.
165.
συνεγιγνέσθην Cobet, Hertlein approves, συνεγέγνεσθον MSS.
166.
i.e. in honour of Olympian Zeus.
167.
Cf. Themistius 182 a.
168.
Phoenissae 472.
169.
φαίνονται Hertlein suggests, ἐφαίνοντο MSS.
170.
ἐπιτιθεὶς Hertlein suggests, ἐπιθεὶς MSS.
171.
προρρητέον Reiske, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.
172.
τῷ πρακτικῷ Hertlein suggests, τῷ τε ἠθικῷ MSS.
173.
λογίσαισθε Cobet, λογίσεσθε Hertlein, MSS.
174.
Plato, Timaeus 54 a.
175.
τοῦ φυσικοῦ τῷ Hertlein suggests, τῷ φυσικῷ οὔτε MSS.
176.
Heracleitus fr. 123, Diels; cf. Themistius 69 b.
177.
σ᾽ ἐχρῆν Hertlein suggests, ἐχρῆν MSS.
178.
Orpheus.
179.
i.e. in his allegory the Choice of Heracles; Xenophon, Memorabilia 2. 1. 2; Julian, Oration 2. 56 d.
180.
i.e. Pan and Zeus; cf. 208 b.
181.
i.e. ethics and theology; cf. 216 b.
182.
Iamblichus; cf. Oration 4. 157 d.
183.
Cf. Oration 5. 170.
184.
Cf. Oration 4. 144 a.
185.
A proverb for mysterious silence; cf. Theognis 815; Aesch. Ag. 36.
186.
δὴ Cobet, δὲ Hertlein, MSS.
187.
κατὰ Cobet, καὶ Hertlein, MSS.
188.
Cf. Oration 4. 149 b.
189.
Cf. Oration 5. 170 b, c.
190.
Cf. Dio Chrysostom, Oration 1. 61, Arnim.
191.
Cf. 230 b.
192.
Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2; Athenaeus 11. 470.
193.
This is perhaps a passing sneer at the Christians and need not be taken too seriously.
194.
σωμάτιον ἓν τῶν κτυπημάτων Friederich; Hertlein approves but would omit ἕν: δωμάτιον ἓν τῶν κτημάτων Hertlein, MSS., τὸ δωμάτιον ἓν κτύπημα τῶν Reiske, ἐνσκήψαντος Arnoldt.
195.
Cf. Euripides, Bacchae 279 foll.
196.
Cf. Pindar fr. 85.
197.
Cf. Oration 4. 134 a.
198.
An oracular verse from an unknown source.
199.
μεταβαλεῖν Hertlein suggests, μεταβάλλειν MSS.
200.
τινῶν Hertlein suggests, τινὰ MSS.
201.
ἡμερίς = the vine; ἥμερος = gentle.
202.
κόσμω ... κατ ... γματ ... ξιν V, lacuna MSS.
203.
ἄξια, φράζειν δέ γ᾽ οὐ ῥᾴδια ἐμοί Hertlein suggests, lacuna MSS.
204.
Here follows a lacuna of several words.
205.
Cf. Plato, Republic 382 d.
206.
Πενθεὺς ἔπαθε MSS.; Hertlein would omit ἔπαθε.
207.
ἂν Hertlein would add.
208.
τελεσιουργηθῇ Hertlein suggests, τελεσιουργηθείη MSS.
209.
A proverb for forced laughter, cf. Odyssey 22. 302; Plato, Republic 337 a.
210.
δράτω τοῦτο Hertlein suggests, πρῶτον τῷ MSS.
211.
τοῖς ξύλοις Hertlein would add; Naber suggest βάκτροις.
212.
προσκτῶνται Hertlein suggests, προσῆν οἶμαι MSS.
213.
προσαχθῆναι Hertlein suggests, πραχθῆναι MSS.
214.
Hellebore, supposed to be a cure for madness, grew at Anticyra; hence the proverb: cf. Horace, Satires 2. 3. 166.
215.
Or “solitaries”; the word also means “heretic”; but Julian evidently alludes to Christian monks who lived on charity.
216.
ἰέναι Cobet, πορευόμεθα Hertlein suggests, lacuna V.
217.
δὴ Cobet, δὲ Hertlein, MSS.
218.
A proverb to express emulation; cf. Juvenal 2. 81.
219.
Plutarch, Erotici p. 759, says this of the Cynics; cf. Diogenes Laertius 7. 121.
220.
τοῦ δεῖνος Cobet, τοῦ δὲ Hertlein, MSS.
221.
Empedocles, fr. 21, Diels.
222.
Heracleitus, fr. 96, Diels.
223.
ὡς φασὶ ταύτῃ Cobet, cf. Oration 4. 148 b, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.
224.
σός· Hertlein suggests; σός, ὡς ἔφης MSS.
225.
Cf. Oration 4. 148 b.
226.
223 a.
227.
Archilochus.
228.
ἐπεκτήσατο Naber, ἐκτήσατο Hertlein, MSS.
229.
αὐτῷ τῶν Klimek, αὐτῷ καὶ τῶν Hertlein, MSS.
230.
Constantine.
231.
Iliad 2. 474.
232.
Iliad 20. 221.
233.
Cf. Plato, Charmides 156 e.
234.
The curse of Oedipus on his sons; cf. Euripides, Phoenissae 67; Plato, Alcibiades 2. 138 c; Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 817, 942.
235.
The Christian churches were so called because they were built over the tombs of the martyrs.
236.
γένει αἴτιος Cobet, γένει καὶ παισὶν αἴτιος Hertlein, MSS.
237.
ἐπικρατήσει Hertlein suggests, ἐπικρατήσῃ MSS.
238.
i.e. between cousins.
239.
τὸ σὸν Hertlein suggests, σὸν MSS.
240.
Julian himself.
241.
Iliad 9. 231.
242.
Iliad 11. 164.
243.
Iliad 24. 348.
244.
λειοτέρας, Klimek, λείας Hertlein, MSS.
245.
δόρυ Hertlein suggests, μάχαιραν MSS; cf. 231 c.
246.
i.e. as the god of eloquence.
247.
Plato, Republic 618 b.
248.
Cf. Aeschylus, Agamemnon 160.
249.
περιβαλὼν Cobet, περιβάλλων Hertlein, MSS.
250.
καταδυόμενος Naber thinks corrupt, but cf. Letter to the Athenians 285 a.
251.
Literally “the Gorgon's head,” which formed the centre of the aegis or breastplate of Athene; cf. 234 a.
252.
Constantius.
253.
Iliad 3. 415.
254.
φιλεῖν Cobet, φίλων Hertlein, MSS.
255.
λάθοι Hertlein suggests, λάθῃ MSS.
256.
Peter 1. 5. 8; Thessalonians 1. 5. 6.
257.
An echo of Plato, Republic 495 e.
258.
ταῖς ἐκείνων Cobet, ἐκείνων ταῖς Hertlein, MSS.
259.
τὴν πανοπλίαν Hertlein suggests, πανοπλίαν MSS.
260.
τῶν ἐντολῶν Hertlein suggests, ἐντολῶν MSS.
261.
τοῦτο Hertlein suggests, τοῦτον MSS.
262.
μαινομένου Hertlein suggests, τοῦ μαινομένου MSS.
263.
Plato, Phaedrus 244 foll.
264.
Odyssey 11. 235; Pindar, Pythian 4. 143; Salmoneus was destroyed by a thunder-bolt for imitating the thunder and lightning of Zeus.
265.
Maximus of Ephesus.
266.
Iamblichus.
267.
Literally “winged.”
268.
φίλα Cobet, φιλικὰ Hertlein, MSS.
269.
A direct quotation from Demosthenes, De Corona 128; the word omitted by Julian is κάθαρμα = “off-scourings,” or “outcast,” addressed by Demosthenes to Aeschines.
270.
An echo of Xenophon, Anabasis 1. 5. 14.
271.
For this device of introducing hackneyed poetical and mythological allusions cf. Themistius 330, 336 c; Aristides, Oration 20. 428 d; Himerius, Oration 18. 1. Epictetus 3. 282.
272.
A proverb for wealth; cf. Theocritus 10. 13.
273.
δῆτα Cobet adds, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.
274.
συστατικὸν Cobet, ἀστατικὸν V, Hertlein, ἐνστατικὸν Reiske, εὐστατικὸν Spanheim.
275.
δὴ Cobet, δὲ Hertlein, MSS.
276.
προηγόρευτο Cobet, προηγορεύετο Hertlein, MSS.
277.
Pythagoras.
278.
Philebus 12 c.
279.
Timaeus 40 d; Julian fails to see that Plato is not speaking seriously.
280.
Aristotle.
281.
ἐκφοβήσεις Cobet, ἐκφοβήσῃς Hertlein, MSS.
282.
ὁποίας Hertlein suggests, ὅπως MSS.
283.
συνιεὶς Hertlein suggests, συνεὶς MSS.
284.
μέγα φρονοῦντα Cobet, μεγαλοφρονοῦντα Hertlein, MSS.
285.
τοῖς Naber, τούτοις Hertlein, MSS.
286.
Diogenes Laertius 6. 39.
287.
Diogenes like Socrates claimed that he had a δαιμόνιον, a private revelation to guide his conduct; cf. 212 d.
288.
Cf. Oration 4. 148 a, note.
289.
This was the πρόρρησις or praefatio sacrorum; cf. Livy 45. 5.
290.
cf. vol. i. p. 351.
291.
κοινὸν Wright, καινὸν Hertlein, MSS.
292.
ἂν—μιμήσαιτο Hertlein suggests, μιμήσεται MSS.
293.
ἀντηχήσειε Hertlein suggests, ἀντηχήσει MSS.
294.
Odyssey 4. 227; a sophistic commonplace; cf. 412 d, Themistius 357 a; Julian seems to mean that the nepenthe was not really a drug but a story told by Helen.
295.
Plato, Phaedo 60 b.
296.
Cf. Oration 2. 101 a.
297.
Mardonius.
298.
Iliad 17. 720.
299.
Iliad 11. 401.
300.
Iliad 11. 163.
301.
Iliad 17. 242.
302.
μόνος—φροντίδος Brambs regards as a verse; Hertlein prints as prose.
303.
Nauck, Adespota fragmenta 430.
304.
ἀλλὰ Reiske supplies, lacuna Hertlein: after πραττόμενα several words are lost.
305.
πολυειδοῦς Cobet, πολυτελοῦς Hertlein, MSS.
306.
Julian quotes from memory and paraphrases Epistle 7. 325 c.
307.
This feat of Xerxes became a rhetorical commonplace.
308.
Aristophanes, Acharnians 1; cf. 248 d.
309.
A commonplace; Plato, Laws 659 e; Julian, Caesars 314 c; Dio Chrysostom 33. 10; Themistius 63 b, 302 b; Maximus of Tyre 10. 6.
310.
Odyssey 11. 202.
311.
Demosthenes, De Corona 97; cf. Julian, Epistle 53. 439 d.
312.
Cf. Caesars 309 c note.
313.
Plato, Charmides 156 d.
314.
Iliad 9. 524.
315.
Odyssey 9. 14.
316.
οὐ μόνον οὐ δυσχεραίνω χαίρω δὲ Hertlein suggests, cf. 37 b, 255 d; καὶ χαίρω γε MSS.
317.
ἀρετῆς Hertlein suggests, τῆς ἀρετῆς MSS.
318.
Theocritus 12. 15.
319.
Hesiod, Works and Days 293, 295 ὃς αὑτῷ πάντα νοήσῃ; Diogenes Laertius 7. 25.
320.
καὶ θατέρῳ Hertlein suggests, θατέρῳ MSS.
321.
Diogenes Laertius 8. 10; Pythagoras persuaded his disciples to share their property in common.
322.
ὢν Hertlein would add.
323.
ὁπουοῦν Cobet, ὅπου Hertlein, MSS.
324.
τὴν οὗ Hertlein suggests, οὗ MSS.
325.
θηρίοις Cobet, ὄρνισιν Hertlein, MSS.
326.
Cf. Livy 27. 7.
327.
Cobet rejects this sentence as a gloss; but Julian perhaps echoes Plato, Menexenus 246 C.
328.
This a very inappropriate application to Pericles of the speech of Critoboulos in Xenophon, Symposium 4. 12; cf. Diogenes Laertius 2. 49.
329.
The Attic stade = about 600 feet.
330.
Epicharmus fr. 13.
331.
Iliad 15. 80.
332.
ἐπῄει Reiske adds.
333.
νυκτέρων Cobet, νυκτερινῶν Hertlein, MSS.
334.
Theognis 153. τίκτει τοι κόρος ὕβριν, ὅταν κακῷ ὄλβος ἔπηται.
335.
Euripides, Phoenissae 165, μορφῆς τύπωμα στέρνα τ᾽ ἐξῃκασμένα.
336.
Nauck, Adespota trag. frag. 108.
337.
ἐνδίδωσι Hertlein suggests, δίδωσι MSS.
338.
δῆλον Cobet, δῆλοι Hertlein, MSS.
339.
πρωτεῖα Cobet, πρῶτα Hertlein, MSS.
340.
Iliad 5. 304.
341.
Cf. 243 c.
342.
Two familiar proverbs.
343.
Iliad 9. 420.
344.
Iliad 1. 55.
345.
The Megarians on inquiring their rank among the Greeks from the Delphic oracle were told that they were not in the reckoning at all, ὑμεῖς δ᾽ οἱ Μεγαρεῖς οὐκ ἐν λόγῳ οὐδ᾽ ἐν ἀριθμῷ; cf. Theocritus 14. 47.
346.
πόνων Hertlein suggests, φόβων MSS.
347.
Cf. Dio Chrysostom 13. 4, Arnim.
348.
Odyssey 5. 84.
349.
Iliad 2. 673.
350.
Odyssey 10. 119 foll.
351.
Odyssey 13. 332.
352.
Cf. Oration 6. 201 c; Thucydides 1. 118.
353.
Iliad 24. 63.
354.
Iliad 8. 1.
355.
Odyssey 3. 1.
356.
Odyssey 19. 172.
357.
ὑπερέχον Naber, ὑπάρχον Hertlein, MSS.
358.
ὀρέγεσθαι Petavius, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.
359.
ἄγουσα Cobet, ῥέπουσα Hertlein, ... οὐσα V.
360.
The Propontis.
361.
Sallust was a native of Gaul.
362.
These are regular epithets of Zeus.
363.
Theocritus 7. 57.
364.
Odyssey 24. 402; and 10. 562.
365.
Themistius 260 c, 345 c.
366.
245 d.
367.
33, 295 b.
368.
Vol. 5, p. 742.
369.
Libanius Epistle 1061 mentions an Oration by Themistius in praise of Julian, but this is not extant.
370.
διαιτημάτων Naber, διηγημάτων Hertlein, MSS.
371.
The Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
372.
Apparently an echo of Dio Chrysostom, Oration 1. 9, Arnim.
373.
Euripides, Orestes 16.
374.
γ᾽ ἂν Hertlein suggests, γοῦν MSS.
375.
εὐφυῶς Reiske adds.
376.
καὶ Γλαύκωνα ... λέγει· τὸν δὲ Wyttenbach, Γλαύκωνα δὲ ἐκεῖνον ὡς Ξενοφῶν λέγει, καὶ τὸν Hertlein, MSS.
377.
After λεγόμενον several words are lost.
378.
λόγῳ Reiske, λόγοι Hertlein, MSS.
379.
The Bosporus; Themistius was probably at Constantinople.
380.
Epicurus; his advice was λαθὲ βιώσας.
381.
Literally “from the βῆμα,” i.e. the stone on the Pnyx from which the Athenian orator addressed the people.
382.
Memorabilia 3. 6. 1.
383.
Alcibiades.
384.
The Stoic philosopher.
385.
Cf. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1. 10. 6.
386.
Cf. Oration 6. 195b, note.
387.
Iliad 2. 25.
388.
παρασκευῆς Hertlein would read, τῆς παρασκευῆς MSS.
389.
θαυμασιώτερον MSS.; Hertlein following Cobet reads θαυμαστότερον but in later Preface would restore MSS. reading.
390.
Alexander.
391.
θεῖον Hertlein suggests, θεὸν MSS.
392.
Laws 709b.
393.
A play on words: διανομὴ and νόμος are both connected with νέμω = “to distribute.”
394.
Laws 713-714; Julian condenses and slightly alters the original.
395.
Ἀθηνῶν Cobet, Ἀθηναίων Hertlein, MSS.
396.
We know nothing more of the events here mentioned.
397.
A proverb derived from Iliad 6. 236, where Glaukos exchanges his golden armour for the bronze armour of Diomede.
398.
Aristophanes, Wasps 1431.
399.
ὡς Klimek, ὅς Hertlein, MSS.
400.
τὸν τοιοῦτον εἶδος πολιτείας Hertlein suggests, cf. Aristotle Politics 3. 16, 1287 a, τὸ τοιοῦτον εἶδος MSS.
401.
ὃς Hertlein would add.
402.
Several words indicating the second point enumerated seem to have been lost.
403.
οἷόν Hertlein suggests, ὃ MSS.
404.
A proverb; cf. “bringing coals to Newcastle.”
405.
Aristotle, Politics 3. 15. 1286b.
406.
Ibid 3. 16. 1287a.
407.
Cf. Plato, Theaetetus 153.
408.
Before Solon's measure to cancel debts was generally known, some of his friends borrowed large sums, knowing that they would not have to repay them.
409.
Aristotle, Politics 7. 3. 1325b.
410.
Odyssey 21. 26.
411.
ἐν τῷ πράττειν ... τοὺς κυρίους Hertlein suggests, τοὺς ἐν τῷ πράττειν ... κυρίους MSS.
412.
πρότερος Hertlein suggests, πρότερον MSS.
413.
The father of Socrates.
414.
This school was founded by Phaedo in Elis and later was transferred by Menedemus to Eretria.
415.
The Megarian school founded by Euclid was finally absorbed by the Cynics.
416.
Simmias and Cebes were Pythagoreans; cf. Plato, Phaedo, where they discuss with Socrates.
417.
Alexander; Julian seems to be misquoting Plutarch, Moralia 78 d.
418.
Cf. Caesars 326 b note.
419.
A historian under Augustus.
420.
The Platonic philosopher and astrologer, cf. Tacitus, Annals 6. 21.
421.
The Stoic philosopher exiled by Nero.
422.
ἁπάσῃ μηχανῇ follows ὑμῶν in MSS.; Hertlein suggests present reading.
423.
τε Hertlein suggests, γε MSS.
424.
Demosthenes, De Corona 23.
425.
Cf. Caesars 323 b.
426.
The first King of Media; reigned 709-656 b.c.
427.
A priest of Apollo whose story and date are uncertain.
428.
A Scythian prince who visited Athens at the end of the sixth century b.c.; cf. Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 5. 32; Lucian, Anacharsis.
429.
The story is told in Plutarch, Themistocles.
430.
Athene.
431.
τὸν ἐμὸν Hertlein suggests, ἐμὸν MSS.
432.
ἐξέδυσε Hertlein suggests, ἐρρύσατο οὐδὲ Cobet, ἐρρύσατο MSS.
433.
Gallus.
434.
Euripides, Orestes 14, τί τἄρρητ᾽ ἀναμετρήσασθαί με δεῖ;
435.
ἡμᾶς Hertlein, Reiske suggest, ὑμᾶς MSS.
436.
ἀπὸ τῆς ἐν Τράλλεσι φυγῆς Hertlein suggests, ἁπὸ τραλφυγῆς V, ἀπο τρα φυγῆς Petavius.
437.
διάγοντε Hertlein suggests, διαγαγόντες MSS.
438.
The castle of Macellum.
439.
Cf. Demosthenes, Against Meidias 41.
440.
Eusebius; cf. Ammianus Marcellinus 14. 11; 22. 3.
441.
The sister of Gallus was the first wife of Constantius.
442.
ἀκηκόατε Cobet, ἠκούσατ
443.
δὴ Hertlein suggests, δὲ MSS.
444.
The title of Caesar.
445.
Gaudentius.
446.
A town in Illyricum.
447.
For the account of this alleged conspiracy cf. Ammianus Marcellinus 15. 3.
448.
Cf. Oration 1. 48 c; 2. 98 c, d.
449.
At Milan.
450.
Milan.
451.
Eusebius.
452.
περιβλέπων ... σοβῶν Hertlein suggests, περιβλέποντες ... σοβοῦντες MSS.
453.
Cf. Oration 1. 32 a. The origin of the proverb is obscure; cf. Cicero, Letter to Atticus 9. 13.
454.
Mardonius.
455.
ἐδεχόμην Naber, δὲ εἱλόμην Hertlein, MSS.
456.
ὁμωρόφιος Cobet, ὁμορόφιος Hertlein, MSS.
457.
ἔδειξεν Hertlein suggests, ἐπέδειξεν MSS.
458.
τριακοστὸν Hertlein suggests, τριακοσιοστὸν MSS.
459.
ἀφελῶς Cobet, ἀσφαλῶς Hertlein, MSS.
460.
An echo of Plato, Phaedo 62 c; cf. Fragment of a Letter 297 a.
461.
Cf. Ammianus Marcellinus 15. 8.
462.
Oreibasius; cf. Letter 17.
463.
ὑπακούοντα Hertlein suggests, ὑπακούσοντα MSS.
464.
355 a.d.
465.
αὐτὸς MSS., Cobet, [αὐτὸς] Hertlein.
466.
At Vienne.
467.
Marcellus.
468.
ὀλίγον Hertlein suggests, ὀλίγῳ MSS.
469.
357 a.d.
470.
Cologne.
471.
Strasburg.
472.
Chnodomar.
473.
ἐπέστειλε πρός με τὸ αὐτὸ πράττειν Horkel, ἐπέστειλεν αὐτὸ πρός με, πράττειν Hertlein, MSS.
474.
δ᾽ after ἀφελόμενος Hertlein suggests.
475.
Cf. Isocrates, To Demonicus 14.
476.
ἄσμενος
477.
βλέπων ... κατανόησας Horkel, κατανόησας ... βλέπων Hertlein, MSS.
478.
γραμματεῖον Horkel adds, δέλτον Naber.
479.
δή Hertlein would add.
480.
Julian was at Paris.
481.
Cf. Thucydides I, lxxvii. 2.
482.
ὢν Cobet, τῶν Hertlein, MSS.
483.

Odyssey 3. 173.

ᾐτέομεν δὲ θεὸν φῆναι τέρας, αὐτὰρ ὅ γ᾽ ἡμῖν δεῖξε καὶ ἠνώγει.

484.
i.e. the title of Augustus.
485.
ἐπιθήσεσθαι Cobet, ἐπιθέσθαι Hertlein, MSS.
486.
ὡς καίσαρι Hertlein suggests, καίσαρι MSS.
487.
Athanasius says that Epictetus was bishop of Centumcellae; hence Petavius suggests Κεντουμκελλῶν for τῶν Γαλλιῶν.
488.
Bregentz, on Lake Constance.
489.
Epictetus was bishop of Centumcellae (Civita Vecchia); see critical note.
490.
cf. “Write in dust” or “write in water.”
491.
Demosthenes, Olynthiac 1. 27.
492.
αἰδέσονται Cobet, εἴσονται Hertlein, MSS.
493.
p. 256 c, between τὸ δὴ λεγόμενον and καὶ πεποιήκασι.
494.
The beginning is lost: Julian has apparently been describing the functions of good demons, and now passes on to the demons whose task is to punish evil-doers; cf. Oration 2. 90 b.
495.
ἀξιοῖμεν Hertlein suggests, ἀξιοῦμεν MSS.
496.
παρὰ θεῶν Hertlein suggests, παρ᾽ αὐτῶν MSS.
497.
Genesis 3. 21.
498.
Pindar, Olympian Ode 7. 49; this became a Sophistic commonplace. Cf. Menander (Spengel) 3. 362; Aristides 1. 807; Libanius 31. 6, Foerster; Philostratus, Imagines 2. 270.
499.
πονηροῖς Hertlein suggests, πολεμίοις MSS.
500.
Odyssey 6. 207.
501.
ὑποστῆσαι Reiske would add.
502.
ἐθῶν Hertlein suggests, ἀγαθῶν Petavius, ἠθῶν MSS.
503.
τέκνα Hertlein would add.
504.
φυτευσάντων τῶν Hertlein suggests, νευσάντων MSS.
505.
The connection of the thought is not clear, and Petavius thinks that something has been lost.
506.
Julian here prefers the Platonic account of the creation in the Timaeus to the Biblical narrative.
507.
σωματικῶς Petavius, Hertlein approves, σωματικὰς MSS.
508.
ἕτερον Hertlein suggests, δεύτερον Reiske, τρίτον MSS.
509.
cf. St. Paul, Acts 17. 25, “neither is he worshipped with men's hands, as though he needed anything.”
510.
Of Syracuse, whose claim to be immortal was accepted by the Sicilians.
511.
Agamemnon; Iliad 1. 23.
512.
καὶ—ποιήσει Hertlein suggests, lacuna MSS.
513.
ἀγαπῶμεν Hertlein suggests, ἀγαπήσομεν MSS.
514.
ἐξελέγξῃ Hertlein suggests, ἐξελέγχῃ MSS.
515.
cf. Plato, Phaedo 62 c; Letter to the Athenians 276 b.
516.
Apollo.
517.
An oracle from an unknown source: these verses occur again in Epistle 62. 451 a.
518.
Sc. I will protect.
519.
Euripides, fr. 488 Nauck; cf. 197 c, 358 d, 387 b, 391 this phrase became a proverb; cf. Lucian, Hermotimus 789.
520.
ἀχλυόεντος Hertlein suggests; ἀχλυόεσσαν MSS.
521.
An oracle from an unknown source.
522.
θέα Brambs, MSS., θεῷ Reiske, Cobet, Hertlein.
523.
πῶς Hertlein suggests, πάντως MSS.
524.
ὥσπερ Hertlein suggests, ὅπερ MSS.
525.
Hipponax of Ephesus, a scurrilous poet who wrote in choliambics (the skazon) and flourished about the middle of the sixth century b.c.; cf. Horace, Epodes 6. 12.
526.
γε Hertlein suggests, τε MSS.
527.
τῷ Wright, ὡς Hertlein, MSS. The meaning is not clear and Petavius suspects corruption.
528.
τῷ Hertlein suggests, ὡς MSS.
529.
κατὰ τῆς συμφορᾶς Hertlein suggests, καὶ τὰς συμφορὰς MSS.
530.
ὡς καὶ Hertlein would add.
531.
ἡμᾶς—σωφρονεῖν Cobet suggests, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.
532.
εἰ γὰρ τοῦτο Hertlein suggests, εἴπερ ἐκ τούτου MSS.
533.
ἔν ἄλλοις Cobet would add; cf. 298 a.
534.

Cf. Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes; Euripides, Phoenissae 1118.

ὁ μάντις Ἀμφιάραος οὐ σημεῖ᾽ ἔχων
ὑβρισμέν᾽, ἀλλὰ σωφρόνως ἄσημ᾽ ὅπλα.

535.
ἐχέτω Petavius suggests, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.
536.
εὐδοκιμοῦντος Hertlein suggests, καλλίστου δοκοῦντος Reiske, δοκοῦντος MSS.
537.
γὰρ Hertlein would add.
538.
The conclusion is lost, and may have been suppressed by Christian copyists.
539.
cf. Oration 4. 157 c.
540.
306 a.
541.
Better known by its Latin name Saturnalia. Saturn is the Greek Kronos.
542.
φασί Cobet, lacuna V., Hertlein, ἐπιδείξει MSS.
543.
i.e. not a fable with a moral nor an animal fable.
544.
αὐτοὺς Hertlein suspects to be an interpolation.
545.
Cf. Plato, Phaedrus 247 b.
546.
Odyssey 6. 42.
547.
ἐκαθεζέσθην Hertlein suggests, ἐκαθέζετον V., ἐκαθεζέτην MSS.
548.
Cf. Oration 4. 149 b, 154 d.
549.
Cf. Martial 8. 51. 5: “Vera minus flavo radiant electra metallo”; it is often uncertain whether electron means amber, or a combination of 4/5 gold and 1/5 silver.
550.
χαριτοδότην Spanheim, cf. 148 d, χαριδότην Hertlein, MSS.
551.
This is not in our Homer, but Julian may have in mind Iliad 11. 76.
552.
συνεκεκρότητο Hertlein suggests, συνεκροτεῖτο MSS.
553.
ἀπαντώντων Spanheim, πάντων Hertlein, MSS.
554.
Silenus is usually represented as bald.
555.
Suetonius, Augustus 16.
556.
The Stoic philosopher.
557.
Julian probably alludes to the influence on Augustus of Athenodorus the Stoic.
558.
A deity among the Thracians, who according to one tradition had been a slave of Pythagoras; cf. Herodotus 4. 94; Plato, Charmides 156 d; Julian 8. 244 a.
559.
Cf. Plato, Gorgias 525 d, e; Republic 611 c; Tacitus, Annals 6. 6; Lucian, Cataplus 27.
560.
Odyssey 16. 181; there is a play on the word πάροιθεν which means also “in front.”
561.
Δήμου Cobet, δήμου Hertlein, MSS., Δημοσθένους Spanheim.
562.
i.e. Seleucus; cf. Suetonius, Tiberius 56, 70.
563.
Suetonius, Tiberius 60.
564.
Caligula.
565.
Knights 1111 foll.
566.
Their riches were proverbial, cf. Juvenal 1. 109; 14. 32.
567.
Tacitus, Annals 11. 12; Juvenal 10. 330 foll.
568.
τὸ σμῆνος Hertlein suggests, τὸν δῆμον MSS.
569.
An allusion partly to the smoke of civil war, partly to the burning of the temple of Jupiter Capitoline under Vitellius; the temple was restored by Vespasian; Tacitus, Annals 4. 81.
570.
Titus.
571.
Domitian.
572.
Phalaris of Agrigentum.
573.
Nerva.
574.
ἵστασθαι Cobet, ἵπτασθαι Hertlein, MSS.
575.
Hadrian.
576.
Antoninus Pius.
577.
A proverb for niggardliness; cf. Theocritus 10. 50.
578.
Verus was the family name of Marcus Aurelius.
579.
Lucius Verus.
580.
Commodus.
581.
Faustina.
582.
καὶ before κολαστικός Hertlein suggests.
583.
παιδάρια Cobet, MSS., παιδαρίδια Hertlein, V., m.
584.
εἶπεν Hertlein suggests, ἐπεῖπεν MSS.
585.
Geta.
586.
Caracalla.
587.
Heliogabalus; cf. Oration 4. 150 d, note.
588.
Alexander Severus was assassinated in 235 a.d.
589.
Mammaea.
590.
Valerian died in captivity among the Persians.
591.
Euripides, Phoenissae 120.
592.
Slightly altered from Iliad 2. 872.
593.
Cf. Oration 1. 6 d.
594.
Cf. Oration 4. 155 b.
595.
An oracular verse ascribed to Rhadamanthus by Aristotle, Nic. Ethics 5. 5. 3; attributed to Hesiod, Fragments 150 Goettling; it became a proverb.
596.
Plato, Laws 659 e; a rhetorical commonplace; Themistius 63 b.
597.
Cf. Plato, Symposium 215; cf. Julian, Oration 6. 187 a.
598.
A reference to the oracle of Apollo which declared that Socrates was the wisest man of his times.
599.
Cf. Oration 1. 7 a, b.
600.
i.e. the two Maximians, the colleagues of Diocletian.
601.
Constantine II, Constans and Constantius.
602.
Cf. Oration 1. 31, 33 foll.
603.
ἑνός εἰσιν ἀντάξιοι Naber, ἑνὸς ὦσιν οὐκ ἀντάξιοι Hertlein, MSS.; V omits οὐκ.
604.
Caracalla.
605.
Cf. Plato, Laws 730 d; Julian, Misopogon 353 d.
606.
ἐκροφήσουσι Hertlein suggests, ἐκροφήσωσι MSS.
607.
ἀφελοῦνται Hertlein suggests, ἀφέλωνται MSS.
608.
Marcus Aurelius.
609.
A reference to the water-clock, clepsydra.
610.
In this doggerel made up of tags of anapaestic verse, Julian reproduces in the first five and last two verses the proclamation made at the Olympic games. The first three verses occur in Lucian, Demonax 65.
611.
πλεῖν Cobet, πλέον Hertlein, MSS.
612.
ἐπῆλθε Hertlein suggests, περιῆλθε Cobet, παρῆλθε MSS.
613.
οὔτι ταὐτὸν Hertlein suggests, τί τοσοῦτον MSS.
614.
Cf. Oration 1. 8 c.
615.
Darius III.
616.
Cf. Oration 2. 56 c.
617.
The “inner” sea was the Mediterranean.
618.
Caesar, De Bello Gallico 4. 25, ascribes this to the standard-bearer of the tenth legion.
619.
γεγονὼς Petavius, Naber, γέγονας Hertlein, MSS.
620.
τῇ νίκῃ before νικῶν Hertlein suggests; cf. Oration 1. 59 d.
621.
At Gades, on seeing a statue of Alexander; cf. Suetonius, Julius Caesar 7.
622.
Led by Spartacus 73-71 b.c.; Appian, Civil Wars I. 116-120.
623.
Lucius Gellius; Plutarch, Crassus.
624.
Licinius Lucullus the conqueror of Mithridates.
625.
Caius Marius the rival of Sulla.
626.
Furius Camillus repulsed the Gauls 390 b.c.; cf. Oration 1. 29 d.
627.
Cf. Letter to Themistius, 267 b.
628.
A proverb for effeminacy; cf. Plutarch, Pompeius 48; Juvenal 9. 133, qui digito scalpunt uno caput; Lucian, The Rhetorician's Guide 11.
629.
At Dyrrhachium; Plutarch, Julius Caesar.
630.
An echo of Plutarch, Apophthegmata 206 d.
631.
Ἀντώνιος Cobet rejects, since Julian prefers to substitute descriptive phrases for names.
632.
ὅμως Cobet, ὅμως δὲ Hertlein, MSS.
633.
Heracles.
634.
τὸν Hertlein would add.
635.
ἀποδεδειγμένα Cobet, ἀποδεδομένα Hertlein, MSS.
636.
ἡσυχάζειν Reiske adds.
637.
Suetonius, Augustus 16; during the campaign against Pompey when the fleet of Augustus was lost in a storm, he swore that he would win in spite of Neptune.
638.
Augustus was Julius Caesar's nephew, and his son only by adoption.
639.
A Stoic philosopher; cf. pseudo-Lucian, Long Lives 21. 23; Suetonius, Augustus; Dio Chrysostom 33. 48.
640.
Letter 51. 434 a; Letter to Themistius 265 c; Themistius 63 d.
641.
ἄλλοι Reiske adds.
642.
ἐμαυτοῦ Hertlein suggests, ἐμοῦ MSS.
643.
ἔκγονον Wright, ἔγγονον Hertlein, MSS.
644.
Cf. 309 c, Oration 8. 244 a and note.
645.

For this idiom cf. Milton, Paradise Lost 4. 324.

“Adam the goodliest of men since born
His sons, the fairest of her daughters Eve.”

646.
Euripides, fr. 417 Nauck.
647.
ἀσθενῆ Sylburg adds.
648.
After ἐτετελέκει Cobet suspects that several words are lost.
649.
νίκης Cobet, MSS, δίκης Hertlein, V, M.
650.
Maxentius.
651.
Licinius.
652.
A proverb for whatever perishes quickly; cf. Theocritus 15. Frazer, Attis, Adonis and Osiris, p. 194.
653.
οὐ κρίνειν ἐκ Hertlein suggests, οὐκ ἐκ MSS.
654.
At the storming of the capital of the Mallians, probably the modern city Multan, in 326 b.c., cf. Plutarch, Alexander; Lucian, Dialogues of the Dead 14.
655.
Peucestes was wounded but saved Alexander's life; Pliny 34. 8.
656.
Andromache 693 foll.: the passage continues “Tis not those who did the work that gain the credit but the general wins all the glory.” Cleitus was killed by Alexander at a banquet for quoting these verses.
657.
τὸν Κλεῖτον ἔδρασεν ἐργάσηται MSS.; Hertlein suggests omission of ἔδρασεν.
658.
μήτε εἶναι μήτε νομίζεσθαι Hertlein suggests, εἶναι μήτε νομίζεσθαι MSS.
659.
εἰπέ Hertlein suggests; cf. 333 d, εἶπε MSS.
660.
οὔτοι V, Cobet, οὔτι Hertlein.
661.
This is not according to history. The Senate gave Brutus and Cassius proconsular power in their provinces.
662.
Tyrant of Syracuse 405-367 b.c.
663.
Tyrant of Syracuse 317-289 b.c.
664.
Caius Caesar.
665.
Julian refers to the custom of deifying the Emperors.
666.
μὲν οὖν Hertlein suggests, οὖν MSS. καὶ before σὺ Cobet adds.
667.
εἰπέ Hertlein suggests, cf. 331 d, εἶπε MSS.
668.
διαπορήσας Reiske suggests to complete the construction.
669.
Simonides fr. 5 Bergk.
670.
Plato, Protagoras 339 e ὥσπερ ὑπὸ ἀγαθοῦ πύκτου πληγείς.
671.
Iliad 9. 343.
672.
A paraphrase of Iliad 5. 897.
673.
ζῶν Cobet, ἄγων Reiske, ἔχων Hertlein, MSS.
674.
Iliad 3. 55.
675.
Kronos.
676.
Introduction to Volume I. p. vii.
677.
Constantius Chlorus.
678.
cf. Libanius, Oration 29. 220, where he warns the people of Antioch that Caesarea had already robbed them of one sophist by the offer of a higher salary, and exhorts them not to neglect rhetoric, the cause of their greatness.
679.
"The Discourse at Antioch" is an alternative title in the MSS.
680.
In the seventh century b.c. Alcaeus of Lesbos and Archilochus both suffered exile, and the latter fell in battle against Naxos. For the misfortunes of Alcaeus, cf. Horace, Odes 2. 13.
681.
For Ismenias of Thebes cf. Plutarch, Pericles. The saying became a proverb; cf. Dio Chrysostom, Oration 78. 420; Themistius 366 b; Burton, Anatomy of Melancholy, “I have lived mihi et Musis in the University.”
682.
συγκαταφαγὼν Cobet, καὶ συγκαταφαγὼν Hertlein, MSS.
683.
Daphnis is the hero of bucolic poetry; Julian echoes Theocritus 12. 32 ὃς δέ κε προσμάξῃ γλυκερώτερα χείλεσι χείλη.
684.
Odyssey 22. 151; cf. Zonaras 13. 12. 213, Dindorf.
685.
Κικέρωνι Naber, cf. Plutarch, Cicero, Κίμωνι Hertlein, MSS.
686.
εἰ Reiske, ἃ Hertlein, MSS.
687.
ὑμῖν καὶ Reiske, μὲν Hertlein, MSS.
688.
cf. Plutarch, Cicero, who says that Cicero had a wart on his nose.
689.
i.e. the altar of Dionysus which was set up in the orchestra.
690.
ἀναμιμνήσκεσθε—φρενῶν Hertlein writes as prose; Brambs identified as a fragment of Cratinus.
691.
Cratinus, Eunidae fr. 1; cf. Synesius, Epistle 129; Julian refers to Constantius, whom the people of Antioch now compare with him.
692.
Constantius.
693.
Count Julian who had been Governor of Antioch. cf. Letter 13.
694.
Gallus his half-brother.
695.
ὀλιγιστάκις Hertlein suggests, ὀλιγάκις MSS.
696.
περιλαμβάνει Cobet, καταλαμβάνει Hertlein, MSS.
697.
εἰσιν οἳ Cobet, τινές εἰσιν οἳ Hertlein, MSS.
698.
τὸν—κρύσταλλα Hertlein suggests, ᾧ ἐῴικει μάλιστα τοῦ λευκοῦ τούτου τὰ κρύσταλλα, MSS.
699.
ὑπογαίοις Naber, cf. Pliny Ep. 2. 17; ὑπὸ ταῖς Hertlein, MSS.
700.
cf. Oration 3. 113 c, note. Cobet thinks that the verse in Menander, Duskolos was αὐτὸς δ᾽ ἐμαυτῷ προστίθημι τοὺς πόνους.
701.
For Solon's visit to Croesus at Sardis cf. Herodotus 1. 29.
702.
Odyssey 8. 249.
703.
i.e. bringing false accusations, which was the trade of the sycophant or blackmailer.
704.
Apollo who was worshipped at Daphne near Antioch.
705.

Iliad 7. 195

τόφρ᾽ ὑμεῖς εὔχεσθε Διί Κρονίωνι, ἄνακτι σιγῇ ἐφ᾽ ὑμείων, ἵνα μὴ Τρῶές γε πύθωνται.

706.
Odyssey 22. 411.
707.
Iliad 6. 301.
708.
ὁρμῇ μιᾷ Naber, ὁρώμενόν Hertlein, MSS.
709.
μόνον θεούς Hertlein suggests, θεούς MSS.
710.
τοῖς ὧν Naber, ὧν Hertlein, MSS.
711.
Odyssey 5. 12.
712.
The phrase δρῦς καὶ πέτρα, literally, “the oak tree and the rock” became a proverb for something hackneyed; cf. Hesiod, Theogony 35, ἀλλὰ τίη μοι ταῦτα περὶ δρῦν ἢ περὶ πέτρην;
713.
The Christians invaded the shrine of Apollo at Daphne and the priests of Apollo abandoned it to them. Julian destroyed the Christian Church there and restored the worship of Apollo.
714.
Literally the “day not to be mentioned,” i.e. “unholy day,” nefastus dies, on which business was suspended.
715.
πεπόλισται Cobet, Hertlein approves, πεποίητα
716.
τὰ Hertlein suggests, τὸ MSS.
717.
i.e. Antiochus.
718.
cf. Plutarch, Demetrius.
719.
i.e. Erasistratus.
720.
The phrase occurs in Hesiod, Works and Days 66, but not in Homer.
721.
Stratonice.
722.
In Plutarch's version Antiochus married Stratonice during his father's lifetime.
723.
ἐπώνυμον Hertlein suggests, ὁμώνυμον MSS.
724.
Iliad 24. 261.
725.
Odyssey 19. 396.
726.
σε ὅτι—δεῖ Cobet, σε—δεῖν Hertlein, MSS.
727.
αὐτοὺς Reiske, αὐτοῖς Hertlein, MSS.
728.
Smicrines is a typical name in New Comedy for an avaricious old man; Thrasyleon is said to have been used by Menander as the name of a boasting soldier, “miles gloriosus.”
729.
Theognis 215 foll. advises men to imitate the adaptability of the polypus.
730.
Mykonos was an island in the Cyclades whose inhabitants were proverbial for poverty and greed.
731.
The cordax was a lascivious dance.
732.
Plato, Republic 372 e.
733.
The suitors of Penelope lived on pork and mutton.
734.
Literally “pulse.”
735.
Aristophanes, Acharnians 180 uses these words to describe the older, more robust generation of Athenians.
736.
Xenophon, Symposium 4. 28.
737.
i.e. before he had been appointed Caesar.
738.
cf. 352 c.
739.
The chariot race in Iliad 23.
740.
The citharode played and sang to the lyre: Phemius was at the court of Odysseus in Ithaca; Demodocus in Phaeacia.
741.
Odysseus thus refers to Nausicaa in Odyssey 6. 162.
742.
i.e. Mardonius; it was a Sophistic mannerism to use such a periphrasis instead of giving the name directly; see vol. i. Introduction, p. xi.
743.
Constantius was under the influence of the powerful eunuchs of his court; they had been expelled by Julian, but Mardonius was an exception to his class.
744.
Basilina.
745.
Athene.
746.
πᾶσιν ἄδειαν Cobet, πᾶσι πᾶσαν ἄδειαν Hertlein, MSS.
747.
Plato, Laws 730 d.
748.
ἐπονειδιστότατον Hertlein suggests, ἐπονείδιστον MSS.
749.
Julian refers to Libanius the famous rhetorician; with him were also Maximus of Ephesus, Priscus, Himerius and Oreibasius the physician.
750.
ἀκούσῃς Hertlein suggests, ἀκούσαις MSS.
751.
ἀρξαμένοις before πρῶτον Hertlein suggests, Klimek ἀποστᾶσι τῆς for ἀπὸ τῆς.
752.
In 272 b.c. the Romans took Tarentum.
753.
The people of Antioch ridiculed the Pagan symbols, such as the figures of Helios, the sun-god, which Julian had engraved on his coinage.
754.
There was a statue of Calliope in the market-place at Antioch.
755.
The people of Emesa burned the Christian churches and spared only one, which they converted into a temple of Dionysus.
756.
A proverb to express complete indifference.
757.
ἐκ βίβλων πολλῶν Hertlein suggests, ἐκ τῶν πολλῶν MSS.
758.
The anecdote which follows is told by Plutarch in his Cato the Younger and also in his Pompeius.
759.
Julian must have known that in Cato's day the Romans never wore beards.
760.
cf. Fragment of a Letter 299 c, note.
761.
Plutarch.
762.
ἐπιτηδείων—οἰομένοις—εὐδαιμονεστάτοις Hertlein suggests, ἐπιτηδείῳ δήμοις ἐντυγχάνειν καὶ ὑπὸ τρυφῆς εὐδαιμονεστάτῳ MSS.
763.
cf. Caesar, Gallic War, 6. 24.
764.
ἐπιδείκνυσθαι Hertlein would add.
765.
We do not know what sort of performance was given by a cotylist; he was evidently a mime and may have played with cups; κοτύλη = a pint-cup.
766.
i.e. may they have two such rulers as Constantius.
767.
i.e. the sepulchres over which the Christian churches were built; cf. 357 c, note.
768.
ἐνεῖσαν Hertlein suggests, ἔδειξαν MSS.
769.
Babylas, Bishop of Antioch, had been buried in the grove of Daphne, and the priests of Apollo retired from it. When the church over his tomb was demolished by Julian he removed the body of St. Babylas to Antioch, and that night (October 22. 362 a.d.) the people of Antioch burned the temple of Apollo which Julian had restored. Cf. Johannes Chrysostomos, De S. Babyla et contra Julianum; and Libanius, Monody on the Temple of Apollo at Daphne.
770.
Kasios was the name of a mountain near Antioch where there was a temple of Zeus.
771.
μίαν ὄρνιν Hertlein suggests, ὄρνιν MSS.
772.
ἕνα γε Hertlein suggests, ἕνα MSS.
773.
μὲν οὖν Hertlein suggests, μὲν MSS.
774.
cf. Themistius 332 d.
775.
Julian probably alludes to the riot which took place at Antioch on account of the famine in 354, when the populace killed Theophilus the Governor and were punished for the murder by Constantius.
776.
τῆς πόλεως Hertlein suggests, τὴν πόλι
777.
Demosthenes, Against Meidias 153 ἀποκναίει γὰρ ἀηδίᾳ καὶ ἀναισθησίᾳ.
778.
ἀλλὰ καὶ Reiske would add.
779.
προστασία is sometimes used of the Imperial protection of a municipal guild, and that may be Julian's meaning here.
780.
Iliad 2. 542.
781.
Julian, Count of the East.
782.
Anacreon fr. 77, Bergk.
783.
ἢ καὶ Hertlein suggests, καὶ MSS.
784.
cf. Oration 7. 204 b.
785.
The Senatorship was an expensive burden.
786.
οὐκ ἐπὶ—μέτρων Hertlein suggests, οὐ κατὰ—μέτρα MSS.
787.
The modius was a bushel measure.
788.
This does not occur in Hesiod or Pindar.
789.
A phrase from an unknown oracular source.
790.
The avenging goddess who is more familiarly known as Nemesis.
791.
In 354 a.d. there was a riot at Antioch in consequence of scarcity of food; Constantius sent troops to punish the citizens for the murder of Theophilus the Governor of Syria.
792.
cf. 340 a, 365 c.