388. The prefix paki-, which forms simple static forms, transients, and abstracts, expresses that the subject of the sentence 35performs or undergoes the action along with others that were involved in it before,—this either through interference or by favor of someone else.

389. Simple static form: aŋ pakikinábaŋ the obtaining of profit (kinábaŋ) in trade with others; also: holy communion. So 40pakipútol, in command (cf. § 341,3,c), cut as a favor.

390. The active transient and the abstract have the forms: maki-pútol, makì-ki-pútol, naki-pútol, nakì-ki-pútol, paki-ki-pútol, i. e. the reduplication affects the syllable -ki-.

Aŋ kapitàn ay nagpadalà naŋ isa ŋ sekréta sa lúpà naŋ kaáway úpaŋ makiramdàm naŋ kanila ŋ kìlúsan. The captain sent 5a spy to the enemy’s country to spy out (literally: perceive along) their movements. Makìkikáin akò kina Lílay. I am going to Lilay’s for a meal. Si Pédro ay nakikáin kina Hwàn. Pedro took a meal at Juan’s house. Nakipútol akò naŋ damò sa lúpà ni Mariyáno. I obtained permission to cut grass from Mariano’s 10land. Sila y nàròroòn sa búkid ni Pédro at nakìkipútol naŋ damò. They have gone to Pedro’s field and are cutting grass there by his permission. Pumaroòn ka t makipútol naŋ damò. Go and ask them to let you cut some grass. Pakikipútol díto ni Hwàn naŋ damò ay siŋilìn mo aŋ útaŋ nya. When Juan asks to be allowed 15to cut grass here, dun him for his debt. Sila y nakisúno kay Mariyà. They had Maria let them live in her house with her.

So: sakày, sáma, túloy, túlog.

(a) With accent shift of the root (§ 337): makialàm look after someone, nose into others’ affairs (álam).

20391. The root has pag- when the formation corresponds to a primary active with mag- in contrast with -um- (§ 351): Nakìkipagáway aŋ báta ŋ itò, kanyàʾ hindí dápat pahintulúta ŋ madalàs na manáog naŋ báhay. As this boy gets into fights, he should not often be allowed to leave the house. Nakipagáway si Pédro. 25Pedro got into the fight. Nasaktàn si Hwàn sa kanya ŋ pakikipaglaròʾ. Juan got hurt when he joined into the game. So from: bunòʾ, dalamhátiʾ, lában, tagpòʾ, úsap.

(a) From derived words: Hwag kà ŋ makipaglàŋúyan, Hwàn, at baká ka malúnod. Don’t go swimming with the crowd, 30Juan, I am afraid you might get drowned. Makìkipaglàŋúyan ka bà, Pédro? Are you going along swimming, Pedro? Nakipagluksúhan si Hwàn naŋ idáos aŋ maŋa laròʾ. Juan entered in the jumping-contest when the games were held. Similarly, from: pustá-han, siksík-an, takbú-han. All these belong under § 377,a. 35See also § 427,b.

(b) Corresponding to primary active with mag- (1) § 353: Nakipagbabàg si Pédro. Pedro got into a free fight (bábag).

392. The root has paŋ-, corresponding to a primary active with maŋ-: Sya y hindí pinahintulútan sa kanya ŋ pakikipamútol 40naŋ tubò. His request to be allowed to cut cane was not granted.

393. In the passive the paki- expresses that the subject undergoes the action along with others, often as a favor on the part of the actor. So direct passive: paki-putúl-in be cut, as a favor on the part of the one who does the cutting; the recipient of the favor is the speaker.

394. In the instrumental passive the meaning is similar; sometimes, however, the instrumental passive is used with the person 5asking the favor as agent.

Maárì mo ŋà ŋ ipakihúlog sa kuréyo aŋ súlat? Will you please mail my letter for me? (literally: Can my letter please be thrown-along-with-yours or thrown-as-a-favor into the mail by you?). Ipinakihúlog ni Pédro aŋ áki ŋ súlat. Pedro mailed my 10letter (along with his or as a favor) for me. Ipinakìkihúlog ko lámaŋ kay Pédro aŋ áki ŋ maŋa súlat. I am asking Pedro to mail my letters for me; here ipinakìkihúlog is not that thrown as a favor, but that asked to be thrown as a favor. Ipakìkipútol daw ni Hwàn aŋ buhòk naŋ alílà nya ŋ Intsèk. Juan says he will ask 15someone to cut his Chinese servant’s hair; ipakìkipútol is here that asked to be cut as a favor, and the relation of asking is the only thing expressed by the instrumental (rather than the direct) passive.

395. The root has pag-, corresponding to § 351: Ipakipagpútol 20mo ŋàʾ naŋ buhòk aŋ guntìŋ na itò, úpaŋ áti ŋ masubúkan aŋ húsay naŋ talìm. Please use this shears in cutting hair, so that we may test the quality of the edge (genuine instrumental passive). Ipakìkipagpútol daw nya akò naŋ búhòʾ pagáhon nya sa bundòk. He says he will cut some bamboo for me when he goes 25up into the mountains. (genuine instrumental passive). Ipinakipagpútol akò ni Hwàn naŋ tubò. Juan had someone cut me some sugar-cane (literally: I was asked to be cut for as a favor). Ipinakìkipagpútol daw ni Hwàn si Pédro naŋ labòŋ. Juan says he is having someone cut bamboo-shoots for Pedro.

30396. Local passive with paki-: pinakibalitáan was ascertained by the actor getting people to tell him as a favor.

(a) From shifted root: pinakialamàn.

(b) With pag- (cf. § 352): pinakìkipagtakbuhàn.