Grodno, Muslims in, 3
Guinea Coast, 338–9
Gujarāt, spread of Islam in, 275–7
Gulbarga, 271
Hādī, caliph, 84
Ḥafṣ b. al-Walīd, governor of Egypt, and the Christians, 103–4
Ḥājī Purwa, 378
Ḥājīs, and missionary activity, 416;
in Africa, 330, 354;
in the Malay Archipelago, 405–6;
in Java, 377;
in Sambawa, 398;
in Sumatra, 369, 370, 371
Halemahera, 390
Hardatta, 257
Hārūn al-Rashīd, 64, 84;
oppresses the Christians, 76;
permits erection of churches, 67
Hausas, 319–20, 321, 325;
as proselytisers, 320, 333, 339;
on West Coast of Africa, 340
Hayton, king of Armenia, 221, 229
Heraclius, 28, 48, 53–4, 70 n.3, 207
Hinduism and Islam, in India, 254–91;
in Java, 384–6
Ḥīrah, 50
Hishām, caliph, 295
Hottentots, 351
Hui Hui, 295
Hungary, Calvinists of, 155;
Muslims in, 160 n.1, 193–4
Ibn Ḥanbal, 74
Ibn K͟hūrdādbih, 211
Ibn Tūmart, 316
Ibrāhīm, Christian, in charge of Bayt al-Māl, 63
Ibrāhīm I, Sultan of Turkey, 423
Idaans, tribe in Borneo, 391–2
Ijebu country, South Nigeria, 326
Īlik-K͟hāns, dynasty, 215, 216
Īlk͟hān dynasty, 223, 226, 229–34
Ilorin, 325
India, 212, 254–91, 439;
Islam introduced into Malay Archipelago from, 364
Indo-China, Islam in, 376
Intolerance condemned, 209.
See also Forced conversion, to Islam, condemned
Ishōʻ-yabh III, Nestorian Patriarch, 81
Islam, brotherhood of, 42–3, 75,340, 356, 357, 416
Islam, causes of spread of, 413–26;
in Africa, 353–8, 362;
in Albania, 182, 184, 190;
in Arabia, 35, 41;
in Bosnia, 200;
in Egypt, 94, 105–6, 108–9;
in India, 279, 287–91;
in the Malay Archipelago, 365, 400, 405, 407;
in Spain, 132;
in Turkey, 157–8, 160, 166, 172–5;
under the Umayyads and ʻAbbāsids, 70–5, 79 n.1
Islam, a missionary religion, 1, 11, 29, 42–4, 409
Islam, ritualism of, 417–19
Islam, a universal religion, 28–30
Ismāʻīl b. ʻAbd Allāh, governor of North Africa, 314
Ismāʻīlian missionaries, 211–13;
in India, 212, 274–6;
in Kashmīr, 291
Israel, Christian official, 64 [461]
Jacobite Church, in Abyssinia, 113–21;
in Egypt, 69, 102–9;
in Nubia, 109–13;
in Persia, 69, 81–2, 207;
recent statistics, 80
Jacobus Manopo, first Christian king of Bolaäng-Mongondou, 396
Jacobus Manuel Manopo, first Muslim king of Bolaäng-Mongondou, 397
Jains converted to Islam, 271
Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Shāh, king of Bengal, 278
Jamāl al-Dīn, first Muslim king of Tidor, 388
James II, king of England, invited to embrace Islam, 409 n.3
Janissaries, corps of, 150–1, 167
Jarrāḥ b. ʻAbd Allāh, governor of K͟hurāsān, 83
Jatmall, becomes a Muhammadan, 277–8
Jāwej, Abyssinian chief, 118
Jenne, 318
Jews, attempt the conversion of the Russians, 243;
forced to become Muslims, 421;
in China, 305;
in Medina, 20, 26;
in Spain, welcome Arabs, 132;
Spanish, take refuge in Turkey, 156
Jihād, in Africa, 329, 331–3, 353;
in Sumatra, 372
Jizyah, tribute paid by non-Muslim subjects, 59–62, 103–4, 115, 207, 432;
paid also by newly-converted Muslims, 60, 83, 103 n.5;
—exemption granted to, Banū Tag͟hlib, 49;
newly-converted Muslims, 103–4, 258;
Christian troops in Muslim service, 61–2;
—rates, 60;
in Jerusalem, 57;
in Nubia, 110;
in Spain, 134.
See also Capitation-tax
John, king of Abyssinia, 119, 120
Joseph, Metropolitan of Merv, 84, 86 n.7
Joshua, Jacobite Patriarch, 86 n.6
Jukun tribe, 337
Justinian, 52, 72, 102 n.1, 123
Justus Stevenius, 93
Kabils, of Algeria, 127–9
Kābul, 217
Kanem, 320
Karamurtads, in Albania, 192
Karīm b. Shahriyār, 210
Kāshgar, Islam in, 215, 235, 238
Kashmīr, 291–2
Kastriota, George, 177
Katsena, 320
Kazaks, 238
Kei Islands, 404
K͟hālid al-Qasrī, erects a church, 67
K͟hālid b. al-Walīd, 46;
at Ḥīrah, 50–1;
Afghan legend concerning, 217
K͟harāj, 83
K͟hazars, 243
K͟hiljīs, Islam under the, 257–8
Khojah sect, 274–5
Khokand, 246
K͟hurāsān, conversion of Christians of, 81–2
Kʼien Lung, emperor of China, 304, 305
Kindī. See ʻAbd al-Masīḥ b. Isḥāq al-Kindī
Kocch tribe, converted to Islam, 288
Kovno, Muslims in, 3
Kritopoulos, Metrophanes, on tribute of Christian children, 150 n.2, 151
Kūchum K͟hān, 252
Kufra, 334 n.2
Kurguz, Buddhist governor of Persia, becomes Muslim, 227
Kuyūk K͟hān, treatment of Christians, 221, 225;
of Muhammadans, 225–6
Laccadive Islands, 270
Ladakh, 292–3
Lagos, 340
Lambri, in Sumatra, 368
Lampong districts, 371
Lefroy, Bishop, on causes of spread of Islam, 414–15;
on Islam in India, 259;
on Muslim public prayer, 418 n.2
Lhasa, Muhammadans in, 293
Liberia, 338
Lohānas, conversion of, 274
Lombok, 398
Louis VII. See St. Louis
Lucaris, Cyril, Patriarch of Constantinople, 161–4 [462]
Macarius, Patriarch of Antioch, 156
Macassar, kingdom in Celebes, 393, 395–6
Madagascar, 352
Madāyi, 265
Mahdī Purāṇa, 212
Maḥmūd of Ghazna, 254, 256, 257
Maimonides, Moses, 421
Majapahit, 379, 380–4, 390, 391 n.4
Malay Archipelago, 363–72, 377–407
Malay Peninsula, 372–6
Malays, in Cape Colony, 350
Maldive Islands, 270
Malik al-Z̤āhir, king of Samudra, 368
Malik b. al-Walīd, Christian official, 64
Maʼmūn, caliph, reign of, 78, 84, 85, 217;
permits erection of churches, 67;
interview with his uncle, Ibrāhīm, 358
Mandingos, 319, 331, 354;
as Muslim missionaries, 319, 321, 353;
on West Coast of Africa, 338, 340;
still pagan, 337
Mangū K͟hān, 222
Manila, 402
Mappillas, 263–4
Mark bar Qīqī, Jacobite Metropolitan, 86
Marriages of Christian women to Muhammadans, 136 n.3, 181, 186
Martyrs, Muslim, 14–15, 38, 224
Marwān, caliph, quoted, 8
Mecca, Arabs from, in the Malay Archipelago, 367, 375, 391;
pilgrimage to, 415–16;
religious centre of the Muslim world, 27.
See also Ḥājīs.
Menangkabau, kingdom of, 368–9, 372
Menelik, emperor of Abyssinia, 120, 350
Merāts, 287
Merchants, Muslim, as missionaries, 409, 419;
among the Mongols, 228;
in Africa, 118, 320, 333, 337, 339, 348, 353, 362;
in India, 264, 273;
in the Malay Archipelago, 365, 377, 387–8, 396, 403, 404;
in Siberia, 252
Merv, conversion of Christians of, 81–2
Metaras, Nicodemus, 164
Minahassa, 393
Mindanao, 399–401
Ming dynasty, 299
Minnat al-Islām Sabhā, 269
Missionaries, Muslim:—
ʻAbd Allāh, al-Yamanī, 275
ʻAbd Allāh, Shayk͟h, 373–5
ʻAbd Allāh ʻĀrif, 366
ʻAbd Allāh b. Yāsīn, 315
ʻAbd al-Razzāq, 266–7
Abū ʻAbd Allāh Muḥammad, 113–14
Abū ʻAlī Qalandar, 282
Abū Bakr, 401
Abū Ṣaydā, 214
Abu’l-Faraj b. al-Jawzī, 75
Abu’l-Naṣr Sāmānī, 215
ʻAmr b. Mālik, 40
ʻAmr b. Murrah, 36–7
ʻAyyāsh b. Abī Rabīʻah, 39
Bahā al-Dīn Zakariyyā, 281
Bahā al-Ḥaqq, 281
Baqā Ḥusayn K͟hān, 283, 439
Bulbul Shāh, 292
Burhān al-Dīn, 366
Ḍaḥḥāk b. Sufyān, 40
Danfodio. See ʻUt͟hmān Danfodio
Darvīsh Manṣūr, 100
Datu Mullā Ḥusayn, 388–9
Dāwal Shāh Pīr, 277
Ḍimām b. T͟haʻlabah, 35–6
Fak͟hr al-Dīn, 267–8
Faraḥ ʻAlī, 101
Farīd al-Dīn, 281
Ḥājī Muḥammad, 283
Ḥakīm Bagus, 397
Ḥasan al-Dīn, 385
Ḥasan ʻAlī, 283
Ḥasan b. ʻAlī, 210
Ḥasan Kabīr al-Dīn, 282
Ḥāshim Pīr Gujarātī, 271
Ibn Ḥanbal, 74
Ibrāhīm Abū Zarbay, 350
Imām Dikir, 404
Imām Shāh, 277
Imām Tuwéko, 397
Isḥāq, 382
Isḥāq Walī, 238
Ismāʻīl, Shayk͟h, 367–8
Jalāl al-Dīn Tabrīzī, 280
Jamāl al-Dīn, 235–6
Jumāda ʻl-Kubrạ̄, 381
K͟halīfah Ḥusayn, Shayk͟h, 382
K͟haṭīb Tungal, 395
Khunmir Ḥusaynī, 271
[463]Mahābīr Khamdāyat, 271
Malik ʻAbd al-Laṭīf, 277
Mālik b. Dīnār, 264–5
Mālik b. Ḥabīb, 264–5
Malik Ibrāhīm, 378–9
Manṣūr, Shayk͟h, 388
Minak Kamala Bumi, 371
Muḥammad b. ʻAbd al-Karīm b. Muḥammad al-Majīlī, 320
Muḥammad b. al-Huzayl, 74 n.3
Muḥammad ʻUbayd Allāh, 284–5
Muḥammad ʻUt͟hmān al-Amīr G͟hanī, 327
Muʻīn al-Dīn Chishtī, 281
Mullā ʻAlī, 275–6
Mumba Mulyaya, 270
Muṣʻab b. ʻUmayr, 15–16, 22–5
Nāṣir al-Ḥaqq Abū Muḥammad, 210
Nūr al-Dīn, 275
Nūr al-Dīn Ibrāhīm, 385
Nūr Satāgar, 275
Pati Putah, 389
Rashīd al-Dīn, 236–7
Ṣadr al-Dīn, 274–5
Sayyid Aḥmad Kabīr, 282
Sayyid ʻAlī Hamadānī, 292
Sayyid Ismāʻīl, 280
Sayyid Jalāl al-Dīn, 281–2
Sayyid Muḥammad b. Sayyid ʻAlī, 271
Sayyid Muḥammad Gīsūdarāz, 271
Sayyid Nathar Shāh, 267, 268
Sayyid Ṣadr al-Dīn, 282
Sayyid Safdar ʻAlī, 283
Sayyid Shāh Farīd al-Dīn, 292
Sayyid ʻUmar ʻAydrūs Basheban, 271
Sayyid Yūsuf al-Dīn, 274
Shāh al-Ḥamīd, 267
Shāh Muḥammad Ṣādiq Sarmast Ḥusaynī, 271
Shams al-Dīn, Mīr, 292
Sharaf b. Mālik, 264
Sharīf Kabungsuwan, 399
Sharīf Karīm al-Mak͟hdūm, 401
Sīdī ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz, 373
Tufayl b. ʻAmr, 37–8
ʻUmaru Kaba, 321
ʻUrwah b. Masʻūd, 38
ʻUt͟hmān Danfodio, 323–5
Wāt͟hilah b. al-Asqaʻ, 40
Yūsuf Shams al-Dīn, 270
Missionaries, Muslim,
from Bag͟hdād, in India, 271, 274;
from Buk͟hārā, in India, 280, 281;
among the Mongols, 228, 235–6;
in Siberia, 252;
from Persia, in India, 270, 280–2, 292.
See also Merchants, Prisoners, Women, as missionaries
Missionary activity, Muslim,
character of, 408–9;
enjoined in the Qurʼān, 3–4, 409;
in times of political weakness, 2, 144, 225, 239, 397, 400
Missionary efforts, unsuccessful Muslim,
in Arabia, 34–5, 40;
in Africa, 325–6;
in India, 266–7;
in Java, 378;
among the Mongols, 240;
among the Papuans, 403;
among the Russians, 242–3
Missionary religion, defined, 1
Missionary Societies, Muslim, 438–9
Moluccas, 387–90
Mongols, conquests, 218–19, 225;
converted to Christianity, 221;
converted to Islam, 227–30, 232–7,
in China, 297 sq.;
in Georgia, 97–8;
persecute the Muhammadans, 225–6, 234;
primitive religion, 220;
relations with Christian princes, 222, 229.
See also Tatars