Egyptian ships in Northern Europe, 33.
Egyptians, earliest shipbuilders and navigators, 27;
maritime expeditions of, 28.
Elephant and dolphin, 203.
Elixir of Life, malachite and silver offered to dead as, 37;
Chinese alchemical, 38;
see Metal Symbolism, Peach, Pearls, Plant of Life, and Water of Life.
Emperors of China as culture heroes, 19, 20.
England, soul beliefs in, 241.
Evolution, biological, ethnology and, 2.
Eye as Seat of Soul, 64.
Fig Tree of Life, 134 (see Sycamore and Tree of Life).
Fire and water, 159.
Fire-Balls, pearls and, produced by dragons, 57.
Fire, Chinese and Polynesian “fire nail” myths, 84;
dragons scared by, 85;
from trees, 162.
Fish as carrier of souls, 141 (see Makara).
Fish-forms of dragon in China and Japan, 76.
Fish-goddess, the Far Eastern, 333.
Fish scales, Pearls and jade and, 222.
Fish symbols in jade, 222.
Food offerings to dead, 132.
Food of the Dead, in Japanese Yomi, 340;
in Babylonian Hades, 340.
“Foreign devils”, British as, 31.
Fox, Ainu and, 330;
in Japan, 343.
Foxes, were-animals in China and Japan, 221.
Frog, Chinese goddess transforms woman into, 144;
Egyptian goddess as, 145;
in jade, 225;
in China and Egypt, 226.
Frogs, British compared to, 31.
Fruit of Life, Chinese and Japanese search for, 138.
Fu Hi, Nu Kwa as sister of, 277;
the Chinese Adam, 275.
Fu-lin, 218;
Chinese references to, 128.
Fung-shui, 234;
connection with Babylonia and Egypt, 234;
graves and, 235;
houses and towns and, 235;
the Trigrams, 275;
tiger and dragon controllers, 235;
Wind and Water doctrine, 228.
Fungus of Immortality, 107, 138, 146, 174;
in Chinese Isles of Blest, 111.
Ganges, the Celestial, Buddhists and, 126.
Garudas, as enemies of Nagas, 70;
Babylonian eagle god and, 70.
Gazelle, Ea-dragon and, 51;
Egyptian gods and, 52.
Gems, as fruit of Tree of Life, 165;
dragons fond of, 38. See also Jewels, Pearls, Stones.
“Genius of the Hills”, Chinese goddess called, 269.
Giant in Isle of Blest legend, 112.
Ginseng, in Korea, 334;
Spirit of, 335;
mandrake, 174 (see Mandrake).
Goat, blood of, as substitute for herb, 173;
Chinese Celestial, 184;
Japanese legend, 184;
as stones, 184;
Thunder-gods and, 183.
Goats, Goddess of herbs and, 183;
as avatars of goddess, 183.
[395]
Goddesses (see Mother Goddess).
Gold, as sun metal, 37;
Buddhist belief in, 126;
dragon’s connection with, 55;
earliest use of, 164;
eastward “rushes” for, 201;
Egyptian kings asked for, 198;
Goddesses of, 190;
religious value of, 191;
imitation shells in, 192;
copper regarded as variety of, 192;
goddess of, 313;
good metal in India, 38;
in Buddhist Paradise, 127;
in “Fung-shui” system, 236;
in Indian medicine, 215;
vital principle in, 215;
jade used like, 214;
lapis-lazuli and, 219;
Mother Goddess and, 157;
Siberian, 202;
Syrian goddess and, 217;
Tree of Life and, 116;
why early people searched for, 42, 189;
yellow, blue, red, white, and black in China, 38;
see Metal Symbolism.
Golden Hills of Peking, 236.
Golden Well Cave, 55.
Golden Well Spring, 55.
Grass of Immortality, 116.
Grave pools, Chinese, 228.
“Great Bear” constellation, as father of Chinese Emperor, 277;
as Chinese controller, 231;
Chinese deities of, 233;
Emperor Yu and, 282;
Five elements controlled by, 233.
Great Mother, various forms of, 157.
Great Wall, 291.
Greece, metal symbolism of, 37.
Green water, Osiris as, 9 (see Colour Symbolism).
Han Dynasty, 292.
Hare, Indian legend of the lunar, 146;
in Ohonamochi myth, 373;
of moon, 144.
Hares, Ainu mountain deities, 330.
Hea Dynasty, 281.
Heart, protected by scarab, 223;
tongue connection with, 222;
as mind in Egypt, 222.
Hebrews, religious literature of, 15.
Herbalists, Chinese culture heroes as, 20.
Herbs, the “huchu”, 177;
and stones, 186;
and swords, 100;
as life-givers, 172;
goat and, 173;
of Life, 158.
Hiruko, as god of fishermen in Japan, 352;
as sun god, 351.
Hirume, Japanese sun-female, 352.
Horse, in Japanese rain ceremonies, 355.
Horus, crossing the sea, 53;
gazelle and, 51;
antelope and, 53;
Hephaistos and, 122;
Osiris and, 9.
Ho Sien Ku, Chinese Artemis, 171.
Human sacrifices, 290.
Hwang-Ti, Chinese Emperor and god, 277.
Iliad, The, Bird and serpent myth in, 71.
Incense, beliefs connected with, 142.
India, Babylonian legend in, 100;
birds carry souls in, 128;
Brahmanic doctrines and Taoism, 303;
Ganges as river of life, 121;
Chinese and Brahmanic ascetics, 320;
Chinese belief in transmigration, from, 240;
Chinese First Age perfect as in, 276;
Taoism and doctrines of, 276;
Cosmic Egg in, 348;
Egyptian furnace in, 208;
Egyptian myths in, 74;
Emperor Yu and Indra, 284;
Garudas and Babylonian eagle god, 70;
goat of fire god of, 183;
Indra and Chinese Pʼan Ku, 262;
Indra and Chinese Eastern Dragon, 238, 239;
Indra and Chinese Shang-ti, 272;
Indra and Susa-no-wo of Japan, 363;
Indra as man in the moon, 146;
influence of, in Southern China, 21, 22;
Japanese dragons and the Nagas, 344;
Karna and Chinese Wu, 288;
Karna born from mother’s ear, 300;
Karna myth in Japan, 351;
Karna story and Japanese, 156;
long voyage by mariners of, 34;
metal symbolism in Creation Myth, 38;
metal symbolism of, 37, 38;
Milky Way as source of Ganges, 111;
Mount Meru as “world spine”, 137;
Mungoose displaces Secretary Bird in, 73, 74;
Chinese dragons and the Nagas, 69;
Phœnician colonies in, 30;
Purusha myth and Chinese Pʼan Ku, 265;
Tama and Japanese Yomi, 357.
Indonesia, Japanese wani and, 355. [396]
Indra, as man in the moon, 146.
Iranians, as mediators between West and East, 294.
Ireland, apple-land Paradise, 124;
calling back souls in, 241;
salmon as dragon in, 77;
star myth of, and Chinese, 281, 282.
Isanagi, jewels of, were “Kami”, 343.
Ise, 386;
Japanese Mecca, 338;
Goddesses of, 339.
Islands of the Blest, Far Eastern legends of, 106;
origin of conception of, 108;
Chinese sage reaches, 148;
Egyptian, 135;
Herbs, Trees, and Wells of Life in, 107 (see Dragon Island and Red Island);
Scottish legend, 129;
cult of East and, 210;
Dragon Isle of Delos, 122;
ginseng (mandrake) on, 174;
gold, jade, pearls, &c., in, 111;
Fungus of Immortality in, 111;
jade in, 215;
Japanese legends of Horaizan, 116;
search for, promotes exploration, 119;
shipping and, 293;
Syria, Atlantis, and Fortunate Isles, 123;
Hebrides and Ireland, 123;
Gaelic Apple-land, 123;
Gaelic floating and vanishing island, 125;
see Paradise and Underworld.
Ivy, Chinese goddess and, 270.
Izanagi, creation of islands and deities by, 352;
in Hades, 357;
Japanese deity, 349.
Izanami, creation of islands and deities by, 352;
Japanese deity, 349;
visit to and flight from Hades, 357.
Jade, as “Light shining at night,” 218;
Babylonia imported, from Chinese Turkestan, 202;
Babylonian nig-gil-ma and, 245;
birth assisted by, 243;
diseases cured by, 243;
Mother Goddess and, 157, 221, 243, 244;
brook of, 216;
juice of, 216;
grease of, 216;
butterflies in, 225;
Chinese and Babylonian jade links, 202;
Chinese Mother Goddess creates, 152;
Chinese symbolism of, 208;
Chou and Han jades indigenous, 212;
cicada amulets of, 222;
coffins of, 226;
colours of, 234;
connections of, with Cardinal Points, 234;
shapes of, 234;
complex symbolism of, 246, 254–5;
supplants boat in Chinese Deluge myth, 247;
connection of, with cows, copper, water, &c., 227;
earliest use of, in China, 211, and also note 1;
mirrors of, 211, and also note 1;
“Fire jade”, 220;
ground jade swallowed, 243;
immortality ensured by, 243;
spirit of, in all life, 244;
fish scales and, 222;
fish symbols in, 222;
Frog or Toad amulet, 225;
scarab-like amulets in, 226;
fish forms in, 226;
gold, cowries, and, 214;
mouth of dead stuffed with, 214;
“Great Bear” and, 232;
soul as pivot of, 232;
in “Fung-shui” system, 236;
tiger-jade and war, 236;
in Japan, 343;
in rain-getting ceremonies, 253;
introduced with bronze into Europe, 201;
Japanese beliefs regarding, of Chinese origin, 220;
lunar attributes of, 218;
nocturnal luminosity of, 216;
no necklaces of, in China, 338;
origin of symbolism of, 206, 207;
pearls and, 157;
promotes longevity, 216;
rhinoceros horn and, 247–9;
warm and cold, 249, 254;
rush pattern on, 85, and also note 3;
symbolism of, 165;
symbolism of, and pearl symbolism, 212;
used instead of embalming, 223;
why swallowed, 216;
why sought in Europe, 251, 252;
Spanish name of, 253;
colour symbolism of, 253.
“Jade Mountain”, 139;
in Chinese Paradise, 137.
Jade River of Peking, 236.
Japan, archæology of, 325;
Ainu and Koro-pok-guru, 326;
Chinese name applied to, 360;
dragon-pearl peak of, 39;
dragons of, 47;
early searchers for wealth in, 333;
Egyptian ships in, 33;
Empress Jingo and pearls of ebb and flood, 40;
history and mythology of, 324;
races of, 324;
names of, 333, and also note 3; 352.
“Jewel that grants all Desires”, 73, 129;
in India, China, and Japan, 39;
fish eye as, 218.
[397]
Jewels as “Kami” in Japan, 343.
“Jewels of Flood and Ebb”, 40.
Jingo, Japanese Empress, 40, 385.
Jokwa, 345;
as Mother Goddess, 152.
Junks, Burmese and Chinese, and Egyptian ships, 29, 32;
origin of, 24.
Kami, the evil, 343;
the Japanese, 341.
Kasenko, Japanese Artemis, 171.
Khotan, as trading centre, 202.
Kian Yuan, Chinese goddess, 270.
“Kingdom under the Sea”, 95;
Kusanagi sword legend and, 101.
Kings, Mythical Chinese, 277.
Ko-ji-ki, the, Japanese sacred book, 347.
Korea, Empress Jingo and, 40;
ginseng (mandrake) cultivated in, 334;
ideas regarding soul in, 241;
Japanese and, 20;
Chinese overrun, 21;
the dolmen in, 325.
Koryaks, Egyptian boats of, 32.
Kuda-tama, “tube-shaped” beads, 337 (see Tama).
Kufas, Chinese and Mesopotamian, 25.
Kurgans as culture centres, 200.
Kusanagi sword, 382;
of Japan, 101.
Kwang Tze, Taoist teacher, 302.
Kwan-yin, goddess of mercy, 271;
as mother and child giver, 271;
as war goddess, 272.
Lake of Life, the Indian, 126.
“Language of Birds”, in dragon lore, 73;
in Egyptian dragon-slaying myth, 77;
in northern myths, 77.
Lao Tze, founder of Taoism, 299;
Osiris, Julius Cæsar, &c., and, 299, 300.
Lapis-lazuli, as “essence of gold”, 219.
Leech-child, deity called, 351.
Lightning as “Fire of Life”, 160.
Literature, Chinese god of, 233.
Loki, Susa-no-wo and, 364.
Lotus, Far Eastern goddess’s flower, 171;
Egyptian Hathor as, 172;
the Cosmic, 303.
Maga-tama, “comma-shaped” beads, 337 (see Tama);
curved jewels, children created from, 366;
in Amaterâsu cave-myth, 368.
Makara, dragon as, 150;
elephant-headed dolphin as, 203;
eye of a gem, 218;
gold and mercury and, 215;
Babylonian sea-goat and, 215;
gold and pearls and, 215.
Malachite, as offering to dead, 37 (see Metal Symbolism).
Manchu Dynasty, 292.
Mandrake, as life plant, 246;
colours and shapes of, 174;
cultivated in Korea, 334;
Korean spirit of, 335;
cypress tree and, 167;
dog and, 168;
apple tree and, 168;
jade and, 216;
lotus, pomegranate, and, 172;
ginseng as, 174;
Shakespeare’s references to, 168, and also note 1;
see Plant of Life.
“Man in the moon”, 146.
Mariners, ancient, 13;
as culture-carriers, 35;
motives for activities of, 36;
Chinese, 24;
in Korea and Japan, 25;
Crete reached by, 28;
early activities of, 27;
Egyptian voyages, 30;
Sumeria’s first seaport, 30;
motives for voyages of, 45;
pearl-lore and, 41;
Phœnicians as traders, 30;
sea gods of, 50;
Sumeria reached by, 31;
the Polynesian, 33;
long voyages of, 33–5, 36;
wanderings of, 44;
see Ships.
Maya gem symbolism, 336.
Mead in moon, 145.
Medicinal plants, 158 (see Tree of Life).
Melanesia, Fish-god of, and dragon, 68.
Melusina legend, in Chinese dragon-lore, 87, 88, 97 (see Pearl Princess).
Mercury, in Elixir of Life, 38;
in Indian medicine, 215.
Mercy, goddess of, 271.
Mermaids, as providers of herb cures, 85.
Metals, search for, spreads civilization, 199 (see Mariners and Ships).
Metal Symbolism, 37;
Chinese associated copper with death and darkness, 39;
iron dreaded by dragons, 38, 39;
Greek, Indian, Chinese, [398]37, 38;
in Chinese dragon-lore, 38;
in Indian creation myth, 38;
Indian colour symbolism and, 38;
malachite and silver as offerings to Egyptian dead, 37;
Chinese alchemists’ “liquor of immortality”, 38;
why gold was sought, 42;
see Copper, Gold, Iron, and Silver.
Mikado, as Osiris and Horus, 386;
Paradise of, 341;
like Pharaohs of Egypt, 341;
as an Osiris, 339.
Mikados, descent of, from deities, 378;
the ancient, 378.
Milk, Egyptian goddesses suckle souls, 133;
from cockle-shells in Japanese myth, 374;
from cockle-shells in Scotland, 374, and also note 4;
motherless children in Tibetan myth, 261;
offered to dead in Scotland, 133;
in Egyptian Paradise 133;
Sea of, 111, 112.
Milk goddesses, Chinese tigress and European and Egyptian forms of, 237;
vultures with breasts in Egyptian myth, 238;
Egyptian cow-goddess, 238 (see Mother Goddess).
Milky Way, as source of Chinese, Egyptian, and Indian rivers, 110, 111;
Celestial River of, 148;
Chinese sage reaches, 144;
holy woman reaches, 149;
Island of Blest in, 106;
souls in, 319;
Spinning Maiden of, 147.
Ming Dynasty, 292.
Mirror, 369;
in Amaterâsu cave myth, 369
(see Obsidian).
Mistletoe, as plant of life, 100;
in Asia, 176;
sacred to Ainu, 330;
see Plant of Life.
Mongol Dynasty, 292.
Moon, as “Pearl of Heaven”, 44;
as source of dew and nectar, 157;
as source of life, 150;
bamboo and, 150;
Chinese woman in, 144;
jade, pearls, mandrake, &c., shine like, 216;
Man in the, 146;
Indra in, 146;
dog in, 147;
metals of, 219;
Mother Goddess and, 146;
night-shining stones and herbs and, 186;
pearls and, 218;
as pearl, 64, 157;
silver as metal of, 37;
as source of Water of Life, 183;
Tree of, 145;
vapour from, causes pregnancy, 286;
yellow dragon and, 149.