Roṭel, in Arab. to weigh, is in Kab. lend or borrow.

Ehanat-ayi, sunt mihi? (fem. pl.?)

Ehan-kay, sunt tibi (masc. pl.?)

Isirdalen, may be pl. “loans.”

153. His debt is large, amárwas enís ĕgēn.

I have a trade debt with you (I am in debt to you), nek ehánătay amárwas innek.

Return me what I have lent you, sokelāhi awāhak ismarwásagh. [Redde mihi quod tibi commodavi.]

Amarwas, a debt, is also Kab., for I find it in Luke, vii. 41., though not in Brosselard. Ismarwas, he lent (a thing).

154. I begin, sheshwāragh.

—— asíntagh.

I have begun copying the book, asíntagh asăkal el kitáb.

He begins an harangue, ísint méggered.

Ishashwar, frequentative; from Kab. izwar. So ishwar, 85.

Isint, he begins (not Kab.), strangely like in sound to isimda, he ended. Since the latter is causative (from imḍa, imĕda), isint may denote a root int, cœptum est. Compare indi, not yet; end (in composition), next; in Kab. neṭ or neḍ, alter. In Ben Músa’s Temght, nedin, next to me.

155. I finish, end, simdegh.

He has finished reading the Kurán, isimde (or yirtem) el Kurán.

(And) celebrates the day, ashel egel elyulímat. (Arab. walīmat, epulum.)

My salutes to you for having finished the reading of the Kurán, ulímĕtun ujíbĕtun.

It is finished, yímmĕder [yimĕda].

Imḍa, see 91.

Yirtem, he completed? (Arab. confregit)

Egel = aril, noon? (Aghel may be the true spelling.)

156. Repeat, ólis ádak [adagh] sōril.

Repeat this verse, ólis aghas (or smālis aghas) téghărēn.

Until you know it by heart, har tílmĕdak [tílmĕdat?]

Oril = Ar. aḳl, intellect? So we have arēl, he thinks (223.), for ʿaqal. Adak = adagh, this.

Olis means “repeat thou.” So in Prod. Son, nolis, we have repeated; tulis, (adverbially) again.

Smālis and aghas need fuller explanation.

157. I fasten, ékanagh.

Are the camels picketed, or not? immĕnās ikerāfen, mer war ikerāfen? (43.)

Shall I tie the horse or loosen (him)? agiagh aïs, mer aregh? [Shall I do the horse, or undo him?]

Let him eat that fine herbage, áyit adíkshe téshe tindegh tahōsket.

Set (ye) the horses free, símbarit íyesan.

I set free, asímbaragh.

Igan, Kab., he tied, fastened.

Agiagh is pres. or fut. of iga, 39.

Irra means “to shut” in Kab., but “to loosen and open” in Temght. Two verbs seem to be confused, namely, Ghad. efer, shut thou, Temght, eher, which represents Kab. err, related perhaps to Shilha iwerri, he returned (w is the r of Ghádamsi?), Kab. irra, he brought back, came back: but Ghad. er, loosen thou, which is Temght ar or ur; connected perhaps with eheru, egheru, loose. See 63.

Teshe = Kab. teje, grass, &c.

Isímbara, he set free. See 54.

158. Shut the door, sókel tefálwat.

Open the door, arīd tefálwat.

I open the door, ūregh tefálwat.

I cover, ushikámbashagh.

Tefálwat = tafurt of Ghad. = tawurt of Kab.

Sokel, i.e. turn the door; as in Kab. err turn, for shut. It is strangely like Arab. sekker el bāb.

159. Lock ye up, agfeltet.

I lock up, agfeltagh.

I knock at the door, edágakagh tefálwat.

Agfelt seems to be a corruption of Arabic ḳofl, a lock. The final t is anomalous.

Daḳak is Hebrew and Arab. daḳaḳ.

160. I put on [change?] my shirt, insákalagh rishabāni.

I reverse my shirt, abiregwalegh rishabāni.

I gird my loins, ehereldegh bessa; egebessagh.

Ireled, he girded. Aralād, a circuit fence (a girding). In Kab. aghalād, a city wall. A simpler root is iralay; see 136.

Ehe- and ege- mark present tense, as aï of Kab. In fact we have ahi in 166.

Bessa, waist? Kab. ames, middle. See amos, 143.

161. I put on fine clothes, elāsagh temálsătēn ihōskătnēn.

The Tawárek everywhere, in their encampments (tentoria sua) put on their worst clothing, Imōshagh kodihén ehánan nissen sassáharen áshelróhĕra annĕsen.

I assume all my weapons, isdawagh tazólinin ikétenes.

Elis clothing (of gun); isilse, man’s dress; ilās, he dressed himself, put on; temalsat, garment. This root is also Kab., where it is apt to be confused with other roots,—illes, he touched; illes, he sheared sheep; which I have not found in Barth. “A fleece” combines the ideas of shearing and clothing.

Ihōskatnēn is fem. pl. from ihōsken (a participial form), handsome.

Isdau, he collected, from idau, it was collected: whence tidauen, they congregate; amīdi, a friend. In Kab. this root is replaced by idukkel, whence also amdukkel, a friend; isdukkel, he collected.

Tazōli, iron, weapon; from Kab. wezzāl, iron. Root, gzl, to cut, &c.

162. I sling on my sword, shélăgagh takobāni.

I (we?) lay down arms, nekes tazólinin. (98.)

I undress, nekes rishabāni. (We take off my shirt?)

Ishelag, he put over the left shoulder? Teshilge, the left.

163. I wash, sáradagh.

Washed (not new), arīd.

[It is washed, ired.]

I wash my face, rádebagh ídemín.

I wash my hands, rássemagh ifassin.

I wring out the water from my shirt, zymmogh rishabāni.

Ired, sired, are also Kab.

Irādeb, he bathes with the hand?

Irāsem, he besprinkles? pours upon? Kab. has ireshshu for this; but so Barth, reshresh, rain-drops.

164. I dry my shirt, básăragh rishabāni.

My shirt is not yet dried, rishabāni indi tibsărit.

I hang in the air, nekes orĕkagh ígetan har tejmat innikkāl, or abelánbak [I hang (it) flying, until the moisture comes out?].

Ibsar, he dried, or was dry?

Tibsarit seems to have Arab fem. termination? (ikiu in Kab.)

Nek esoregagh? I hang up?

Igetan, poles? igeṭan, flying.

Tejmat = tegmat, with Arab. fem. termination. See igem, 138. 118.

Innikkāl, abelánbak, moisture?

165. I cover, ushikámbashagh. (See 158.)

Shave my head, sarsāhi eraf in [eghaf ini].

I shave (myself?), erarsegh.

I clean, tekárkăragh.

Clean this, aferit den, amīs.

I look into the glass, sággehagh awánin der tísit.

Sars, shave thou; ars, be thou shaved?

Ikárkar, be cleansed?

166. I mend, nekānagh (nek ganagh? 157.).

I will go to the blacksmith, irhēgh tíkaut-n-ēnhad (volo profectionem fabri?)

That he may mend what is spoiled in my gun, ahíyeken away íkhsheden dagh el barūdin.

Ēnhad, compare Arabic hhadīd iron.

Away ikhsheden, τὸ φθαρὲν, article and participle. Ikhshed, it is spoiled, nemakhshad, wasteful, in “Prodigal Son.”

167. I cook, boil, esangnegh.

Well boiled, ripe, yignān.

Not sufficiently done, ur ignān.

Boil water for me, íksahe áman.

I broil, nek ekánafagh.

Roasted meat, ísan nékănaf.

Ingne, it is cooked, fem. tingne, partic. ignān. Perhaps the true spelling then is igne, and causative isagne. In Sídi Ibrahím (Shilha) I find isenu, he cooked.

Iks, boil thou. Compare ekōs, hot; akūs, a dish. Also 98.

Iknef is also Kab.

Isan = aisūm = aksum, meat.

168. Make a fire, awet éfeü.

I make a fire, awetagh éfeü.

I kindle the fire, sáhedagh éfeü, akenásseragh éfeü.

Kindle the fire, sóhad éfeü.

Awet, make, build, arrange. In Shilha, yegat, he placed.

Sóhad, stir thou?

Akenassaragh is a compound verb, from ken, make, and iseragh, he burnt, which is shortened to iserr in Barth. See 170.

169. That it may not go out, war etémmekatit.

I put out the fire, nek ismákket éfeü.

The fire is going out, éfeü tísmăket; éfeü war ikenásmăket; ákkenes asísmăken éfeü.

The fire has gone out, éfeü temmūt.

The fire revives, éfeü helígle.

Imekat, it is extinguished?

Ismakket, he extinguishes?

Ikenasmăket, compounded with ken, make.

Asísmaken has no final radical t.

Helígle = ahiligle, present tense, from iligle, it revived?

170. Light the candle for me, sokāhi téfetelt.

I light the candle, sekōgh téfetelt.

I burn, nek nesérragh.

You have burnt your shirt, ke teserret rishāb innek.

Esōkegh, I send, in 101. Yet here sok, light thou, and sekōgh.

Iserra, or iserragh, is causative, from irrar or iragh, it was burnt; Kab. iragh, ihhragh, identical with Arab. hharak.

Neserragh, nirzagh, with n superfluous, is an anomaly not rare in Barth, apparently from the perplexity introduced from Arabic, where n initial vacillates in sense between 1st pers. sing. and 1st pers. plural.

171. I break, destroy, nek nirzagh, nek edíggidagh.

Broken, irzar [irza?].

Idiggid, he smashed! See Dagak in 159.

172. I throw, nek asánahel.

I threw it on the ground, and crushed it with my foot, satárakegh dar akal adarábăragh.

Asanahel and esnámehel of 147., have something in common.

Isaṭarak, see 71.

Erāber, (the horse) kicks, 216.

Irbar, (the river horse) upset (the boat),—qu. stamped on? crushed? Then ad marks subjunctive, and adarábăragh = (ut) confringam.

173. I cut, nek nékkĕtas.

Mince the meat for me, akelisāhi ísan.

I cut a pen, ekárădagh.

—— tekárkăragh (but 165.).

I slit a pen, shoféfaragh ēm aránibin; suttékĕragh [I scrape?]

Catch thou (what is thrown), ekbel.

I catch, ekbēlagh. [Ar. Receive, as in 78.]

Ekkĕtas, cut (189.); ikarad, he cut (a pen?). Heb. karat.

Em, the mouth (nib?).

174. I fill with water, atkăragh s’ áman.

You have filled this cup, tétkărat terērt.

Till it runs over, har titfak.

I pour it out, nek esáttĕfit.

I empty, esíngălagh [esingh-].

Itkar = Kab. ichchur.

Titfak = titfagh? Yet for iffagh (it came out, Kab.) we had ifay, 141. Also efōket, fem. tefōket, present tense (207.), it comes forth. Below, titfar, (the boat) leaks; where r shows gh to be the true spelling, as in Kab. See Ásfĕken, 126.

Esáttefit, see 209.

Isingal, read isinghal, causative, from inghel, it gushed. Sangralagh should be sanghalagh.

175. I upset it, subumbéägh-at. (44.)

I scoop water, elkawagh áman.

I draw, nek tesheresherawen aran. (63.)

I water the garden, sáswagh eshíkkărash; sángralagh áman der eshíkkărash. (186.)

I give to drink, esiswēgh.

Give the horse to drink, sissu aïs se beléas.

Elkau (Kab. elḳay, deep; hence telak, deep channel; telkayat, (the boat) founders. But this root is probably different.

176. I go to fetch water, eshárrăgagh áman.

The water-carriers, imshárrŏgen.

Let us pitch the tent, nektar. (?)

I pitch the tent, nek takanegh ehan. [I fasten or fix? 157.]

I drive in the pegs, tetaităyagh.

Isharrag, see 63.

Itaitay, he drove in pegs; he pricked (as a scorpion).

177. I draw the ends of the leather covering of the tent, tareréägh tísĕdas.

I draw the ropes of the tent, tareréäs eréwiyen éhen (he tightens to it?).

I spread the carpet in the tent, nek fātagh der éhen: úwetagh tisíftak.

Oreä (root?), tighten; oreäs, strangle him; oreäghas, I strangle him; tarereägh, (frequent) I tighten.

Ifta, he spread; corrupt Arabic, from fatahh. In tisíftak the lost ح reappears as final k. Ifter, mat, for iftahh, and tesuftakht, carpet, in 226, 227.

Úwetagh, I arrange; see 168.

178. I hang up the dishes, nek sélik íkesan.

—— the waterskin, the saddle, edid, elakĭf.

I take down the tent, bassëagh éhen.

Take down your tents, ébsiet ehennanawen.

These slaves work hard, íkĕlan idagh arelēnan egēn [aghelēnan].

Work (subst.), árălay [ághălay].

Sélik, for seliḳgh? Sídi Ibrahím (in Shilha) uses Arabic ʿalliḳ for “hang up:” hence, perhaps, seliḳ as a causative.

Ebsĭ, ebsih, take down? Another verb is besay, vomit.

Arălay, work; arelēnan, they work. Nek áralūn, I sow (a field), seems to be aghalun; root, aghalay. But iralay, he surrounded, 136.

179. I dress (?) a goat, agerassăragh tāghat.

I draw back his neck, semelwagh-as.

I cut his throat, agerássagh-as.

I skin him, óshegh-at.

Igharsa, he cut the throat (Shilha); agharās, or emgharās, a butcher, Ghad. But Venture gives aghzār for butcher, which points out a relation to Arab. jezzār. Observe that agharās is “a road” in Delaporte’s Kab. and Ibrahím’s Shilha. [I suspect that agerássaragh should be agherásagh-ak, I butcher for thee.]

Semelluagh would seem related to emelëagh, I castrate (120.), if the sense agreed better.

Oshe, skin thou, is for oze; in Kab. uz or azu.

180. I shear a fleece, nek téliak télsak.

I pluck the bird, rákabagh tiságădēn. [I tear off the feathers.] (144.)

He wrested it from me, irkáb deri.

I peel the fruit, tekedímmegh.

I pasture the camels, dānagh immĕnás.

Teliagh, I cut (corn, rice); alihet, cut ye, yield; alihe, cut, shear?

Teságăden, from igeḍ, he flew; agadīd, bird. In Kab. ighetāṭ, birds.

Ikedim, he picked?

Idan, pascit or pastus est; hence, amădān, a shepherd; Kab. amaksa.

181. I milk the cow, azīkagh tēs.

Milk thou, azīk.

Has (this) cow been milked, or not? tēs tezak, mer war tezak?

I shake the milk (for making it sour), autíshagh netíshnit eshāhi akh.

Azīk is zeg or zegh in Kab.

182. I make ropes, nek attálemagh.

Hold me the rope, sennikfāhi.

The Tawárek are very clever in making good ropes of leather, Imōshagh adíbăbén dar érŏnan.

Those ropes—from (the bark of) what tree do they make them? eréwiyen wādagh innagh éhishkan wuí téllĕnin (or, wuí dígmăden).

I weave woollen blankets, zātagh tibbergentin.

Which understand weaving better—the Fullán or the Songhay? endekway ísan [endegh way isan] tézi tehōsken, jer Afūlan ped (?) Éhatan? or, emállĕten wuín Éhatan du wuín Fūlan megeressen yúfa tézetí?

All of them know good weaving esanántet iketenéssen tézit tehōsken.

Yellim, he spun, Vent.; Ar. lemm, glomeravit. Presently, for tellĕnin read tellĕmin, they twine?

Sennikf; root nikf? or ikfa?

Aran, leather-rope; pl. erŏnan (vocab.).

Erewi, a (hempen) rope; so Kab.

Izat, he weaves; tezit, weaving. In Kab. zeṭ, weave thou.

Way-isan, who knew.

Emálleten, the cloths? the garments? the tissues?

Wui-n-Ehatan, &c.

Du, and?

Me-ger-assen, which betwixt them; i.e. which of the two?

Yufa, surpasses, excels.

Esanantet must be fem. pl. from isan, he knew.

183. The women pluck the cotton, tídĕdēn ítafash fásĕnit, or, ítafash tíkurukarēn.

Itafashfas, he plucked (cotton).

Tikurukarēn, cottons; sing. takerókerit, from -enit, 3rd pl. fem.

Ikarkar, he cleansed? See 164.

184. I spin thread, tarérayagh.

The women spin thread, tídĕdēn rerémat.

I weave cotton strips, ezātagh tabádokēn.

I sew, azamāyagh.

I cut out (a shirt), arăwagh.

I fold (a shirt), tédĕhagh.

I roll up, ekemíngkĕmégh.

Ireray, he spun. Rerēmat = Rerainat, fem. 3rd pl., as elsewhere.

Izamāy, he sews. In Barth’s vocabulary, ázamay; in Venture, tismi [tizmi?], a needle.

Irau, he cuts out. Ghad. ʿira, he shaved.

Ideh, he folded? But idā, he pounds, 188.

Ikemin(g)kem, he rolled up, must be frequentative, from ikemin?

185. I beat (a shirt), titĕbōgh.

I beat it well, until it becomes bright, tádĕshagh, har tékkĕne síggeniūgish.

I dye, sádalagh.

Dyeing, tesadālit. [Yet, tesădalt, an egg.]

I mend my shirt, tágagh tíkist dar rishabāni.

Itĕbu, he beat?

Idesh, he hammered.

Siggeniūgish, from siggĕni, indigo; ūgish, entrance? or from sig, aspect?

Tikist, a rent? (In Kab. a prick, sting.) Or, rather, it means a patch.

186. I work the ground, shekárashagh.

I make a fence to the field, egātagh áralād yeshikkérishín.

I saw, nek ʿaralūn [= aghalun.] (178.) [Nekegēgh alūn? H. B.]

I root up weed, tikŏmagh téshe.

Ishekarash, he tilled, shekarash, garden or field, are frequentative, from root karash; in Kab. karaz, to till, work the ground. It answers to حرث, χαράττω.

Yegāt, he placed (found in Shilha, Tale of Saby). Also, he made (a hedge, a pot). Tagāt, she laid (eggs).

Nek magēt, I what do?

War ged ādi, do not this.

Aghalūn, participle? [Alūn, corn?]

Ikom, he rooted up?

187. I plant a bush, adōmegh ehíshk.

I dig in a pole, esúktagh ájid.

I cut rice, téliagh táfakat. (180.)

Cut (ye) for me this, and put it for me in the boat, alihetāhi tetīd, tegimāhi tetīd der tóraft.

Idom, he plants. (Ar. dūm?)

Tegimāhi (39.), from iga. Two imperatives joined by and are expressed as if we said secate posuistis for secate et ponite.

188. I gather fruit, isírtăyagh (131.) árăten ehishkan.

I pound, edāhagh.

I pound rice, tifúkkogh táfăkat.

I winnow, kintihēgh or tesabirtit rĕgh-at.

Arăten (arata, a crocodile), read arăten-n-ehíshkan; or even arăden? In Kab. irden, (fruges), wheat.

Ehishk, a tree, is in De Slane’s Temght ishek. I think it is the Kab. ishīḳ, a branch; branch for bush.

Idah, he pounds? Arab. dakk.

Inkinteh, isabir, he winnowed?

189. I tie up the bundles of Guinea-corn, akitteléagh ashíkkerashín-n-enĕli [the fields of corn?].

I knead it, nek osáksăk-at. (145.)

It is not well kneaded, war tíkkĕne isūs.

Ikitteleh, “he sheaved?”

190. I hid, efāragh (abdidi, so Kab.); etwāragh (condidi? see 102.).

I cut wood, ektāsagh ígĕtan. (173.)

I split, esraurawēgh [ezr-, 136.].

I grind the knife on the stone, emsādagh absar is tahōnt.

I whet my knife, sátăragh ábsarin.

Whet for me, esterāhi.

Ígĕtan, sticks, poles.

Imsād, he grinds: also, sharp. It is from Kab. zed, grind thou; and, perhaps better written, imzād.

Tahōnt, tehūnt, rock (Temght).

191. I hammer, tádeshagh. (185.)

I saw, tezezawagh.

I chip, square planks, nek átĕki.

I dig a well, rāshagh ānu [gháshagh].

I build a well, nek ázăraf ānu.

—— a house, áwetagh tárashām.

—— a boat, áwetagh tōraft.

Izezau, he saws?

Irsha should be ighsha; in Kab. ighza, he dug.

Izăref, strictly, he built; but awet, arrange, &c., 168.

192. I sew a boat, azeméagh tōraft. (184.)

I repair a boat (by renewing the ropes along the junctions of the planks), asídagh dar ázamay.

I stop holes along the junctions of the planks in the boat, asídagh anăbay; stop the holes well, adegíndĭgi.

I scoop out the water, ákis áman, sunkel áman.

Isid, he closes?

Akis, take out? 98.

Sunkel, read sunghel, cause to spout, empty out; 174, 175.

193. I make pots, egātagh telikkan. (186.)

I measure, ekātagh erēlan. (150. 178.)

I weigh, tawézănagh. (Arab.)

I divide, nek ebdēkan.

We divide, nébbĕdud.

Ebdēkan is against analogy. On ibḍu see 137. Ibdud may be frequentative. But ebde, ebded of 41 are quite different, allied to Arabic.

194. I join, asírteagh (131.); nek asmokkasákkănet [comp. of mōkas (occurro) and ken (facio)?]

I press the limbs (to give them relief), shampoo, rábăzagh.

I anoint, ashawagh; shágeagh.

I fan, awilíngwălēgh; azúmmegh-at.

195. It is wonderful, tejūjab (Arab. ʿajeb) takónit. (38.)

Thou must go to Gúndam, ahūshel ke ehe temeshālit is Gundam.

It is worthy, anímmehel dirs.

Straight on, sinnémĕhel.

This is worthless, wādagh anímmehel ahastauyet yewulāghen.

Ahūshel, it is necessary? ke, thou; ehe temeshālit, shouldest travel? (verb imeshal?).

Animmehel dirs, (there is) an aim in it, an object in it? See 147. Issimahal, it is worthy (Parable of “Prodigal Son”).

196. Our provisions are gone, ezzud ímmende. (91.)

The money is spent, éhĕri ímmĕhesh.

That is lost, wādagh aba.

That is its character, immek ídagh áfal íkĕne.

Wadagh aba, read wadagh abad? In “Prodigal Son” we have first abad for “was lost” (which is Hebrew, not Arabic), and next abat, in same sense; verses 24 and 32.

197. It pains (me), ikmāhi; uzerāhi.

It itches, ehāhi ókŭmash. [There is to me an itching.]

It is swollen, eray; ekāf tasánnist.

This smells nice, wādagh ada yehōsken. [Adunn, smell?]

This meat smells bad, ísan wādagh insāgak [insāragh]; ísan wādagh adunnis irkē.