Okŭmash = ekmez, rub, scratch, Kab.
Adunn, corrupt Arabic.
Irkē, dirty? So Venture. In Brosselard, irka, it is decayed. In “Prodigal Son,” egēgh irk, I have done evil.
Innek, is bright? is clean?
198. The meat is well boiled, ísan ingnē. (167.)
The loaf is mouldy, tágelet tebúnkat.
The shirt is torn, rishāba anzarrawet (211.); rishāba karrawet.
The iron is rusty, tazōli war te tennēk.
—— makes sparks, tikkĕne teshōri.
—— hisses, ishirarákrak, ishibarákrak.
199. —— is red-hot, tazōli tūwas.
—— is melting, tazōli timshelárlag.
—— hisses in the water, tazōli ísan afdar fáddar dar áman.
The waterskin leaks, edīd esínge; edīd itadēm.
—— is torn, edīd erarrawet.
—— has a hole, edīd imbek.
Esinge (rewritten from faint pencil marks), qu. isinghel? 174.
Yadim, it leaked?
Imbek, it is pierced?
200. The house lets in the rain, tarashām teshínke.
This well never dries up, ānu wādagh aigin kalá war itōgar [or, war ikōr).
It is always full of water, har kūk hant áman.
The water soaks in, áman inses.
The pond has dried up, tibengrawēn inshéshnet.
Ishinke, it admits water?
Aigin kalá, at every time.
Iḳor, Kab. it was dry. The ḳ is liable to become gh.
Har kūk, usque ad æternum?
Hant, there are; fem. pl.?
Inses, is drunk up?
Tibengrawēn, the tanks? fem. pl.
Inshésnet is 3rd fem. pl.
201. The road divides, abárraka tabarrat tíbbeda.
One branch going to the left and another to the right, alílen íyet fel arīn wa-n-arīl, íyet telaudat teshelgēn.
Abarraka, road. Tabarrat for tabarrakt appears a diminutive for the same.
Alílen, following, 105.
Iyet, alter, as Kab., yeḍ in Shilha. It is Arab. ايض. [Here it would seem fem. of iyen.]
Arīn seems to be plural. Afterwards we have arē in like connection. Er is “branch” of a river. Also seri idemennis seems to mean “towards his face.” I interpret arē or erei, direction. (Also eri, neck.)
Arīl, right, is also the “noon” (of day), = “upright.” Since in Kab. afūs ayyafūs or awiffūs is the “right hand,” I conjecture that arīl, right, is the same word as Kab. aghel, arm. See 228.
Telaudat? telilat? or telilant?.
202. The sun rises, tafōk tíggemāt (118.); tafōk berber desīn enis.
—— has mounted the heavens, tafōk taségĕde ishínnawen.
(—— has begun to decline, tafōk tezíwal. Arab.)
—— is about to set, tafōk tabōk égĕdel.
—— has set, tafōk tōdal.
Desin (edis, side).
Del, to stoop? Ahedal, is humble; but ḍel, to cover, darken?
203. The year is fertile, áwatay íkkĕnátĕnī.
—— is sterile, áwatay igamánna.
Ikkenátĕni, from iken, it makes; téheni, dates? tenī, dates, Mozabi and Wadreagh. Also ofātĕni, barren (land). [Ikkena is productive; tĕnī, this season?—H. B.]
Igamanna, barren, and emannet, fertile, and manna-n-áwatay, famine-year, need fuller elucidation.
204. The rainy season is come, ákase yūse.
—— is gone, ákase ígĕle, or yímmĕde.
The cold increases, asemmēṭ étid.
—— is strong, asemmēṭ íkkĕne tigawet.
—— lessens, asemmēṭ efenās. (94.)
—— is over, asemmēṭ ébĕgbag.
Tigawet for tiḳuaet, strength; Arab.?
205. The (forty) dark nights are passed, éhaden isáttefen, or esáttafnén, ebarbar, or ejumádĕde.
The black winter is gone, tágerist takaúelit tabárbar.
The white (i.e. mild part of the) winter is come, tégisht taméllelt tágerist.
Ehaḍ, night; Ghad. efad; Wadreagh, eghed (compare Arab. ghea, obtexit); Kab. eyyaṭ.
Asaṭṭef, (with t in Ben Músa), black (or dark?).
Akauel, black, is aghogul in Wadreagh, for which Venture has inghāl.
Ejumádade, freq. from imeda?
Tegisht, as tiggemāt in 202. &c., seems to have final t as feminine mark, like Arabic.
206. The leaves are fallen, ālan atarākat (71.), ālan āmin.
The boughs are stript, afélliga ákăsen.
The tree is getting new leaves, aheláklak ehíshk.
—— blooms, ehíshk ínshar.
—— is bearing fruit, ehíshk aboriārak.
—— is not full grown, ehíshk war idūil.
—— is dead, ehíshk akkōr [is dried].
Āmi, is faded?
Iláklak, budded forth?
Inshar, is beautiful? Inshagh? compare amonshagh, envious, &c., 116.
Idūil, (not again). In Kab. itulan or idhūlan, kinsfolk, softened from iṭegulan, as I think.
207. The dates are ripe, téhĕni tingne. (167.)
—— not yet ripe, téhĕni har egōdi war tingne.
The herbage is coming forth, tēshe ebarbar or tafōkat [tafōghat, 174.].
The guinea-corn comes forth, énĕli efōkat.
The guinea-corn gets reed, énĕli ena kógĕri.
The reed (stalk) bristles (in stubble), kógĕri yikhtā.
208. The corn is making large leaves, énĕli éje fárkĕtēn.
The guinea-corn is ripe for harvest, énĕli itáfărat (efĕrat).
The herbage is drying up, tēshe takkōr [taggōr].
The ear of the corn comes out, tíggemat tegēnt énĕli.
The ear is ripe, tegēnt tingná. (167.)
Efĕrat, yields harvest? In vocab. téferten, salary,—qu. revenue? Heb. פרא.
Tégĕnit, spike of corn (vocab.).
209. The river is rising, tédĕfit egish eghírrëu [flood enters the river?].
The water stagnates, áman íbdăden.
—— soaks in, esintátărār.
—— is sinking, áman abukiūrel.
The river is very full this year, étaf áman tenī.
It will not sink at all, war obakímbi.
The rivers are joining, eghírriwan imókasen or írtăyen. (102. 131.)
Tetĕfit, flood? swell? from etaf?
Abūki yurēl, is about to sink?
Obaki imghi, chooses to go down. See 50.
Etaf, it pours or runs freely (not the same as eṭaf, to seize, with ط): hence causative, isattef, he pours, 174. In Kab. for etaf we find effid, and also effi, the d being pronominal.
Tenī, this year, = tinēda. With tin compare Arab, sene, year.
210. Almost all the rivers run into the sea, eghírriwan rurret imókasen rōr eghírrëu wá symmed [meet at the salt river].
The boat is leaking, tōraft nákal [nághal]; tōraft tinral [tinghal]; or tinrálnarel [tinghálnaghel]; (see 174. 192., sunkel;) tóraft titfagh, (174.).
[The boat is foundering], tōraft telkăyat (175.); tōraft tibbenekway.
[92] The people who row (?) the boat get out (?), ídinet audetánnăret tōraft titfar [titfagh].
[92] The people perished, some swam in the water, ídinet abăten iyeden yeshaffen dar áman.
[92] Another rolls the boat sportively (?), íyaṭ ināfar tōraft sehūyam.
[92] The people who are (of the?) village, under the water deep (?), ídinet auéhan amăzagh dedu áman lagat.
[92] Those people lay goat-skins in the middle of the water which ... ídinen wuīn degen ídeden der mézen dor áman auay tímăntēn.
Wa symmed, the salt. I observe that wa retains the meaning of the before an adjective as well as before a participle, though it is lost with a substantive.
211. The boat is upset, tōraft tebumbay. (44.)
—— breaks asunder, tōraft takaurawen.
The boat ran on rocks, tōraft tikkeséast tahōnt.
And sunk, and remained on the ground, tursar, telkăyat, tekkel édir-n-áman [became under-of-the-water].
212. The water enters the tent, áman íggesh éhen.
This water stands still, is stagnant, áman wādagh ibbédăden.
It does not hasten much (has no current), war óshel hullen.
This river has a strong current, eghírrëu wādagh óshel hullen.
213. The water is boiling, áman imesharlárlărēn.
—— áman ereshaushauēn.
—— is not yet boiling, áman indi imesharlárlărēn.
—— is very hot, áman ekōs hullen.
Boil [heat] water for me, iksāhe áman.
Let it cool in the skin, éyit yesmat dér édid.
Isharlarlar, ishaushau? it boils or bubbles.
214. The bird flies, égĕdīd ígged.
The young bird will fly [wishes to fly], akirt abók tégad.
The bird sings nicely, égĕdīd elemísli yehōsken.
The hen cackles, tákĕshilt rar middennis.
—— lays eggs, tákĕshilt tagāt ésărek.
—— is screaming, tákĕshilt tegabătolt.
Kab. igṭaṭ, birds (sing. agadet, Hodgson: read agaṭeṭ); but in Brosselard, akṭeṭ, pl. ikṭaṭ, a little bird. We have here the root igeṭ, it flew, it sprang aloft, 47. 70.; whence iseggeṭ, it mounted (202. 216.), and tesaggaṭ, a feather.
Elemisli may seem a derivative or compound from isla, he heard, amisli, a voice.
Tákĕshilt, a hen; elsewhere, takĕshīt, which seems more correct, as it is the feminine form of ákes, the cock, which again perhaps is more correctly akez, the z in Temght changing to sh. In Kab. the forms are ayaziṭ, a cock, tayazīt or thayazit, a hen; for aghazīṭ, thaghazīṭ, it seems. Even in Temght it may be inquired whether gh is not more correct than k; i.e. aghez, a cock, taghĕzīt, a hen.
Rar, i.e. ghar, cries; קרא. Midden-nis her cackling. On ḍen or ḍenḍen, see 26.
Ésărek, a litter (of eggs)?
215. The egg is not yet hatched, tésădalt ur tisfákket.
The egg is spoiled, tésădalt tíggĕded.
The eggs are spoiled, tesádălen egadíddĕnad.
The young bird picks (at the egg), akaukautet akirt.
He will come forth, ahad efóket.
The cock is crowing, ákes egetarōren.
Tigĕded, is birded? (214.), i.e. is quickened. It is fem. sing., and the fem. pl. egadíddĕnat (not -nad). Elsewhere, ikhshed, it is spoiled, 167.
Kaut (for hack, hew, cut) seems a widely-spread root. Arab. ḳatʿa, and above, ektas.
Ahad efóket, may be future tense. See 174. and 220. Final t, feminine mark?
Egetarōren = igetaghōren, present partic. from ighār.
216. The horse neighs, ais etehinnít.
—— prances, ais ōskar.
—— goes backward, ais érăren.
—— rolls, aïs abelánbălet.
—— kicks, ais erābar or isākat.
—— is lame, ais ehiak.
—— rolls in the sand, ais ināfar.
—— has mounted the mare, ais asúggĕdit tábăgōt.
217. The camel is crying, ámĕnis éjëu.
—— growls, ámĕnis abéggeg.
—— throws up the nose, ámĕnis etishburdel.
The she-camel has brought forth, tólamt tórau.
—— is about to bring forth, tólamt teshwar tórau.
Ejëu, is crying; = igewa, and fem. pl. egéwănet. Hence in Niphal, iniggu or inijju, it bellows.
Tólamt or tálamt, camel, fem. for alōm or elgham, words not used in this dialect. Evidently elgham = Heb. gemel. It also makes aram in Shilha.
Teshwar, Kab. tezwar, she precedes or begins, 85.
218. The camel is lying down to receive the load, ámenis egen, égag fellas ilălen [one heaps on him the luggage, 98.].
The camel refuses to rise, ámenis tindăras ténnăkrat.
Too much load on him, égan fellas ilălan agōtĕni.
The camels graze, immĕnás idānan.
The she-camels cry, they want to be milked, tólemín egéwănet, irhānet tázit.
Indar, he refused, 112. It differs from asindar, throw down (which is perhaps asinṭar, from iṭar, he went down), and from emendar, to lodge for the night, which is emendagh.
Egan, it lies.
219. The bullock lows, ámăke eníjju.
The cow lows, tēs aníjju.
The cows chew the cud, iwan afarádĕnit.
The cows are sated, íwan iwănet.
They lie down, ikarámĕnet.
The cows are returning from the water, íwan asúwanet, iktárnet fel áman.
The cows return the food, íwan isókalnet. (25.)
Afărad. See efĕrat, in 208.
Iwănet, from root iwa or iwan, to satiate. In Kab. thayawant or thawant, satiety.
Īwān, cows, may be shortened from Kab. yugāwen, steers. The root yūg is, as in our tongues, a yoke; whence thayūga, a pair.
Asú-ănet, they have drunk.
Iktar seems to be Arab. 8th form, from kar.
220. The he-goat bleats, eshōlak ahílĕlet.
The she-goats bleat, úlli essiláfnet.
The ram bleats, abákkar ásilef.
The sheep bleat, tíhatén esiláfnet esmedanésnet.
Ahilĕlet, from elīl, to cry aloud. Ghad. eslīl, Kab. esiwel, from awal, voice. Barth has also asilel.
Asĭlef, bleat, is more specific.
Iherna, he crouched. See 139.
Ishek invasit (137.); but future (215.) ehadishek, invadet.
Imĕhesh, (my money) is spent; whence frequent. with causative sense, ishmahish, he annihilated.
221. The lion roars, eher eníggu, eher eríkku.
The lion is crouching, eher ehérnen abók fellauen ehe.
—— [will attack people], eher ehádíshek idinet.
—— [tears in pieces?], ashmaraurauest ídinet.
—— [destroys them], eshmahíshten ídinet.
222. The dog snarls [crouches? see 139.], ēdi tehárna.
The dog bites, ēdi tād.
—— barks, ēdi itíshut or itéröas.
The scorpion bites (me), tataihi tasírdant.
223. The ostrich runs fast, énnehel ehăsar hullen.
The ostrich hides his head in the bush, énnĕhe ísed arāfĕnis [aghāfĕnis] der ehíshk.
He thinks nobody sees him, arēl war tehinnēn ídinet.
224. The man was sitting on the shore, ahālis akīm rōr alīm-n-áman.
Suddenly a crocodile seized him by the leg [knee?], and went away with it [him?] azūed arāte irmast safód, ilmar deris. (Dēris, under it?)
Alīm, edge, border? In 50. we have esalīm, shore, and asarīm in vocabulary. Elsewhere, alīm is skin, for aglim of Kab. Also alim, chaff, straw, in Kab.
Azūed, sudden (heavy).
Irmas, seized. Afod, knee, in vocabulary.
Ilmar, not again in this sense.
225. The river horse rose in the water (to the surface of the water), and snorted, ajámba áskaket dar áman isáfărad.
The river horse has upset the boat, ajámba irbar tōraft.
The river horse has shattered the boat, ajámba tárzar [tarza?] tōraft.
226. The vulture hovered over the gazelle, elullen ilay gínnigis ashinkat.
Until it pounced upon it, and tore out its eyes, har asgen felles ístaras, íkas tettáwennis.
Lay the pillow upon the mat (carpet), sins ádăfōr fel isífter [fel isiftakh].
227. I this morning found a scorpion under my carpet, nek tifaut idak enhagh tezerdemt dau tesúftakhtēn.
Lay a cloth under your saddle, ége tashíshwart dau mĕdásh.
Lest it hurt the back of your horse, war eráshădēt (or itemanākit) arōrin aïs innak.
Ége, make, for, put.
Erashādet seems to be subjunctive from ishad or ishadet. Compare Arabic shadha, he harmed.
Itemanākīt, root, naka? Temankit is exhaustion.
228. At that place the river runs upon rock, dar agel wādagh áman óshălen fel tihōn.
He fell along the [gallery? landing-place?], enta etarákatet fel sŏrō.
Till he came below the staircase [steps of the gallery?], har óse dau íbtalen sŏrō.
All the day he sat in his tent, ashel rurret ekēm der ehénnis.
Agel, place? (Is it the same as aghel, Kab. arm? See 201. on aril.)
229. He put it in his pocket, enta egēt der elshēb.
Do not enter the house, war tégĕshit tárăshām.
Stay outside, ébbedīd dágăma.
Outside the town, ágĕmē-n-ághĕrim.
There is nothing but mere sand, war ehet har ákal mellen.
230. Thou hast not given me my (full) right, war he tawēdet el hakki.
He went before me, íggĕle iládatāi.
Look before you, that you may not fall, sageréhe dātak, war tídu.
I went behind him, égelēgh iládăras.
Let us look behind us, sanishlámanak dáranak [sanishlámanagh dáranagh].
Lest these men betray us, war hanak [hanagh] ighádernit ídinet ídagh.
El hakk is Arab. and final i the Arab. pronoun “my.” Tassedet, thou hast made even, æquasti. See 168.
Sageréhe, if it is one word, would seem by 11 to mean “look with pleasure.”
Tidu (rather tidut? or tidurt?). See 104.
Sanishlam. See 11.
Ighádernit, fem. plur., because idinet (duniat, Arab.) is fem.
231. All round this mountain, ádar wādagh terlaite,
there is fine pasture, éhe téshe tehōske.
At the side of the mosque, tamizgída d’ edisennis [the mosque, at its side],
is a large well, ehe ānu makkōren.
Sit down at my side, arem d’ édisín.
Arem = aghēm = aqīm = ekem, sit, stay.
232. Opposite each other, inéhăsan gerēsan.
Sit opposite to me, thy face to me, arim dihādar annădīd seri idiménnek.
He sat opposite, his face to me, ekēm annădíd seri ideménnis.
To your right, dek arīl innek. (201.)
Keep to your right, akel sibberīn arílinnek [go keeping your right?].
To your left, fel teshelgínak.
Inéhăsan = inéhăzan, from ihaz, 55., he was near. Gerēsan, inter se.
Dihadar, from Ar. حاضر, “present.”
Annădīd, παράλληλος? from ned, αλλος (as Kab.). Ben Mūsa gives ghīm nediu, sit near me, as Temght. So endi, nearest, next. It is spelt with d or t thick in Kab.
Akel, go thou? see 124.; or, turn thou? See 25.
Sibber, from Arab. صبر?
233. When you go from Timbúktu to Gúndam, ke tesékalak dak Timbýtku kēk Gúndam.
Leave the river at your left, óye eghírrëu fel arē wa-n-téshilgēn.
And you have open country on your right, d-óyak bóderār fel ărē wa-n-aríli.
Tesékalak, read tesékalat? 2nd pers. sing.
Oyak, elsewhere, is “I left.”
Boderār, open country.
234. [Ordinarily the river is shallow, below the place of this year], ennādir eghírrëu adejāsal, éder ádiget tenídagh.
This exceeds that, wādagh yūgar wādagh.
There is nothing left of it, war akímēn ders harret.
S ennādir, in custom?
Adejāsal, pres. tense from gazal, to be short? (gzl or wzl.)
235. That is a different thing, wādagh amūs harret.
It is rare, war agīt.
Similar, amélehen.
It is like, yúlehe, yúle.
Like, shynd, sund [zund?]
All the same, berīsh.
Amūs, moves, changes?
War agīt, it does not do (it)?
Yúlehe, yūle. See 40.
Sund is zund and zun in Kab. (Arab. zain, comely, elegant.)
236. Whichever way you take, every where you find water, atif tígedi titetaffet, dags attiggeraut áman (take straight which-you-take, on it you alight (on) water?).
Keep straight on, áttil tígĕdid ghas (keep straight only).
Straight, tígĕdid.
In Kab. tidīd, true, seems to be here tigĕdid or tidĕgid.
Attil, be thou? = ili?
237. Do not [trouble yourself? or run?] this way, nor that? war has tishlet, sĭhā, wolla sĭhā.
The river runs between mountains, eghírrëu yūshal ger adāren.
The road leads through a thick forest, where are plenty of lions, abárraka teha (igesh) arkit ŭrmā; ihe tawăkast; ehant éwokhsan.