112. I have made him confess by some means or other, nek esleákak estiwit tézar alaretāhi gaway ōkar.
I deny, odelagh.
(I refuse to you?), nek odélakay, odélagh el khēr innek.
I refuse to you, nek endarākay.
I punish you, nek akazábăkay.
He has refused (to) me, indarāhi.
[He refused to me speech concerning it?], indarāhi meggered sirs.
Yōdel, he denied?
Indar, he refused. So 218.
Azab, seems to be Arab. ʿaḍab, torment: but what is ak before it? Does k replace lost ain?
113. Pardon me! enshāhi.
I pardon you, enshāghak.
Pardon me, O Lord! e Mesī, takfūt felle.
Ransom him, sókălas téffĕdaut enís.
I wrong you, nek ówaradakay [ówaranakay?].
Thou wrongest me, tówaradāhi.
Insha, he pardoned, recalls Arab. nesa, he forgot.
Takfūt, “thou hast forgiven,” as from akfū. The k is a corruption of ain, from Arabic ʿafu.
Teffedaut, ransom, from Arab. feda.
Sókălas, return (repay) for him. See 25.
Owar, injure thou (?). Towaraṭ, 2nd pers.
114. I doubt, hesitate, am mistaken, nek amdíggeg.
I am not mistaken as to what I said, nek war amdíggeg tidid, au annēgh.
Sins, pl. ibakkăden.
I commit sin, nek eger [egegh] ebăkeṭ. [Ghad. Bekkăden, sins.]
I am authorised, egelāyegh.
I have been longing for you, ezóweragh.
Tidid, true? truth?
Au = awwa, that which.
Ezoëragh, from Arab. zōr, violence?
115. I disturb you, nek ashelánakay.
You disturb me, ke teshledāhi: ke tekesadāhi makăna nawa kannak.
Let me alone, aiyāhi; (trouble me not), war shillāhi.
I tickle, nek akerittegh (témandan).
Shela, disturb, bustle. See oshel, 55. Akeritti (tickle thou?). In Kab. ekreṭ, rake, scrape. Below, karrauet is torn.
116. I envy thee, nek munshéghakay.
ʿAbidín envies Bakáy on account of [the Ulíye], ’Abidín emunshagh El Bakáy fel temust innis.
I cheat you, betray you, nek ghadárakay (Arab.), nek ighdáraghak.
Thou hast cheated me, taghdarredāhi.
Imunshegh, he envied; amōshagh (amonshagh?), envious.
Fel, upon; temust, affair.
117. I steal, ókăragh. (So Kab.)
Theft, tōkar (and tékărak, below).
A thief, amkarād. (So Kab.)
Thieves have stolen my camel, imakarāden ōkaren amĕnis eni.
The Kel-ulli are expert in stealing, Kel-ulli idábabén dag tékărak.
I seduce (?), nek takárăsak.
That man has seduced the woman (?), halis adagh etákaras tamándant.
Yūkar, yōkar, he stole, seems to have secondary verbs, yekarad, yekarak, yekaras.
Tamandant = tamattut of Kab.? The form does not seem to recur.
Ikaras in the Prodig. S. is used for igharas, he slaughtered.
118. I take vengeance, nek azālagh eráni.
Vengeance is sweet, tamăzilt-n-era tazēd.
He has revenged on them the blood of his father, izel dassen áshĕni-n-shís.
I beat you, nek wātak.
He beat him, till the blood came out, yawat, har tegmad áshen.
Erā, the debt of blood. Azal was at first written by Barth as with ص. I suspect it is here سال, and means demand. Zal is of many roots in Kab.
Azēd, azīd, sweet.
Áshĕni, blood, is nearly as in Hausa. In Kab. we find idemmin, as if Arabic pl.
Shi or ti, father.
Yawat, “he beat,” is the root, as in Kab. Tegmad (with adverbial d final), from igem, he went out; Temght, not Kab.
119. I imprison, ergellagh (awādagh iyen).
A prison, ehe-n-errĕgal.
I put in chains, egegh ásĕsar dar erinnis [I do a chain on his neck].
I put a waistchain on his back, a handcuff on his hands, gegh teshim dar darannis, gegh tiyat dar afasánnis.
Irĕgel, he imprisoned?
Erī, neck (in Kab.); fel erinnis, on his neck (Prodig. Son). Dar (= daffir, back? see the prepositions). Ifasan, hands. I infer that ásĕsar is a collar or neckband, teshim, a waistchain, tiyat, a handcuff.
120. I circumcise, nek emánkăden, (particip.)
Circumcised, imankad, pl. imankăden.
I castrate, nek emeleägh.
121. I wound somebody, sabáyăsagh awādem.
He is wounded, abōyis (?)
Wounded, anasbāyas.
From 129., buyis (or aboyis?), a wound. The causative verb is sabayas, wound thou; the passive (or Niphal), inebuyis, he was wounded. Also anasbāyas (particip.), wounded.
Awādem, from Heb. and Arab. adam, man.
122. I box the ear, asíttegh.
I slap the face, edebarāhagh.
I kick, stamp with the foot, terséllădagh.
I strike with the knee, nek tesmen kássădagh.
I give a foil, nek esíllăras [esíllăghas].
Ibarāh, he slapped? (Ibarāgh, he treated insolently?) See Abărāgh in 138.
123. I wrangle, nek táyĕragh shélkĭkān.
I cut (off) his head, nek tesúggŏrast [tesúggŏgh-as-t].
Strangle thou (him), orëa-s.
I strangle (him), nek oréägh-as.
Isugg, he cut off?
Orëa, strangle, may be compared with eri, neck, Kab. and in 119.
124. I go to war, iggelēgh dagh égĕhen. [Egehen, an inroad, or military expedition.]
The people gather, idĭnet tidauen.
They intend an expedition, yebōken égĕhen.
They deliberate, emsākan mēden.
[Note 124, 125.]Igĕle, he went or set off, seems to me the same root as tekĕli, starting setting off, which in Kab. is tikli or thikli. I ventured to propose writing the verb ikĕli (see 232.), and regarded sikel (travel) as its causative (viz. cause to go, i.e. make the beasts start); as Arab. sūḳ. But Barth insists that igĕle is necessarily sounded with g, and tekkĕli, sikkel with k.
Idĭnet; Arab. dunia, world? The word pervades North Africa.
Emsākan seems to have m as a reciprocal form.
Mēden, men, as in Kab.
125. They are about to start, yebōken tékĕli.
The expedition takes horse, égĕhen írkeb. (Arab.)
They invest their chief, tinmókolen amanōkal nissen.
The expedition left, egĕhen égĕle.
We shall fight, adeneknés. [Eknās, battle.]
126. The expedition attacked, egĕhen óhak.
They fell upon the cattle, ehōkan ishítan.
They plunder the tents, ásfeken ihánnan.
They take away everything, atáfen auay ilādihen der rurret (they seize whatever (is) there of the whole.)
They take the male and female slaves, ígfălen íkĕlan e tikélăten.
Ohak, ohag, in Temght, are the root awagh of Kab., but take a stronger sense. awagh is “sume,” but ohag, “cape, rape.”
Ehōkan in 127. is óhăgen; but perhaps they differ in tense.
Asfeken, I conjecture, should be asfeghen, they empty; from fagh. See 174.
Igfal may seem to be the same word as ikfel, he ransacked. 130.
127. They lead away the horses, wottan íyesan. [They bring up? See iwaṭ in 94.]
They drive away the cows, óhăgen iwan.
—— the woolly sheep, óhăgen tikíndemén.
—— the (hairy) sheep, óhăgen tíhatēn.
—— the goats, óhăgen ulli.
Tihatēn seems to be the same word as tighaten, goats, from taghat, she-goat, in Kab. Barth also has tarat (= taghat), she-goat; yet he is sure that tihatēn means (hairy) sheep; and that ulli (which in Kab. is a flock of sheep or goats) is the Temght plural for goats. In 137. ulli is sheep (?). [There is no doubt that ulli comprises occasionally both sheep and goats.—B.]
128. There was nothing but weeping of the women and children, war akímu har tidĕdēn e iliáden immerauen dag timshagh. [N.B. e, and; as 126. 130.]
They fought hard, úsăsan ágăzar.
They would not flee, war ebōkan égewet. (52.)
Akimu is from iḳīm, it rested or remained (41.); also, it remained over. Har, except.
Immerau, reciprocal verb, from iru, he sobbed; immerauen, they sobbed mutually.
Agĕzar, war. Usăsan (perhaps), “they made obstinate;” Ar. ʿasa; which might generate a causative verb, isasa. But for the Arabic root, we have in Kab. azzay, heavy. See azúen in 150.
129. They vanquished them only by numbers, éntenet war tanárnen har s egōd.
Died, who died, amūt, awa amūt.
Was wounded, who was wounded, égeshēn búyĭsen, awa būyis.
Was speared, who was speared, égeshēn tídik, awa gíshen.
Was smitten, who was smitten, égeshēn tíwit awa gíshen.
The whole tribe was extirpated, tausit ikétĕnes témminde. (91.)
Except a few lads who were absent, asel harret ilíaden, war hadarīn.
There was not one who was not wounded, war tílle dakhsen ĕrē war nebūyis.
War tan-arnen. The negative war attracts the pron. accus. tan (them). Arnen, they overcame, as in Kab.
Egōd, multitude, as in Shilha yeggūt, it was numerous.
Egishen seems to come from egish, enter or pierce. (So egishāhi terjadauten, cup me behind the ear, i.e. pierce to me the back-head.) Idak, he pierced with a spear, Heb. daḳar; Ar. daḳḳ wat, ihe struck, smote. Hence tidik and tiwit, feminine nouns.
Erē ... qu. war-erē, ne-pas? So Kab.
130. Men were broken and crushed, idĭnet arzan e dígdĕgen.
They ransacked their villages, atíkfĕlan emazāghe nissen.
They took it and went away with it, eluent, éngĕlen dĕris.
The enemy despaired, íshĭnge aráhăgén.
I despair, nek eheráhăragh.
The whole town burns, aghĕrim ikétĕnes irrar. (170.)
They fled into the forest, imár rasan ígeshen ehíshkan. [They were broken, and entered the bushes.]
I flee, nek arzēgh. [I am broken?]
They make a stand, ibdĕdan. (41.)
Irza, he broke; also, he was broken; but for the passive we seem presently to find imarraz; in Kabáíl imrez and irrez. Idigdeg or idiggid, he crushed; frequentative. Compare Heb. daḳaḳ, Ar. daḳḳ, to pound, &c.
Itikfel, present tense from Ikfel? See Igfal, in 126.
Amazāghe. Compare Timshagh, in 128.
Yelu, he took? (not again.)
Ingel, Niph. from igĕle? (not again). But inghel, it gushed out; qu. enghĕlen, eruperunt?
Irahagh, he despaired. Ehe initial, marking present, is aï of Kabáíl.
131. They gather, isártăyen har emókăsan. [They caused to join, until they assembled mutually.]
Their chief addressed them, emegered dassen amanōkal nissen. (29.)
Irtay (neuter verb), it joined; isertay (active), he joined; imirtayen(things), mixed.
132. He exhorted them to defend their women, innăsen hawánim auādagh akawen igeráwen tídĕdēn ennawen. [He said to them ... that (?) to you they set free your women.]
And your children, ezafnet d íliaden nawen.
Izaf, naked; izafnet, they (fem.) are naked?
Igerauen, they deliver, set free? rather, egherauen, “laxant.” See 63.
133. That you may not get a bad name amongst men (?) ámehak wásăsen tésĕlim dar mēden.
Up! and let us fight till we penetrate to their tents, awar hawenjen har tasne ehanne nassen.
134. Till we fight them at their very tents, har dirsen tirteyam dar ehenne nessen.
Till you drive out their women, tesiffem tídedēn nissen.
Take as hostages their children, termissen arrásăsen alroren nissen.
Their children are your prey, ilíaden nissen ewunawen.
135. They raise the war-cry, esaraurawen.
They beat their shields, etedérzen érehe [ághĕre] nissen.
136. They form a line, égen ăfōd.
They make an assault, óshĕlen insírsen.
They have surrounded them, raleénten, kŭbēn falássen.
They break through them, ibelaggénten, azraurawénten.
Afōd, the knee! Egen, see 39.
Oshĕlen, they hurried, 55.
Insirsen, they made a descent? Kab. ires, he went down; sirs, bring down.
Raleyen, from iralay, he surrounded: whence terlaite, around.
Kubē, form a circle? Compare ḳubba (Heb. and Arab.), a (vaulted) sleeping chamber, an arch.
Fal-assen, against them.
Ibelag, pervasit? (Ar. belagh, pervenit). Azraurau, freq. to split (190.), from irza (130.).
137. They have dispersed, ábbĕdén.
These were broken and those were broken, arzen wuīn, arzen wuīn.
They fled like hares, egéwuaden shynd égewat átek temarruëlt [instar fugæ (quam) præterit? lepus].
Like the sheep or goats before the wolf, shynd ulli ishāk ebak [instar gregis (quam) invadit lupus].
Abbeden, read abbeṭen, or abbeden. Kab. ibtu, divisit.
Shynd, in Kab. and Shilha, zund, zun, instar.
Egewuad, egewat, see 52.
Temarruelt, a hare, from imerewel, run away (Hodgson’s Kab.), which is from irwel, he fled; Arabic, rahhel.
Ebak or ebēg, a jackal.
Ishāk, invadit? Afterwards (220.) ishek, “(the lion) attacks.” Compare shik, quick; Kab. zik.
138. They are both afraid, éntĕnet aneméttesen ingarmanissen.
Let the proud champions fight, ayet inasbarāghen ademánghan.
(Let) the champions step forth, síggemet étid inasbarāghen.
(One) champion the son of Naber (Nabegha), anesbarāgh ineg en Nabegh.
And (the other) champion the son of Agwi, d anesbarāgh ineg el Agwi.
Imettes, he frightened? (Not again.)
Ingarmanissen, inter se? In Kab., gar, between; also gaigar; and gaigarasan, inter se.
Ayet, let ye, 95.
Abărāgh, proud; tebarōghit, opulence; anesbărōgh, man of wealth and grandeur. In Venture, ūbĭlāgh, bien, richesse.
Ademánghan, subjunctive. Ingha, he killed; imangha, he killed mutually, i.e. he fought.
Siggemet, exire facite. Igem, exiit, 118.
Etid, hither? [Etid, (the cold) increases.]
Ineg or inek, son;—only in Temght?
139. Their countenances are as the countenances of lions, idemawen nissen shynd idemawen éheran.
Who are about to spring on their prey, ainemeharnănīn abōkan ademókăsen.
They fight hand to hand, amáwăten.
The son of Agwi has cut him through the left shoulder, ineg el Agwi istak sers gerē dézar wa-n-téshĭlgēn.
Udem, cheek, in Venture; face, in Kab. generally; pl. udemin. It is also aḳădūm in Kab., which suggests Heb. and Arab, ḳedem, front, as akin. See 81.
Eher, lion, is afur in Ghad.
Iharna seems to mean “he crouched,” see 22; although Barth has it otherwise in 222: meharnan, particip.
Aina, article or relative plural?
Ademókasen, occurrant (to encounter). Ad marks subjunctive, as in ademanghan, 138.
Iwat, he struck: imawat, he struck reciprocally.
Istak, has gashed? has inflicted? Arab. 8th form of sūḳ, impulit?
Sers, on him? So in Kab.—Delaporte, &c.
Gerē, between? Kab. gar (or, a wound? Arab, jurhh).
Dézar, collar bone? or, ezar? vein.
Wa-n-téshilgēn, which (is) of the left.
140. He parried that blow, úhag arasset.
(They encounter;) their swords are broken, tamókasen, tikabawen erzĕmet.
They throw the spears, anemiggĕren s alăghen.
I throw the spear, nek egāragh alăghe.
One and the other throw it, igart wuay, igart wuay.
This pierced him and that pierced him, idakt wuay, idakt wuay.
141. Both of them are wounded, asen enissen ansabayāsen.
The blood gushes from their wounds like a torrent, ingay áshĕni dar búyĭsen nissen ifay shynd enji [it comes out like, &c.].
142. (They) lead them from the place, itkellénten dihen anemanghan [they cause-them-to quit where they have fought mutually].
They bind up their wounds, etellénten ibúyĭsen nissen.
They put to them remedies, egenassen isĕfrā.
They die, amūten.
Ikelli, he caused to quit? see 124. The form reminds one of Arabic.
Ittal, he swathed, wrapped, folded, wound up (so Kab.). Compare Arab. fetel: whence iftel, ittel?
143. They drive them back, yékĕnten, isokalénten.
They have extirpated [crushed?] their tribe, irzan terērt nissen.
I lay ambush, nek estĕdaf.
They have razed the whole town to the ground, irzan ághĕrim ikétĕnes har amós shynd ákal.
Yéken, they pass? (cause to pass).
Isókal, see 25.
Terērt, tribe: also, a cup! (Is a tribe Ṭerīght = Ṭarīḳet?)
Estédaf, Arab. 8th form? Esdef, obscura fuit nox, Golius.
Aghĕrim, town. Ikétĕnes, all of it.— [Some of it,—or, much of it, one might have judged. But Barth is positive and consistent.]
Har amós, until it becomes?
144. I draw my sword from the scabbard, erkăbagh takobāni dagar titar.
I throw down the scabbard, asíndaragh titar.
I replace the sword in its case, esókălagh tákŏba dag titar ennis.
I draw the arrow (at him?), erkábăgh-as essim.
I let fly the arrow, egeragh s essim (I throw with the arrow).
I replace the arrow in the quiver, esókălagh essim dag tatánghot.
Irkeb, evulsit, is native (180.): see 125. for the very different Arabic.
Dagar, dag; read dagh.
Isindar, he threw down? Yet indar, he refused (112.), and ennādir, often. Rather asindaragh is for asintarakgh, from root iṭarak, he fell (71.); or for asintaragh, from iṭar, he went down, which is Temght as well as Kabáíl.
145. I load the gun, tasáksagh el barūde.
Is the gun loaded or not? el barūde asíksek? mer war asíksek?
The left barrel is loaded, éman teshílge tezéksak.
The right barrel is not loaded, éman arēl war ezéksak; or, war teha harret [there is not anything]; or, war ekémăret.
Tasaksagh for tasaksakgh.
Zéksak, careless for seksak? root saksak, cram, press. Comp. Greek, σαγ.
Teshílge, differently accented in 139. 146.
Arēl, the right. (These two words differ from the Kab.) Arīl-n-eshel is the noon of day, i.e. the upright?
Ekémăret is filled? It seems to me an Arabic feminine form, corrupt for ʿamaret, which Delaporte uses.
146. Give me a little powder for the eye of the gun, ikfāhe égil gíak, dag tēt-n-el barūd.
I fire the gun, sínkăragh el barūd.
I hit, wātagh.
He has hit him(?) just under the left eye, wātagh s el barūd dag tagūmast-n-tét tan téshĭlgēn.
Égil, powder (in the vocabulary).
Giak, a little?
Sinkar, cause to rise? (cock the gun?) Inkar, he arose; 41.
Tagūmast, a tooth? [So, it seems, in Barth’s vocab.] Tughmas in Kab. Qu. He hit me in the left eye-tooth?
Tan, fem. demonst. = tinni of Kab. Elsewhere, tēn and tindagh, illa.
147. The ball did not enter him, (but) passed over his head, war tiggisht tesawe, toke eraf [eghaf] enis; ukaine tezáwaten gínnĭge eraf enis.
He has not aimed well, war asíkĕne és innémehel; war esnámehel; war ésín esinnémĕhel. (See 172. 195.)
He does not know how to aim, war esín asíkken.
148. His arm trembled, afōs enis ishikátkat. (His hand.)
The ball has swerved, tisáwaten akúrret.
Ishikátkat, trembled; but shekántat, shiver.
Tisawaten, plural? Akurret = akurrent, also plur.? Compare akérăren, round.
149. I trade, asíttĕgagh.
I am not a merchant, war estéjjagh.
I exchange, éstĕgagh; meséttegh.
I barter, simískălagh.
Isitteg and istejja must be variations of one verb. They remind us of Arabic tājir, merchant. Meséttegh, unless particip., is a reciprocal verb.
Simiskal, complicated form, from ikkal (iḳḳal), he turned?
150. I buy, nāzagh.
Thou hast bought dear, tāzet azúen.
—— cheap, indeed! tāzet erakēsen, beshōr!
I provide myself with (store up) millet (corn), esātagh énĕli (alun).
All the Arabs of Ázawád buy their guinea-corn in Timbúktu, Arăben-n-Azawagh iketenessen ikāten énĕli dak Timbýtku.
Ināz he buys; inz, he bought?
Tāzet, for tanzet? This shows the root of izinz, he sold, in Kab.
Erakēs is Arab. rakhīs, cheap. Elsewhere Barth has ibkhas, cheap.
Isat, he stores up?
Azúen, dear; also hard (meat). Kab. azza, to be heavy.
Ikāt, he measures? 193.
151. I sell, eshinshēgh (= ezinzēgh).
Sell me your horse, shinshāhi aïs innak.
I do not sell my horse, war shinshēgh ais in [= ais eni].
I wish to sell something, irhēgh adĕshinsh [adĕshinshagh] harret.
152. I borrow [roṭolegh?].
Lend me, sirdelāhi.
I lend you, esirdelaghak.
I have from you money on loan, nek ehánătay esirdalínnek.
You have from me —, ke ehánkay esirdál eni.
He has from him —, enta ehant esirdal enís.